Deck 13: Nutrition for Adults: Early, Middle, and Later Years

Question 1

Older adults need increased amounts of:

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin C.
C) niacin.
D) vitamin D.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Decreased production of gastric acid in older adults may interfere with absorption of:

A) vitamin D.
B) essential fatty acids.
C) vitamin B₁₂.
D) calcium.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The gradual loss of muscle strength and function that accompanies aging is known as:

A) neutropenia.
B) sarcopenia.
C) degeneration.
D) cachexia.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Postmenopausal women need an increased intake of:

A) zinc.
B) sodium.
C) calcium.
D) manganese.

Question 5

The recommended daily protein intake for a healthy 65-year-old adult who weighs 70 kg is:

A) 49g.
B) 56g.
C) 63g.
D) 70g.

Question 6

Common problematic health issues for young adults include:

A) osteoporosis.
B) chronic disease.
C) failure to thrive.
D) obesity.

Question 7

A factor that contributes to the decrease in energy requirements for those older than age 75 is:

A) loss of bone.
B) decreased activity.
C) decreased percentage of body fat.
D) economic factors.

Question 8

The aging process begins at:

A) conception.
B) birth.
C) the end of adolescence.
D) retirement.

Question 9

The estimated daily average kilocalorie (kcalorie or kcal) need for an active young adult male is:

A) 2000 kcal.
B) 2400 kcal.
C) 3000 kcal.
D) 3400 kcal.

Question 10

In young adults, iron intake tends to be:

A) less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) in women and more than the RDA in men.
B) more than the RDA in women and less than the RDA in men.
C) less than the RDA in both women and men.
D) more than the RDA in both women and men.

Question 11

After age 50, the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for calcium increases for:

A) women only.
B) men only.
C) neither men nor women.
D) both men and women.

Question 12

Sadness or depression in young adults may lead to:

A) social and economic pressures.
B) risky health behaviors.
C) excessive weight loss.
D) early memory loss.

Question 13

The period between 19 and 40 years of age is known as:

A) late adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) later adulthood.

Question 14

The rate of cell replication begins to decline slowly during:

A) young adulthood.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) older adulthood.

Question 15

Young and middle adults are most likely to have inadequate intakes of:

A) milk and dairy products.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) breads and cereals.
D) meat, poultry, and fish.

Question 16

The most marked difference between adults in the oldest-old group compared to those in the youngest group is in their:

A) nutrient ingestion.
B) body size.
C) nutrient absorption.
D) use of dietary supplements.

Question 17

The amount of calcium in 1 cup of milk is about 300 mg. The number of cups of milk that would be required to supply the calcium requirements of young adults would be a little more than:

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.

Question 18

Older adults need more vitamin B₆ than younger adults because they have:

A) decreased absorption.
B) increased excretion.
C) faster metabolism.
D) less efficient utilization.

Question 19

During early adulthood, men require more energy than women because they have:

A) larger body size.
B) more adipose cells.
C) smaller muscle mass.
D) greater physical activity.

Question 20

Psychosocial development of young adults is characterized by:

A) creative expression or new careers.
B) developing intimacy outside the core family.
C) senescence and depression.
D) fulfillment and strength of purpose.

Question 21

The type of exercise that helps to increase and maintain muscle mass is:

A) endurance exercise.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) resistance exercise.
D) stretching.

Question 22

A factor that may interfere with normal food intake of older adults is:

A) inadequate fluid intake.
B) inadequate income.
C) participation in an exercise program.
D) dependence on caffeinated beverages.

Question 23

Factors that can interfere with the intake of balanced nutrition in older adults include:

A) depression.
B) chronologic age.
C) amount of stored body fat.
D) use of multivitamins.

Question 24

Older adults have lower energy requirements than younger adults because they have:

A) decreased interest in food.
B) fewer family demands.
C) reduced physical activity.
D) fewer living companions.

Question 25

A factor that influences the protein needs of older adults is:

A) health status.
B) cost of protein foods.
C) fat intake.
D) specific age of the person.

