Deck 13: Civil Rights: Diversifying the Elite

Question 1

Which of the following is true about ethnic groups and median income since 1975?

A) White income has declined, while Hispanic and African-American income has increased.
B) Whites, Hispanics, and African-Americans have seen income rise.
C) White and Hispanic incomes have fallen while African-American income has risen.
D) African-American income has risen while White income has not.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Educational elites argue in favor of "diversity" as an institutional goal because

A) students benefit from interaction with others from different heritages.
B) universities benefit by attracting a better-quality group of students.
C) public demand in a democracy requires it.
D) All of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The NAACP was created with the goal of the

A) racial cleansing of European Americans.
B) receipt of reparations for slavery.
C) creation of a separate black state.
D) integration of blacks into the existing society.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The tacit approval of white supremacy in the South and the concession of the federal support for civil rights were a result of the

A) Compromise of 1877.
B) 14th Amendment.
C) election of Senator Jim Crow to Congress.
D) Civil Rights Act of 1875

Question 5

Desegregation was accomplished through the use of

A) court decisions.
B) violent protests.
C) laws.
D) military force.

Question 6

Segregation did not end simply because the Supreme Court ordered it, because

A) the intent of the Court was not shared by local policy-making officials.
B) the Court decision only applied to the federal government.
C) state laws were passed to invalidate the Court decision.
D) the political elites were opposed to the Court decision.

Question 7

An example of an early African-American organization that emerged from the repressive pattern of the late nineteenth century is

A) the Black Panthers.
B) the Nation of Islam.
C) the National Urban League.
D) All of the above are examples.

Question 8

Which African-American leader was a former slave who believed that an education was the key for African-American equality?

A) Thurgood Marshall
B) Booker T. Washington
C) W.E.B Dubois
D) Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 9

The equal sharing of income, jobs, and material rewards, regardless of ability, talent, initiative, or work is known as

A) equality of opportunity.
B) equality of outcome.
C) communism.
D) commiseration of the proletariat.

Question 10

The ___________________ brought about the end of racial exclusions for all minority groups.

A) Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) 14th Amendment
C) Immigration and Nationalization Act of 1965
D) 1985 Immigration Reform and Control Act

Question 11

Segregation was found to be constitutional due to the court's decision to endorse _______________.

A) equal rights
B) white rights
C) "separate but equal"
D) racism

Question 12

What Supreme Court Case allowed colleges to use affirmative action programs in the admissions process by ruling it was legal to promote "diversity"?

A) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
B) Gratz v. Bollinger
C) Grutter v. Bollinger
D) United States v. Paradise

Question 13

The provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibits discrimination in hiring is

A) Title II.
B) Title V.
C) Title VII.
D) Title IX.

Question 14

Martin Luther King's main tactic in the fight for civil rights was

A) media appearances.
B) appeal to white elites.
C) nonviolent direct action.
D) rioting and destroying property.

Question 15

Which court case ended segregation for Hispanics in public schools?

A) Mendez v. Westminster School District
B) United States v. Hopkins
C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
D) United States v. Mendez

Question 16

Which of the following conditions does the Supreme Court require to uphold affirmative action?

A) Government actions must be "narrowly tailored" to further a government interest.
B) Government actions must advance compelling government objectives.
C) Government actions that use a racial classification must be subject to "strict scrutiny."
D) All of the above are true.

Question 17

Elites respond to interest group protests by

A) making symbolic gestures to pacify active protestors.
B) ignoring them.
C) discouraging nonviolent protests.
D) applying negative labels to those interest groups.

Question 18

The largest ethnic minority group in the United States today is

A) Native Americans.
B) African Americans.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians.

Question 19

Which of the following are true regarding Congressional ethnic composition?

A) Whites and African-Americans are underrepresented.
B) Hispanics and Whites are overrepresented while African-Americans are underrepresented.
C) African-Americans are overrepresented and Hispanics are underrepresented.
D) Whites are overrepresented and Hispanics are underrepresented.

Question 20

The portion of African-American families living below the poverty line in 2010 was about

A) 20.4 percent
B) 23.1 percent
C) 24.3 percent
D) 27.1 percent

Question 21

Nationally, same-sex marriage currently

A) has strong popular support.
B) has strong support against it.
C) shows most people favor opposition to same sex marriage.
D) has public opinion split by only a few percentage points between the two sides.

Question 22

Looking at the current Congress, which of the following is true?

A) No members claim to be homosexuals.
B) Very few members claim to be homosexuals.
C) More than 10 members claim to be homosexuals.
D) More than 25 members claim to be homosexuals.

Question 23

Anti-affirmative action propositions and laws have been passed in which states?

A) California
B) Michigan
C) Washington
D) all of the above

Question 24

Today, most boards of directors of Fortune 500 corporations consist of

A) no women or minorities.
B) women and minorities making up roughly half of their directors.
C) at least two or three women and minorities among their 14 to 16 directors.
D) women and minorities as a significant portion of their 14 to 16 directors.

Question 25

The right to vote was guaranteed to former slaves with the ____________________ Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 26

The leading feminist organization today is the

A) NOW (National Organization for Women).
B) Democratic Party.
C) SCUM (Society to Cut Up Men).
D) DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution).

Question 27

The CEO of Yahoo is ____________________ and is one of the few powerful business women.

Question 28

The most support for policies regarding sexual harassment exist in American

A) businesses.
B) government agencies.
C) medical professions.
D) education.

