Deck 3: Community Corrections: Diversion and Probation

Question 1

Which of the following is not a feature of probation?

A)prison time
B)drug testing
C)payment of fees
D)regular employment

Answer 1

A

Question 2

About ____________________ of all probationers are felons.

A)one fourth
B)one third
C)one half
D)two thirds

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs?

A)CCAs are created by each state's Supreme Court.
B)CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery.
C)CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play.
D)CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a goal of diversion today?

A)Avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration
B)Providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from
C)Dealing with the punitively oriented alternative
D)Providing a "more justifying justice" for victims and communities

Question 5

Probation began in 1841 with the volunteer services of:

A)Howard
B)Manconochie
C)Bentham
D)Augustus

Question 6

Historically, diversion programs were used for:

A)first time or youthful offenders
B)those suspected of minor offenses
C)mentally disordered offenders
D)all of these

Question 7

What is the practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state?

A)banishment
B)judicial reprieve
C)probation
D)recognizance

Question 8

White males make up about _____ of the adults on probation.

A)half
B)one quarter
C)three quarters
D)two thirds

Question 9

The state based acts through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the:

A)Community Shares Act
B)Intergovernmental Agreement Act
C)Community Corrections Act
D)Local Community Crimes-based Act

Question 10

An alternative to institutional placement is:

A)community-based programs
B)banishment
C)the detention center
D)the reformatory

Question 11

Why are so many probationers HIV positive?

A)High rates of injection drug use
B)risky sexual behavior
C)both a and b
D)none of these

Question 12

What jurisdiction was the first to implement probation as a form of criminal sanction?

A)Georgia
B)California
C)Massachusetts
D)Texas

Question 13

The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was:

A)probation
B)restitution
C)Prison
D)Jail

Question 14

If the rules of probation are not followed by the probationer, probation can be:

A)extended
B)changed to include harsher rules
C)revoked
D)all of these choices

Question 15

Which of the following is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system?

A)BASC
B)DASC
C)MASC
D)TASC

Question 16

What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?

A)Absolute diversion
B)Real diversion
C)Statutory diversion
D)True diversion

Question 17

Probation sentences are for:

A)an unlimited time
B)a fixed period
C)all misdemeanants
D)a time set by the probation officer

Question 18

The philosophy driving community-based corrections is:

A)rehabilitation
B)reintegrative
C)restitution
D)reactive

Question 19

Mediation is the basis for:

A)deferred prosecution
B)discovery
C)diversion
D)dispute resolution programs

Question 20

A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as:

A)Drug Abuse Alternatives
B)Addiction Recovery Program
C)Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime
D)Safe House Recovery Program

Question 21

Case 3-1
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. Here he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones is also surprised to learn about the reasons why people are on probation. If Governor Jones' state is similar to national statistics, what offense have the largest percentage of probationers been convicted of?

A)Drug law offenses
B)Property offenses
C)Public order offenses
D)Violent offenses

Question 22

A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a:

A)bench probation
B)deferred sentence
C)shock probation
D)split probation

Question 23

A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is:

A)deferred probation
B)bench probation
C)split probation
D)shock probation

Question 24

The U.S. has approximately ________ adult probation agencies.

A)500
B)2000
C)1200
D)1000

Question 25

Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP) was started in:

A)Georgia
B)California
C)New York
D)Florida

Question 26

In ____________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant.

A)Mempa v Rhay
B)Griffin v Wisconsin
C)Gagnon v Scarpelli
D)Gardiner v Florida

Question 27

A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is:

A)shock probation
B)deferred probation
C)split probation
D)bench probation

Question 28

A report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI. This means:

A)Post Sentencing Inquiry
B)Pre-release System Interrogatory
C)Pre-Sentence Investigation
D)Pre-Selected Investigation

Question 29

Recidivism rises as probation caseload size _______.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains static
D)none of these choices

Question 30

Disclosure of PSI to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by the U.S. Supreme Court case:

A)U.S. v Knights
B)Beardon v Georgia
C)Morissey v Brewer
D)Gardiner v Florida

Question 31

Case 3-1
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. Here he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones believes that offenders should have their criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of their required programs. This is known as ________ diversion.

A)absolute
B)real
C)static
D)True

Question 32

Case 3-1
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. Here he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones is impressed by Minnesota's community oriented corrections. He wants to implement many of the same policies when he returns to his state. Which of the following would most likely not be part of a community corrections act if Governor Jones would use existing CCAs as a template for his new legislation?

A)The law would be judicially authorized.
B)There would be a decentralized program design and delivery.
C)The CCA would be authorized statewide.
D)The CCA would provide for citizen involvement.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a current trend in probation?

A)Attention will continue to be paid to substance abusers.
B)Efficiency and accountability will continue to be demanded of probation departments.
C)Community partnerships will be used less frequently.
D)Performance indicators will be used to reveal whether probation is doing its job.

