Deck 6: Vitamins

Question 1

The active hormonal form of vitamin D is synthesized by the combined action of the:

A) skin, liver, and kidney.
B) gallbladder, liver, and pancreas.
C) thyroid gland, small intestine, and lymph system.
D) colonic bacteria, kidney, and adrenal gland.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A is expressed in:

A) milligrams (mg).
B) micrograms (mcg).
C) beta-carotene equivalents.
D) vitamin equivalents.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An example of a meal high in vitamin A is:

A) cheese omelet.
B) turkey sandwich.
C) beans and rice.
D) meatloaf and mashed potatoes.

Answer 3

A
Good sources of vitamin A include cheese and egg yolks. These would be found in a cheese omelet. Meat and poultry, grains, legumes, and potatoes are not good sources of vitamin A or precursor carotenoids.

Question 4

Liver stores of vitamin A are usually sufficient to last approximately:

A) 1 week.
B) 3 to 5 weeks.
C) 6 to 12 months.
D) 1 to 2 years.

Question 5

A vitamin that is essential to bone growth is vitamin:

A) D.
B) B₁₂.
C) E.
D) C.

Question 6

A factor that has significantly contributed to elimination of rickets in developed countries is:

A) an increase in outdoor activities.
B) an increase in use of sunscreens.
C) the availability of fresh produce year-round.
D) the wide use of vitamin D-fortified milk.

Question 7

The condition resulting from hypovitaminosis A that can cause blindness is known as:

A) cheilosis.
B) xerophthalmia.
C) pellagra.
D) keratinization.

Question 8

Vitamin A deficiency causes abnormal cell differentiation and results in:

A) beriberi.
B) pellagra.
C) keratinization.
D) kwashiorkor.

Question 9

The type of tissue that is most vulnerable to a vitamin A deficiency is:

A) connective.
B) nervous.
C) epithelial.
D) muscle.

Question 10

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate absorption and metabolism of:

A) iron and zinc.
B) calcium and phosphorus.
C) sodium and chloride.
D) potassium and magnesium.

Question 11

One reason it is difficult to establish recommended requirements for vitamin D is because:

A) individual exposure to sunlight varies greatly.
B) it is present in so many foods.
C) individuals store it in large quantities.
D) the amount in food varies with the season.

Question 12

Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of:

A) beta carotene.
B) retinol.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 13

The adult form of rickets is called:

A) osteoporosis.
B) osteopenia.
C) osteomalacia.
D) osteomyelitis.

Question 14

The chemical name for preformed vitamin A is:

A) beta carotene.
B) rhodopsin.
C) retinaldehyde.
D) retinol.

Question 15

The major provitamin form of vitamin A found in plant pigments is known as:

A) beta carotene.
B) chlorophyll.
C) retinoid.
D) beta xanthophyll.

Question 16

A deficiency of vitamin A in the body may result in:

A) night blindness.
B) biliary obstruction.
C) alopecia.
D) color blindness.

Question 17

A toxic level of vitamin D can result in:

A) keratinization of the skin.
B) liver damage.
C) calcification of soft tissues.
D) blindness.

Question 18

Vitamin D deficiency is most likely to occur in a child who is involved in:

A) soccer.
B) baseball.
C) gymnastics.
D) tennis.

Question 19

Rickets is caused by a deficiency of:

A) vitamin A.
B) cobalamin.
C) niacin.
D) vitamin D.

Question 20

Foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are:

A) cereal and pasta.
B) milk and margarine.
C) flour and sugar.
D) cheese and canned tuna.

Question 21

The lunch that would provide the greatest amount of vitamin C is:

A) tuna sandwich, sliced tomatoes, and strawberries.
B) hamburger, French fries, and cola beverage.
C) hot dog, milkshake, and cookies.
D) grilled cheese sandwich, pickles, and skim milk.

Question 22

An example of a food high in vitamin E is:

A) green salad with dressing made with sunflower oil.
B) guacamole made with avocado, lemon juice, and tomatoes.
C) fruit salad made with berries and melons.
D) oatmeal with raisins and honey.

Question 23

Riboflavin is important for metabolism of:

A) fat.
B) protein.
C) alcohol.
D) vitamin K.

Question 24

A body function that may be affected by a deficiency of vitamin C is:

A) bowel elimination.
B) urine formation.
C) wound healing.
D) synthesis of intrinsic factor.

Question 25

Adequate amounts of vitamin K are usually present in the body because:

A) the amount used daily varies widely.
B) large quantities are stored in muscle and bone.
C) it is widely available in all major food groups.
D) intestinal bacteria synthesize adequate supplies.

