Deck 5: Proteins

Question 1

An example of a plasma protein is:

A) collagen.
B) myosin.
C) albumin.
D) phospholipid.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An example of a protein is:

A) saline.
B) hemoglobin.
C) cellulose.
D) prostaglandins.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The number of different amino acids that make up human proteins is:

A) 9.
B) 13.
C) 15.
D) 20.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts are known as:

A) indispensable.
B) dispensable.
C) simple.
D) complex.

Question 5

Infections are common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of:

A) insulin.
B) lipoprotein.
C) antibodies.
D) albumin.

Question 6

A person is most likely to have a diet with good protein quality if he or she:

A) has a high protein intake.
B) consumes a variety of foods.
C) uses amino acid supplements.
D) buys high-quality meats.

Question 7

The number of amino acids that are considered indispensable or essential is:

A) 9.
B) 10.
C) 12.
D) 14.

Question 8

One of the simplest amino acids is:

A) arginine.
B) valine.
C) lysine.
D) glycine.

Question 9

The amino acids methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan play a role in:

A) forming neurotransmitters.
B) blocking excess protein breakdown.
C) increasing production of insulin and thyroxine.
D) decreasing energy expenditure.

Question 10

The element nitrogen can be found only in:

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats.
C) protein.
D) minerals.

Question 11

An important characteristic of amino acids is that they can:

A) act as buffers.
B) facilitate glucose storage.
C) regulate heartbeat.
D) control level of blood cholesterol.

Question 12

A protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the proper proportions is called:

A) simple.
B) indispensable.
C) complete.
D) complementary.

Question 13

An example of a meal or snack that contains complementary proteins is:

A) an egg and cheese omelet.
B) a peanut butter sandwich.
C) trail mix with nuts and raisins.
D) mixed bean salad with green beans, kidney beans, and white beans.

Question 14

An example of a complete protein is:

A) milk.
B) soy.
C) sesame seeds.
D) sweet potato.

Question 15

Proteins are built from simpler organic compounds called:

A) amines.
B) amino acids.
C) fatty acids.
D) carboxyl groups.

Question 16

Two amino acids are chemically joined by a:

A) double bond.
B) hydrogen bond.
C) carboxyl bond.
D) peptide bond.

Question 17

The primary function of protein in the diet is to:

A) supply energy.
B) synthesize vitamins.
C) build and repair tissue.
D) store glycogen.

Question 18

Proteins from plant sources such as grains, nuts, and legumes are classified as:

A) incomplete.
B) complete.
C) indispensable.
D) dispensable.

Question 19

The chemical structure that forms the base component of an amino acid is the:

A) carboxyl group.
B) carbon chain.
C) radicals.
D) amino group.

Question 20

The nutrient that has a protein-sparing effect is:

A) glycerol.
B) carbohydrate.
C) nitrogen.
D) fatty acids.

Question 21

A period of the life cycle during which positive nitrogen balance is most likely to occur is:

A) childhood.
B) young adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) older adulthood.

Question 22

Enzymes found in pancreatic secretions include:

A) rennin.
B) pepsin.
C) chymotrypsin.
D) casein.

Question 23

A nursing infant receives antibodies from its mother through:

A) anabolism and catabolism.
B) absorption of antibodies.
C) absorption of amino acids and synthesis of antibodies.
D) genetic inheritance.

Question 24

A plasma protein that helps maintain fluid balance is:

A) albumin.
B) fibrinogen.
C) hemoglobin.
D) collagen.

Question 25

The enzyme trypsin is activated by:

A) zymogen.
B) bile.
C) gastrin.
D) enterokinase.

Question 26

Aminopeptidase and dipeptidase are secreted by the:

A) liver.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) pancreas.

Question 27

A constant turnover of protein occurs between:

A) tissue and plasma.
B) the liver and the small intestine.
C) blood and lymph.
D) the heart and lungs.

Question 28

Ammonia and urea are waste products from the metabolism of:

A) glucose.
B) fatty acids.
C) amino acids.
D) glycerol.

Question 29

Proteins are absorbed primarily in the form of:

A) fatty acids.
B) disaccharides.
C) amino acids.
D) polypeptides.

Question 30

The type of protein-energy malnutrition that results in edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver is:

A) cachexia.
B) marasmus.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) sarcopenia.

Question 31

Amino acids are absorbed by:

A) energy-requiring transport.
B) simple diffusion.
C) pinocytosis.
D) lipoprotein carriers.

Question 32

Trypsin and chymotrypsin are secreted by the:

A) small intestine.
B) liver.
C) stomach.
D) pancreas.

Question 33

Pepsinogen secreted by the gastric cells is converted into pepsin by:

A) enterokinase.
B) hydrochloric acid.
C) gastric lipase.
D) pancreatic lipase.

Question 34

The gastric enzyme present in infants that coagulates milk is:

A) casein.
B) pepsinogen.
C) trypsin.
D) rennin.

Question 35

Branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) may be especially important for a patient with:

A) cancer-related malnutrition.
B) marasmus.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) severe depression.

Question 36

Negative nitrogen balance occurs in a(n):

A) adult who participates in a weight-training program.
B) woman who is pregnant or lactating.
C) child who is growing.
D) older adult with anorexia.

Question 37

Protein catabolism is increased in health problems such as:

A) severe burns.
B) severe obesity.
C) hypothyroidism.
D) food allergies.

Question 38

If nitrogen excretion exceeds nitrogen intake, the condition is called:

A) total nitrogen balance.
B) positive nitrogen balance.
C) negative nitrogen balance.
D) anabolism.

Question 39

The phase of metabolism that makes growth and repair possible is:

A) digestion.
B) catabolism.
C) anabolism.
D) ketosis.

Question 40

The tissue that has the highest rate of protein turnover is the:

A) skin.
B) intestinal mucosa.
C) muscle.
D) adipose tissue.

Question 41

The compounds in soy foods that have estrogen-like activity are examples of:

A) indispensable amino acids.
B) phytochemicals.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) metabolic by-products.

Question 42

A vegetarian diet in which dairy foods and eggs are included is known as:

A) lactovegetarian.
B) vegan.
C) semi-vegetarian.
D) ovolactovegetarian.

Question 43

In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:

A) indispensable.
B) dispensable.
C) complementary.
D) limiting.

Question 44

Vitamin B₁₂ is found in:

A) whole grains.
B) nuts.
C) meats.
D) legumes.

Question 45

Excessive intakes of dietary protein can:

A) cause vitamin deficiencies.
B) impair kidney function.
C) increase weight loss.
D) decrease production of indispensable amino acids.

Question 46

A food high in indispensable amino acids is:

A) lentils.
B) tofu.
C) peanuts.
D) eggs.

Question 47

The recommended dietary intake of protein for adults is:

A) 0.5 g/kg.
B) 0.8 g/kg.
C) 1.0 g/kg.
D) 1.5 g/kg.

Question 48

The group that makes each amino acid unique is the:

A) radical group.
B) amino group.
C) carboxyl group.
D) peptide bond.