Deck 12: Nutrition for Normal Growth and Development

Question 1

Development is defined as:

A) cell multiplication and cell enlargement.
B) the process by which tissues and organs take on more complex function.
C) the physiologic rather than chronologic age.
D) a stage of physical, mental, emotional, and social maturity.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A good way to monitor a child's physical growth is by:

A) checking height and weight periodically.
B) asking parents about progress.
C) taking periodic x-rays.
D) determining speech patterns.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A measurement that is used as a valuable indicator of infant growth is:

A) basal metabolic rate.
B) chest circumference.
C) triceps skinfold thickness.
D) head circumference.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A large amount of an infant's total body water lies:

A) outside the cells.
B) within the cells.
C) between the cells.
D) within the cell membrane.

Question 5

Social and cultural growth is measured by the child's ability to:

A) get along with others.
B) contribute to the family.
C) eat at the table with others.
D) handle frustration.

Question 6

The percentage of an infant's body weight that is composed of water is:

A) 20% to 25%.
B) 30% to 40%.
C) 50% to 60%.
D) 70% to 75%.

Question 7

Emotional growth is measured by the child's ability to:

A) display temper.
B) withhold emotions.
C) give love and affection.
D) relate to others.

Question 8

The percentage of a 5-year-old child's daily kcalorie intake that is used for tissue growth is about:

A) 5%.
B) 12%.
C) 25%.
D) 50%.

Question 9

The phase of life in which the least growth and development occur is:

A) infancy.
B) childhood.
C) adolescence.
D) adulthood.

Question 10

In an active 5-year-old child of normal body weight who eats 1800 kcal daily, the number of kilocalories (kcalories or kcal) used for basal metabolism would be about:

A) 180.
B) 450.
C) 720.
D) 900.

Question 11

After birth, an infant's fetal store of iron is diminished within:

A) 4 to 6 months.
B) 6 to 9 months.
C) 9 to 12 months.
D) 12 to 18 months.

Question 12

Children are likely to experience problems if they receive excess amounts of vitamins:

A) D and E.
B) C and D.
C) A and E.
D) A and D.

Question 13

An infant will usually double his or her birth weight in:

A) 1 month.
B) 3 months.
C) 6 months.
D) 12 months.

Question 14

In addition to bone and tooth development, an important function served by calcium in growing children is:

A) hemoglobin formation.
B) blood clotting.
C) adipose tissue growth.
D) regulation of digestion.

Question 15

Infants usually triple their birth weight by age:

A) 12 months.
B) 18 months.
C) 24 months.
D) 36 months.

Question 16

The greatest proportion of kcalories in growing children is expended toward:

A) tissue growth.
B) physical activities.
C) thermic effect of food.
D) basal metabolic needs.

Question 17

Compared with breast-fed infants, bottle-fed infants are more likely to:

A) exhibit independent behaviors.
B) develop vitamin D deficiency.
C) become overweight as children.
D) accept a variety of tastes.

Question 18

The nutrient that provides building material for tissue growth is:

A) carbohydrates.
B) protein.
C) fats.
D) vitamins.

Question 19

Ideally premature infants should be fed breast milk fortified with extra:

A) essential fatty acids and amino acids.
B) protein, vitamins, and minerals.
C) B vitamins, iron, and zinc.
D) lactose, calcium, and vitamin D.

Question 20

Growth is usually slow and erratic during:

A) infancy.
B) childhood.
C) adolescence.
D) adulthood.

Question 21

Reduced-fat cow's milk should be avoided for infants and young children because it does not contain enough:

A) calories and linoleic acid.
B) protein.
C) calcium and phosphorus.
D) vitamins.

Question 22

The approximate age at which solid foods should be added to the infant's diet is:

A) 2 to 3 months.
B) 4 to 6 months.
C) 6 to 7 months.
D) 12 months.

Question 23

A major reason that toddlers usually eat less than they did as infants is because they are:

A) using baby fat stores.
B) less active.
C) losing interest in food.
D) growing more slowly.

Question 24

Symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, polyuria, and calcification of the soft tissues are associated with toxicity of vitamin:

A) A.
B) C.
C) D.
D) E.

Question 25

The key developmental task for infants is establishment of:

A) industry.
B) trust.
C) autonomy.
D) identity.

