Deck 10: Violent Crime: Personal and Political

Question 1

When Diane Whipple died after being attacked by two large dogs in the hallway of her apartment building, one of the dogs' owners was convicted of manslaughter based on the legal principle of:

A)deliberate awareness.
B)deliberate premeditation.
C)deliberate indifference.
D)deliberate malice.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Women are often victimized by their intimate partners, whether in married or dating relationships. How many high school girls are estimated to experience sexual or physical violence from a boyfriend?

A)one in thirty
B)one in twenty
C)one in ten
D)one in five

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In their study of homicide, Kubrin and Weitzer found that when police and other agencies of formal social control are seen as ___________ some people are willing to take the law into their own hands and commit what the researchers called a "cultural retaliatory homicide."

A)oppressive and demanding
B)biased and discriminatory
C)cultural and combative
D)weak and devalued

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by
Instinctual drives. ____ is the death instinct that is sometimes expressed externally as violence or internally as suicide and alcoholism.

A)Hostility
B)Eros
C)Narcissism
D)Thanatos

Question 5

One type of interpersonal violence is child abuse. Which age group suffers the highest rate of child abuse victimization?

A)children in the age group of birth to one year old
B)children in the age group of two to four years old
C)children in the age group of six to eight years old
D)children in the age group of ten to twelve years old

Question 6

The Uniform Crime Report indicates that __________ of all murders and about two-fifths of all robberies involve firearms.

A)a third
B)two-thirds
C)half
D)a quarter

Question 7

Unlike any other crime, in a rape case it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that no question of ____ exists.

A)consensual influence
B)voluntary manipulation
C)consensual authority
D)voluntary compliance

Question 8

According to Groth, every rape encounter contains at least one of three elements - anger, power, or:

A)manipulation.
B)sadism.
C)resentment.
D)consent.

Question 9

In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of ______ - laws that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.

A)immunity laws
B)shield laws
C)protection laws
D)exemption laws

Question 10

Children exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment may adopt violent methods themselves. Which children are most likely to engage in violent behavior?

A)children exposed to a single act of gun violence
B)children exposed to violence in the home
C)children exposed to violence in the home and who live in a neighborhood with high violence rates
D)children living in areas marked by extreme violence.

Question 11

Ineffective families have been linked to persistent violent offending. Which is not a factor characteristic of an ineffective family?

A)parental involvement
B)inconsistent discipline
C)lack of supervision
D)physical abuse

Question 12

The common law definition of rape derives from the Latin word rapere meaning ______ and is defined as "the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will."

A)to take by right
B)to take by force
C)to take by surprise
D)to take by compulsion

Question 13

Diana Russel's concept of the virility mystique reflects which causal factor of why men commit rape?

A)male socialization
B)psychological abnormality
C)social learning
D)evolution

Question 14

Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished more severely than those who commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this so?

A)Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury to the victim.
B)Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the "target community."
C)Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens.
D)Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons.

Question 15

First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after _______ and deliberation.

A)premeditation
B)anger
C)planning
D)malice

Question 16

Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for:

A)excitement
B)power
C)cash
D)control

Question 17

Research indicates a variety of facts about murder. Which of the following
Murder facts is inaccurate?

A)Over 40% of murders in which the attacker can be identified involved an intimate partner.
B)Over the last decade, the number of stranger murders has decreased.
C)Most murders occur among people who are acquainted.
D)Three-strikes laws may encourage criminals to kill while committing burglaries and robberies.

Question 18

In 2007, the FBI recorded 7,700 hate crime incidents that involved 9,500 victims. Most of these hate crime incidents were motivated by:

A)sexual orientation.
B)ethnicity.
C)religion.
D)race.

Question 19

A number of research studies have been focused on armed robbers. What do these studies indicate?

A)Unlike other violent crimes, the robbery rate has held stable over the past decade.
B)Robbers are rational decision makers who look for easy prey.
C)Southwestern states have the highest robbery rates.
D)Like other violent, personal crimes, robberies seem to peak during summer months.

Question 20

Personal traits can account for violent behavior. Psychologist Dorothy Ottnow Lewis found that murderous youths often suffer signs of:

A)genetic impairments.
B)intellectual dysfunction.
C)neurological impairments.
D)personality disorders.

Question 21

In cases of spousal abuse, physical abuse is commonly accompanied by mental abuse and coercion that can have long term damaging psychological effects.

Question 22

Absent or deviant parents and inconsistent discipline have been linked to persistent violent offending.

Question 23

In 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the validity of shield laws and ruled that excluding evidence of a prior sexual relationship between the parties violates a defendant's right to a fair trial.

Question 24

Female armed robbers tend to select vulnerable male targets who are not likely to resist.

