Deck 15: The Complexity of Obesity: Beyond Energy Balance

Question 1

The widely used sweetener that appears to be associated with increased calorie intakes in recent years is:

A) aspartame.
B) table sugar.
C) high-fructose corn syrup.
D) maltodextrin.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The stage of change in which people actually start making changes to help them lose weight is:

A) precontemplation.
B) contemplation.
C) action.
D) maintenance.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The factor that contributes most to the success of a diet plan is:

A) fat intake.
B) behavior modification.
C) education.
D) adherence.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A hormone that is related to the amount of body fat is:

A) insulin.
B) lipase.
C) estrogen.
D) leptin.

Question 5

Risk of being overweight is inversely related to intakes of:

A) potassium.
B) iron.
C) calcium.
D) sodium.

Question 6

Individuals who have deficient levels of leptin are likely to be:

A) obese.
B) slightly overweight.
C) normal weight.
D) underweight.

Question 7

A factor during infancy that may decrease the risk of obesity during childhood and adolescence is:

A) feeding on demand.
B) feeding on a schedule.
C) exclusive bottle feeding.
D) exclusive breastfeeding.

Question 8

An environmental factor that has contributed to the increasing prevalence of obesity is the:

A) increased seasonal availability of fruits and vegetables.
B) relatively low increase in the price of sugar-sweetened beverages.
C) increased use of genetically engineered foods.
D) inborn preference for foods made with high-fructose corn syrup.

Question 9

The three components that identify obesity as a disease are:

A) diet, exercise, and behavior modification.
B) cause, clinical signs, and pathophysiology.
C) diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.
D) fat cells, hormonal functions, and energy balance.

Question 10

Fat cells store and release fatty acids and:

A) maintain body temperature.
B) prevent essential fatty acid deficiency.
C) secrete hormones.
D) conduct nerve impulses.

Question 11

One physiologic factor associated with weight gain is a high rate of:

A) basal metabolism.
B) carbohydrate oxidation.
C) fat oxidation.
D) protein oxidation.

Question 12

Weight gain may occur in people who use:

A) corticosteroids.
B) cigarettes.
C) caffeinated coffee.
D) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

Question 13

The prevalence of obesity is higher in:

A) children than in adults.
B) Caucasians than in African Americans.
C) older women than in younger women.
D) those with higher incomes than in those with lower incomes.

Question 14

The percentage of the inheritance of obesity that is accounted for by genetic factors is about:

A) 15% to 30%.
B) 25% to 50%.
C) 35% to 70%.
D) 45% to 90%.

Question 15

Another name for conscious control of food intake to maintain stable weight is:

A) restrained eating.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) self-monitoring.
D) portion control.

Question 16

The public health strategies that may help reverse the current obesity epidemic are:

A) diet, exercise, and behavior modification.
B) drugs, supplements, and surgery.
C) education, regulation, and modification of the food supply.
D) portion control, low-fat diet, and low-sugar diet.

Question 17

An example of a peptide hormone produced by the GI tract that influences food intake is:

A) insulin.
B) lipase.
C) leptin.
D) ghrelin.

Question 18

A factor during fetal development that is associated with overweight during young adulthood is maternal:

A) alcohol intake.
B) caffeine intake.
C) smoking.
D) fever.

Question 19

One factor that enhances the release of peptides that produce hunger is:

A) caffeine intake.
B) ambient temperature.
C) blood cholesterol level.
D) sleep deprivation.

Question 20

Obesity is associated with increased risk of:

A) hypertension.
B) peptic ulcer.
C) ulcerative colitis.
D) eczema.

Question 21

Dietetic professionals working with clients who need to lose weight should work toward:

A) rapid initial weight loss to encourage the client.
B) helping the client follow a specific diet plan.
C) rewarding the client for weight loss.
D) permanent lifestyle changes.

Question 22

The prevalence of obesity is increasing:

A) linearly.
B) more and more rapidly.
C) in children and decreasing in adults.
D) more in men than in women.