Question 26

A factor that affects a person's requirement for vitamin E is:

A) calcium intake.
B) amount of aerobic exercise.
C) intake of saturated fatty acids.
D) intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Question 27

Hemolytic anemia is treated with increased intake of vitamin:

A) A.
B) D.
C) E.
D) C.

Question 28

An example of a food high in vitamin K is:

A) seared collard greens.
B) oatmeal with raisins.
C) carrot soup.
D) bean burrito.

Question 29

An increase in dietary carbohydrate intake increases the body's need for:

A) niacin.
B) thiamin.
C) riboflavin.
D) pantothenic acid.

Question 30

The fat-soluble vitamin that is responsible for synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin:

A) A.
B) D.
C) E.
D) K.

Question 31

A health condition that may create a need for administration of vitamin K is:

A) radiation therapy.
B) antibiotic therapy.
C) a bone fracture.
D) pancreatitis.

Question 32

Body systems that may be affected by a thiamin deficiency are:

A) respiratory and urinary.
B) nervous and gastrointestinal.
C) lymphatic and endocrine.
D) epithelial and mucosal.

Question 33

A food that provides a natural food source of vitamin D is:

A) mackerel.
B) wheat germ.
C) steak.
D) margarine.

Question 34

A deficiency of vitamin C can cause:

A) scurvy.
B) pernicious anemia.
C) megaloblastic anemia.
D) beriberi.

Question 35

The chemical name for vitamin E is:

A) calciferol.
B) retinol.
C) tocopherol.
D) cholecalciferol.

Question 36

A vitamin that is easily destroyed by light and irradiation is:

A) biotin.
B) niacin.
C) riboflavin.
D) thiamin.

Question 37

Newborn babies treated with phototherapy for elevated bilirubin levels may develop a deficiency of:

A) riboflavin.
B) niacin.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin A.

Question 38

All B-complex vitamins have the function of:

A) regulating fluid balance.
B) providing body structure.
C) serving as coenzymes.
D) converting glucose into hormones.

Question 39

Vitamin E protects cellular and subcellular membranes by acting as a(n):

A) antiinflammatory agent.
B) antioxidant.
C) hemolytic agent.
D) clotting factor.

Question 40

Vitamin C helps maintain tissue integrity by:

A) neutralizing foreign proteins.
B) creating an alkaline cell environment.
C) recognizing cell boundaries.
D) forming collagen to bind cells together.

Question 41

Deficiency in folic acid intake will result in development of:

A) microcytic anemia.
B) megaloblastic anemia.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) normochromic anemia.

Question 42

Skin flushing, gastrointestinal upset, and itching may be caused by therapeutic doses of:

A) pyridoxine.
B) niacin.
C) vitamin C.
D) thiamin.

Question 43

A vitamin involved with hemoglobin formation is:

A) pyridoxine.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) thiamin.

Question 44

The period of life in which the need for folic acid is most critical is:

A) before pregnancy.
B) infancy.
C) childhood.
D) young adulthood.

Question 45

A vitamin that is used to form acetyl coenzyme A is:

A) pantothenic acid.
B) biotin.
C) niacin.
D) riboflavin.

Question 46

An example of a food that is a good source of niacin is:

A) oranges.
B) spinach.
C) pork chops.
D) rice.

Question 47

Pernicious anemia and neurologic degeneration are associated with deficiency of:

A) vitamin C.
B) folic acid.
C) vitamin B₁₂.
D) pantothenic acid.

Question 48

The food group that is the most important source of riboflavin is:

A) fresh fruits.
B) green leafy vegetables.
C) lean meats.
D) milk.

Question 49

An important metabolic function of niacin is to:

A) convert proteins to glucose for energy.
B) activate amino acids.
C) neutralize toxins from the body.
D) remove fat from the liver.

Question 50

An example of a breakfast meal high in folate is:

A) eggs and toast.
B) bacon and biscuits.
C) waffles with blueberries.
D) pancakes and orange juice.

Question 51

The best source of biotin is:

A) apples.
B) egg yolk.
C) carrots.
D) egg white.

Question 52

The amino acid that is a precursor to niacin is:

A) leucine.
B) phenylalanine.
C) tryptophan.
D) valine.

Question 53

High folate intakes may mask a deficiency of:

A) niacin.
B) thiamin.
C) vitamin B₁₂.
D) vitamin K.

Question 54

The disease associated with niacin deficiency is known as:

A) scurvy.
B) beriberi.
C) cheilosis.
D) pellagra.

Question 55

A characteristic that is unique to vitamin B₁₂ is that it requires:

A) lipids for absorption.
B) the mineral magnesium for full activity.
C) intrinsic factor for absorption.
D) an acidic intestinal environment for synthesis.

Question 56

The need for pyridoxine varies with dietary intake of:

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats.
C) protein.
D) minerals.