Question 25

According to the alienation view of terrorist motivation, terrorists are relatively "ordinary" people who believe that a suicide mission will:

A)fulfill their call to Jihad.
B)publicly exhibit their hatred of infidels.
C)guarantee their afterlife.
D)cleanse them of the corruption of the modern world.

Question 26

Assault requires no actual touching, but involves either attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed.

Question 27

One view of terrorist motivation is that terrorists are emotionally disturbed individuals who act out their psychosis within the confines of violent groups. What did mental health expert Randy Borum conclude about this view?

A)Terrorists are mentally disturbed people easily lured into violence.
B)Mental illness is not a critical factor in explaining terrorist behavior.
C)Histories of childhood abuse and trauma help to explain terrorism.
D)There is a "terrorist personality" marked by psychological abnormalities.

Question 28

African Americans comprise 20% of all serial murders but their involvement is masked because the media rarely focuses on black multiple murderers.

Question 29

Workplace violence is the third leading cause of occupational injury or death. Who is the typical offender in incidents of workplace violence?

A)a middle-aged white male facing termination
B)a middle-aged white female facing termination
C)a middle-aged black female facing termination
D)a middle-aged black male facing termination

Question 30

Hamas and Hezbollah are examples of ____ terrorist groups - terrorists that promote the interests of a minority, ethnic, or religious group that believes it has been persecuted under majority rule and wishes to carve out its own independent homeland.

A)political
B)cause-based
C)nationalist
D)revolutionary

Question 31

Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity.

Question 32

____ are typically located in rural areas and attack military, police, and
Government targets in an effort to unseat or replace the existing government.

A)terrorists
B)revolutionaries
C)insurgents
D)guerillas

Question 33

Not all workplace violence is triggered by management-induced injustice.

Question 34

Some individuals see it as their duty to rid the world of evil. These individuals often engage in reactive hate crimes.

Question 35

Voluntary or nonnegligent manslaughter refers to a killing committed in the heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel that provoked violence.

Question 36

_____ and the use of government troops to destroy political opposition parties are often associated with Latin American political terrorism.

A)Organized crime
B)Death squads
C)Police
D)Guerillas

Question 37

Which type of terrorism uses violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views?

A)revolutionary terrorism
B)political terrorism
C)nationalist terrorism
D)cause-based terrorism

Question 38

This term began to be used during the Iraq war and described the forces opposed to American involvement. Members are typically organized into covert groups who engage in organized campaigns of extreme violence.

A)terrorists
B)revolutionaries
C)insurgents
D)guerillas

Question 39

In response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, creating a ________ who was charged with coordinating data from the nation's primary intelligence-gathering agencies.

A)Director of Homeland Security
B)Director of National Intelligence
C)Director of Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
D)Director Emergency Preparedness and Response

Question 40

According to Graham Allison in his book Nuclear Terrorism, what percentage of the 50,000 daily cargo containers to the United States are screened?

A)less than 5%
B)25%
C)50%
D)over 75%

Question 41

There are different levels or degrees of homicide. Discuss these degrees, using examples from the chapter to illustrate your discussion.

Question 42

Terrorism is most often used as an all-encompassing term but a number of specific types of terrorism exist. Identify and describe four different forms of terrorism.

Question 43

Armed robbery is one category of robbery focused on in your text. What does research indicate about the nature of armed robbery?

Question 44

Discuss the impact of the USA Patriot Act, including the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the agencies reporting to the DNI.

Question 45

The terms terrorist, revolutionary, insurgent, and guerilla are often confused and misunderstood. Define and discuss these terms.

Question 46

A number of causal factors contribute to violent crime. Identify and discuss those causal factors.

Question 47

The USA Patriot Act was passed to allow law enforcement agencies greater latitude in fighting terrorism.

Question 48

Political terrorism occurs when a repressive governmental regime forces its citizens into obedience, oppresses minorities, and stifles political dissent.

Question 49

Discuss the issues of consent and past sexual history as they pertain to rape cases and explain why these issues are legally problematic.

Question 50

Stalking cases are often dropped by the courts despite the fact that stalkers often have extensive criminal histories and are frequently the subject of protective orders.

Question 51

When insurgents use violence, it is designed to inspire support and gain converts while at the same time destroying the government's ability to resist.

Question 52

Rape is one of the most misunderstood and feared crimes. Identify and discuss the causal factors that explain why men commit rape.

Question 53

There is no "terrorist personality," nor is there any accurate psychological profile of a terrorist.

Question 54

Identify and discuss the primary motivations of terrorists.

Question 55

Hate or bias crimes are an emerging form of interpersonal violence. Discuss the categories of hate crime that exist providing examples of each.