Question 26

The effect of the hormone prolactin is to:

A) stimulate breast development.
B) balance supply and demand of breast milk.
C) stimulate breast milk production.
D) stimulate ejection of milk from the alveoli.

Question 27

At birth, full-term infants do not produce:

A) lipase.
B) amylase.
C) sucrase.
D) lactase.

Question 28

The schedule for breastfeeding newborn infants should be:

A) every 2 to 3 hours.
B) on demand.
C) dependent on the mother's schedule.
D) less often at night than during the daytime.

Question 29

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers feed their infants mostly breast milk or formula up to age:

A) 4 months.
B) 6 months.
C) 1 year.
D) 18 months.

Question 30

An important principle guiding the infant feeding process is that:

A) specific foods are required at certain growth periods.
B) family foods can be safely introduced at about 6 months.
C) solid foods should not be given until the infant can self-feed.
D) food supplies physical, developmental, and cultural needs.

Question 31

By his or her first birthday, an infant who weighed 3 kg at birth would be expected to weigh about:

A) 5 kg.
B) 6 kg.
C) 9 kg.
D) 12 kg.

Question 32

The long-chain fatty acids arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are present in breast milk and are added to some commercial formulas because they are important in the development of:

A) the immune system.
B) gastrointestinal flora.
C) visual acuity.
D) motor skills.

Question 33

The traditional transition food for an infant going from a milk-only diet to solid food is:

A) diluted fruit juices.
B) fortified infant cereals.
C) strained fruits.
D) strained vegetables.

Question 34

The first milk secreted by a new mother is called:

A) chyme.
B) chyle.
C) colostrum.
D) prolactin.

Question 35

When a mother is bottle-feeding an infant, the infant should be:

A) placed on a pillow on the mother's lap.
B) lying in a cradle or crib with the bottle propped.
C) cradled in the mother's arm with the head upright.
D) sitting in an infant seat.

Question 36

The hormone responsible for stimulating the ejection of breast milk (let-down reflex) is:

A) oxytocin.
B) progesterone.
C) estrogen.
D) prolactin.

Question 37

A full-term infant is unable to digest and absorb:

A) proteins.
B) simple carbohydrates.
C) starches.
D) saturated fat.

Question 38

Symptoms such as anorexia, slow growth, cracking skin, and enlargement of the spleen and liver are associated with toxicity of vitamin:

A) A.
B) C.
C) D.
D) E.

Question 39

Unmodified cow's milk is unsuitable for young infants because it:

A) is too low in calcium.
B) contains insufficient protein.
C) contains too much fat.
D) may cause gastrointestinal bleeding.

Question 40

Breast-fed infants may need supplements of vitamin:

A) A.
B) C.
C) D.
D) E.

Question 41

The rate of growth during the school-age years is best described as:

A) rapid.
B) very rapid.
C) slowed.
D) stopped.

Question 42

The final growth spurt usually occurs:

A) during the school-age period.
B) during adolescence.
C) at the end of adolescence.
D) in young adulthood.

Question 43

A factor that accounts for wide fluctuations in the metabolic rates of adolescents of the same age is:

A) differences in physiologic age.
B) differences in psychologic development.
C) cultural differences.
D) gender.

Question 44

A meal that is particularly important to a school-age child is:

A) breakfast.
B) lunch.
C) dinner.
D) bedtime snacks.

Question 45

Toddlers whose diet consists primarily of milk may develop:

A) anemia.
B) rickets.
C) hypervitaminosis A.
D) hypercalcemia.

Question 46

Peer modeling begins to influence food choices during:

A) the preschool years.
B) the school years.
C) adolescence.
D) adulthood.

Question 47

A food group that preschool children usually dislike is:

A) vegetables.
B) fruits.
C) meat.
D) milk.

Question 48

Preschool children often prefer foods that are:

A) cold.
B) lukewarm.
C) dry.
D) liquid.

Question 49

Muscle and other body tissues of toddlers continue to develop rapidly, so they continue to have high requirements for:

A) carbohydrates.
B) fat.
C) protein.
D) fiber.

Question 50

Constant dieting among teenage girls in the United States is primarily the result of:

A) parental constraints.
B) peer pressure.
C) poor appetite.
D) fear of pregnancy.