Question 29

Traditionally female-dominated occupations, such as nursing and teaching, are known as

A) blue-collar jobs.
B) white-collar jobs.
C) pink-collar jobs.
D) lace-collar jobs.

Question 30

Regarding homosexuality, a 2009 public opinion poll indicated that

A) most people found it "morally wrong."
B) more than half thought it should be criminalized.
C) most said it was not "morally wrong" or "not a moral issue."
D) All of the above are true.

Question 31

The proportion of married women who are in the workforce today is about

A) 40 percent.
B) 50 percent.
C) 60 percent.
D) 70 percent.

Question 32

By 2012, _______________________ states had female governors.

A) no
B) two
C) six
D) twelve

Question 33

Whites are overrepresented and most minority groups are ______________________in Congress.

Question 34

What Supreme Court case rendered the Defense of Marriage Act insignificant?

A) United States v. Winsor
B) Lawrence v. Texas
C) Bowers v. Hardwick
D) Studds v. GLAAD

Question 35

The earnings gap between men and women is not considered to be direct discrimination because

A) women in the same job with similar skills and experience as men are generally paid the same.
B) it is a result of a division in the labor market.
C) historically, there has been lower pay for "women's" jobs.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 36

The "due process" clause is found in the ________________________.

Question 37

Currently, women occupy how many seats in the House of Representatives?

A) 12
B) 78
C) 20
D) 54

Question 38

The largest ethnic minority in the United States today is___________________.

Question 39

Title IX of the Education Act Amendments of 1972 bars discrimination in

A) employment.
B) college athletics.
C) class composition.
D) pay for equal work.

Question 40

In 2010-2012, what little job growth took place saw most of the jobs go to

A) Hispanics.
B) Whites and African Americans
C) men.
D) women.

Question 41

_______________ is considered the one of the major barriers to the progress of women in the workforce.

Question 42

The "separate but equal" doctrine was overturned by the Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson.

Question 43

Before the year ______, the U.S. Census Bureau did not allow respondents to choose more than one racial category; however, they would be included in the least empowered group.

Question 44

Martin Luther King, Jr. was the youngest person to win the _____________________ based on his contributions via civil disobedience.

Question 45

The largest ethnic minority in the U.S. today is African Americans.

Question 46

In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court upheld state laws requiring segregation.

Question 47

A university's special admissions program was struck down in the key 1978 case of ____________________.

Question 48

____________________ refers to the proportionally equal of sharing of income, jobs, and material rewards, regardless of ability, talent, initiative, work, or luck.

Question 49

Protest movements either succeed or fail based on their ability to establish effective organizations.

Question 50

The idea of allowing for preferential or compensatory treatment to overcome the results of past discrimination is called ____________________.

Question 51

The Supreme Court case of ____________________ overturned the principle of "separate but equal".

Question 52

____________________ portrays men as being largely unaware of the devaluation and repression in women's experience.

Question 53

Redistricting that results in a majority-minority shaped district was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Shaw v. Reno.

Question 54

The search for equality of opportunity has been replaced, in many ways, with the search for equality of ____________________.

Question 55

In 2003, the Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v. Texas ____________________ all laws banning homosexual intercourse.

Question 56

On average, women will earn roughly ____________ of a man's salary.

Question 57

The American Dilemma states that Americans have a commitment to abstract ideal with substantially less commitment to their practice.

Question 58

The Montgomery bus boycott came as a result of a woman named ____________________, who refused to move to a seat at the back of a public bus.

Question 59

The organization created by Martin Luther King to promote civil rights was the ____________________.

Question 60

The _____ Amendment in the year_________ guaranteed the women the right to vote.

Question 61

The prohibition of interracial marriage was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1967 in the case of Loving v. Virginia.

Question 62

When specifically designed as a remedy for past discrimination, the Supreme Court has approved affirmative action.

Question 63

Thurgood Marshall was one of the Little Rock "9" and later went on to become a Supreme Court Justice.

Question 64

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlawed segregation by privately owned businesses offering to serve the public.

Question 65

"Operation Wetback" was a Border Patrol operation to repatriate illegal Mexican immigrants back to Mexico - over a million people were returned to Mexico.

Question 66

Today, on average, women earn about 80 percent of what men do.

Question 67

Since 1975, the median family income has risen and the poverty rate has declined.

Question 68

Explain the reasoning for why women make less money than men. Be specific in your answer.

Question 69

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 just barely passed in the House of Representatives.

Question 70

Brown v. Board of Education is the Supreme Court case that overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine by segregating schools.

Question 71

Why has it been the Supreme Court and not the other two branches of government that have been at the forefront of civil rights changes?

Question 72

The constitutional question posed by affirmative action programs is whether they discriminate against whites in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 73

When affirmative action includes preferences over better qualified non-minorities, pubic support falters.

Question 74

The 1952 McCarran-Walter Act removed all racial restrictions on citizenship but only for African-Americans.

Question 75

Nationally, most people believe that homosexuality is a moral issue and is morally wrong.

Question 76

Discuss the differences between the types of feminism and which theory of feminism is the most accurate in describing American society today.

Question 77

Does gender inequality exist in the United States today? Explain why or why not you believe it exists.

Question 78

The majority of whites saw President Obama as biracial or multiracial, while the majority of African-Americans saw him as African-American.

Question 79

Civil rights in the South were surrendered after 1877 as a result of a deal to resolve a disputed election.

Question 80

There is no doubt that affirmative action programs are controversial. Do you think they are constitutional? Explain your answer using the Supreme Court decisions.