Question 26

Nutrient supplementation for older adults should be used:

A) upon individual assessment of need.
B) on a regular basis.
C) following any kind of illness.
D) for those living alone.

Question 27

Nutrition screening for older adults includes questions to identify risk factors, such as:

A) poverty.
B) dieting.
C) poor oral hygiene.
D) smoking.

Question 28

Recent research data indicate that older adults may enjoy maximum life expectancy if they are:

A) greatly underweight.
B) somewhat underweight.
C) slightly overweight.
D) greatly overweight.

Question 29

The age group that is most likely to make positive health changes is:

A) young adults.
B) middle adults.
C) older adults.
D) oldest-old adults.

Question 30

Older adults should make sure that their diets include sufficient:

A) sodium.
B) magnesium.
C) calcium.
D) iron.

Question 31

Warning signs of malnutrition among older adults include:

A) recent unintended weight loss.
B) poor vision.
C) depression and loneliness.
D) use of vitamin supplements.

Question 32

In older adults, physical activity is important to help maintain their:

A) body weight.
B) iron stores.
C) mental function.
D) muscle mass.

Question 33

Adequate dietary fat is important for older adults to:

A) spare protein and muscle mass.
B) add palatability and flavor to food.
C) help reduce the need for laxatives.
D) facilitate absorption of calcium.

Question 34

The medical term for a reduced amount of saliva and dry mouth is:

A) xeroderma.
B) xeritis.
C) xerophthalmia.
D) xerostomia.

Question 35

Compared with younger adults, the protein needs of older adults (per unit of body weight) are:

A) considerably less.
B) the same or less.
C) the same or more.
D) considerably more.

Question 36

A factor that can contribute to unintended weight loss in older adults is:

A) wearing glasses.
B) use of salt substitutes.
C) decreased sensory perception.
D) high blood glucose levels.

Question 37

If an older adult is maintaining weight within normal limits, it can be concluded that his or her caloric intake is:

A) too high.
B) too low.
C) about right.
D) very constant.

Question 38

As adults age, more body fat is deposited in the:

A) abdomen.
B) hips and thighs.
C) internal organs.
D) extremities.

Question 39

A major reason that dehydration can develop rapidly in older adults is because:

A) they tend to consume more sodium.
B) their thirst mechanism diminishes.
C) their ability to regulate water balance diminishes.
D) they lose more water through perspiration.

Question 40

The major factors that influence physical aging and quality of life are:

A) psychological and developmental factors.
B) genetic and environmental factors.
C) social and political factors.
D) emotional and intellectual factors.

Question 41

The study of how and why aging happens is known as:

A) gerontology.
B) geriatrics.
C) chronology.
D) senescence.

Question 42

Malnutrition in older adults is linked to:

A) cardiovascular disease.
B) increased blood pressure levels.
C) arthritis.
D) poor immune function.

Question 43

Health messages that encourage reducing fat intake and portion sizes and selecting low-calorie snacks may be inappropriate for:

A) young adults.
B) middle adults.
C) older adults.
D) all adults.

Question 44

Modifiable risk factors for heart disease and stroke include:

A) iron deficiency.
B) dehydration.
C) obesity.
D) underweight.

Question 45

The goal of nutrition screening for older adults is to:

A) treat overt malnutrition.
B) identify those at risk for malnutrition.
C) evaluate nutritional status.
D) determine supplement needs.

Question 46

The Elderly Nutrition Program provides congregate or home-delivered meals for adults who:

A) have low incomes.
B) are age 60 and older.
C) are at risk for malnutrition.
D) have overt malnutrition.

Question 47

Older adults who participate in strength training programs can:

A) regain muscle strength and muscle mass.
B) reverse the effects of arthritis.
C) reduce their use of medication.
D) reduce their need for vitamin D.

Question 48

A disorder that may make food preparation difficult for older adults is:

A) diabetes.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) high blood pressure.
D) Parkinson's disease.

Question 49

An older adult who is not as alert as usual may be suffering from:

A) iron deficiency.
B) high blood pressure.
C) fluid overload.
D) dehydration.