Question 34

Case 3-1
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. Here he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the head probation officials. He wants to discuss the probation population. Governor Jones is surprised to learn that many of the individuals on probation in his state are representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are:

A)African American females
B)African American males
C)Hispanic males
D)White males

Question 35

Research shows that risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ___________ percent.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)50

Question 36

A motion suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is:

A)shock probation
B)bench probation
C)deferred probation
D)split probation

Question 37

Which of the following is not one of the features of "the new penology?"

A)It conceives of crime as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy as a problem of actuarial risk management.
B)It embraces the objective of risk management and the management of the system itself.
C)Techniques of profiling and screening are used as ways of improving control over penal agents and subjects.
D)It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents.

Question 38

During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a:

A)Rehabilitation Management System
B)Reformation Management System
C)Risk Management System
D)Strategic Management System

Question 39

In evaluations of ISP programs, the amount of criminal offending:

A)increased
B)declined
C)doubled
D)did not change

Question 40

Case 3-1
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. Here he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones is also an advocate of diversion programs. Which of the following would not be a goal of a diversion program?

A)Avoid the harsh impacts of incarceration.
B)Scare people first with incarceration and then place them on probation.
C)Provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from.
D)Deals with the economic and social factors associated with crime.

Question 41

Gender appears to affect probationer's effectiveness.

Question 42

Case 3-2
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for one year.
One of the conditions of Jack's probation is that he pays back the victim of his burglary the amount of loss and damage that he caused. What is this payment called?

A)community service
B)fine
C)retribution
D)restitution

Question 43

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that probationers are entitled to the same constitutional protections as other citizens.

Question 44

Assignment of probation to the executive branch on a statewide basis allows for uniform standards of policy making.

Question 45

Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process.

Question 46

Case 3-2
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for one year.
Before he was placed on probation, a presentence investigation report was prepared. Who was responsible for preparing this report?
a.judge
b.jury
c.probation officer
d.victim

Question 47

Today, all states utilize private probation services of low-risk offenders.

Question 48

Case 3-2
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for one year.
In Jack's case who had the final approval in the decision of probation?

A)judge
B)jury
C)probation officer
D)victim

Question 49

Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor.

Question 50

In most states, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation.

Question 51

Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing.

Question 52

The TASC program was designed to divert drug dealers away from the criminal justice system.

Question 53

Case 3-2
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for one year.
Why would Jack have been placed in the TASC program last year?

A)Jack was abusive to his wife.
B)Jack was a child molester.
C)Jack was a drug abuser.
D)Jack was a shop lifter.

Question 54

Probation is used only with petty offenders.

Question 55

In some states, juries may also recommend probation if the case meets legally regulated criteria.

Question 56

One of the major purposes of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options.

Question 57

Case 3-2
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for one year.
In the state where Jack will be serving his probation there is a local administered probation department. Despite the fact that probation is a local responsibility here, which of the following is the state still accountable for?

A)providing financial support
B)setting standards
C)arranging training courses
D)all of these

Question 58

Most diversionary interventions take place prior to trial.

Question 59

Revocation of probation because of a new crime is referred to as a technical violation.

Question 60

A risk management correctional system is more focused on providing treatment services for offenders than regulating or controlling them.

Question 61

Under ____________________________, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services.

Question 62

A violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime can result in _____________________ of probation.

Question 63

____________________was designed to penalizes sex offenders by requiring registration with local law enforcement agencies.

Question 64

A _____________________________occurs when a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as not meeting with your probation officer.

Question 65

A ________________________________ requires an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community.

Question 66

State-based acts that subsidize diversion of minor offender from state prisons are ____________________.

Question 67

There are more than 4,000,000 ________________ on probation in the U.S.

Question 68

_______________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.

Question 69

Financial _____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a pubic fund for victims of crime.

Question 70

Discuss the probation population in the United States today. Specifically, discuss who is more likely to be on probation, what offenses are probationers more likely to have committed and what states have the majority of probationers?

Question 71

In _________________________, the Court ruled that a judge cannot revoke a defendant's probation for failure to pay a fine and make restitution.

Question 72

Mediation programs designed to keep minor conflicts between criminals out of court are called ____________________programs.

Question 73

What are the goals of diversion programs?

Question 74

Explain Community Corrections Acts and their common characteristics.

Question 75

A ____________________is when judges were allowed to suspend punishment so offenders could seek a pardon or gather evidence that they were reformed.

Question 76

Discuss the TASC Program.

Question 77

Discuss Feeley and Simon's "new penology."

Question 78

The basic functions of a probation officer's job include supervision, investigation and ____________________.

Question 79

_______________________________ is a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her probation term.

Question 80

A __________________________ helps the court decide whether to grant probation and to determine the conditions of probation.