Question 23

One reason that obesity is increasing in children is because many of them:

A) drink beverages sweetened with aspartame.
B) have easy access to nutrient-dense foods.
C) gain weight in an attempt to become popular.
D) spend large amounts of time watching television.

Question 24

Generally, walking 1 mile would expend about:

A) 50 kcal.
B) 100 kcal.
C) 150 kcal.
D) 200 kcal.

Question 25

An example of behavioral therapy is:

A) adherence to a specific diet plan for 2 months.
B) avoiding sugar-sweetened beverages and foods.
C) using dietary supplements to help curb your appetite.
D) rewarding yourself by going to a movie after walking 5 times a week for a month.

Question 26

A drug that blocks production and secretion of lipase from the pancreas is:

A) benzphetamine.
B) orlistat.
C) phentermine.
D) antilipase.

Question 27

One possible side effect of treatment with orlistat is that:

A) weight loss may be too rapid.
B) it may decrease absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
C) it may be addictive.
D) it may cause constipation.

Question 28

If a diet plan results in weight loss, it is because it provides:

A) enough protein to spare lean body mass.
B) enough carbohydrate to spare lean body mass.
C) fewer calories than the client expends.
D) enough variety to hold the client's interest.

Question 29

People with prediabetes may avoid development of full-blown type 2 diabetes if they lose:

A) weight to achieve their ideal body weight.
B) 5% to 10% of their body weight.
C) 10% to 20% of their body weight.
D) at least 10 lb of essential body fat.

Question 30

Class 3 obesity is defined as BMI above:

A) 27 kg/m2.
B) 30 kg/m2.
C) 35 kg/m2.
D) 40 kg/m2.

Question 31

Weight gain occurs when:

A) calories are eaten too late in the day.
B) the diet contains a high percentage of calories from fat.
C) the diet contains a high percentage of calories from high-fructose corn syrup.
D) calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Question 32

Drugs such as benzphetamine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, and phentermine are only approved for short-term use because:

A) they may cause too much weight loss.
B) they are related to addictive amphetamines.
C) long-term use has not been studied.
D) they may cause shortness of breath.

Question 33

Drugs such as benzphetamine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, and phentermine help clients lose weight by:

A) modifying the neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
B) blocking production and secretion of lipase from the pancreas.
C) increasing basal energy expenditure.
D) modifying taste buds to reduce the preference for sweet foods.

Question 34

An example of a policy change that would modify the environment to decrease calorie intakes is:

A) making bottled water available to employees.
B) allowing people in the community to use school athletic facilities.
C) removing a vending machine filled with soft drinks from a school cafeteria.
D) offering reduced health insurance premiums for people who exercise regularly.

Question 35

In counseling overweight clients, clinical dietitians should begin with:

A) a diet plan.
B) gathering information about dietary habits.
C) information about health risks associated with overweight.
D) plans for long-term follow-up.

Question 36

Attitudes toward people who are obese tend to be:

A) negative.
B) neutral.
C) positive.
D) mixed.

Question 37

To promote weight loss, diet plans should be:

A) less than 1200 kcal/day.
B) individualized for each client.
C) low in fat.
D) low in high-fructose corn syrup.

Question 38

In order to be eligible to use weight-loss medications, an otherwise healthy individual must have a body mass index (BMI) above:

A) 27 kg/m2.
B) 30 kg/m2.
C) 35 kg/m2.
D) 40 kg/m2.

Question 39

In order to lose weight, it is most important to:

A) decrease fat intake.
B) increase protein intake.
C) decrease carbohydrate intake.
D) decrease energy intake.

Question 40

Individuals with a BMI above 40 kg/m² may be eligible for:

A) surgery for treatment of obesity.
B) use of a handicap parking sign.
C) subsidies for participation in a weight loss program.
D) reduced-cost health club memberships.

Question 41

A potential side effect of gastric bypass surgery is:

A) constipation.
B) excessive weight loss.
C) hemorrhage.
D) dumping syndrome.

Question 42

Health risks associated with being obese include:

A) sleep apnea.
B) nocturia.
C) food allergies.
D) multiple sclerosis.