Deck 12: Enterprise Crime: White-Collar Crime, Cyber Crime, and Organized Crime

Question 1

"Ping-ponging, "gang visits," and "steering" are forms of which type of white-collar crime?

A)blue-collar fraud
B)management fraud
C)securities fraud
D)health care fraud

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which is NOT a reason why cyber crime is particularly challenging?

A)Because cyber crime is difficult to detect through law enforcement channels.
B)Because cyber crime is rapidly evolving.
C)Because cyber crime limits the geographic location of victims.
D)Because cyber crime allows criminals to operate more efficiently and effectively.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to the _______view, some business organizations promote white-collar criminality in the same way that lower-class culture encourages the development of juvenile gangs and street crimes.

A)corporate greed
B)rationalization/neutralization
C)corporate culture
D)self-control

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What percentage of websites offering drugs for sale require no prescription from a patient's physician?

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 5

A pyramid scheme is one type of ______ whereby people use their institutional or business position to trick others out of their money.

A)corporate crime
B)white-collar fraud
C)financial chiseling
D)employee fraud

Question 6

__________ involves illegal activities of people and institutions whose acknowledged purpose is profit through legitimate business transactions.

A)Organized crime
B)Enterprise crime
C)White-collar crime
D)Cyber crime

Question 7

One form of _____ involves "payola"- record companies paying radio stations to play songs without making listeners aware of the bribes.

A)pilferage
B)management fraud
C)influence peddling
D)tying arrangement

Question 8

What is the minimum dollar amount necessary before fraud exists in the crime of tax evasion?

A)$100
B)$1,000
C)$10,000
D)There is no minimum dollar amount.

Question 9

Your friend committed a _________ when he flooded an internet site with emails and made the website "crash" because the company refused to pay him a bribe.

A)denial-of-service attack
B)manipulation-of-service attack
C)"one-off-kamikaze" attack
D)phishing attack

Question 10

The IT revolution has revitalized the porn industry. What do we know about adult entertainment on the web?

A)It is difficult to estimate the number of web sites featuring sexual content.
B)The number of pornography web pages has soared during the past six years.
C)The number of visits to porn sites surpasses those made to Internet search engines.
D)All of these things are known about adult entertainment on the web.

Question 11

Your friend has listed an item for sale online that he does not possess. He "sells" the item and keeps the money. What cyber crime has your friend committed?

A)phishing
B)"cracking"
C)warez fraud
D)etailing fraud.

Question 12

Bernard Madoff has been referred to as the greatest ____ of all time.

A)influence peddler
B)pilferer
C)exploiter
D)financial chiseler

Question 13

Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson claim white-collar crime is relatively rare because, as a matter of course, business executives tend to hire people with:

A)business experience.
B)self-control.
C)strong morals.
D)cultural values.

Question 14

In the late 1930s, the distinguished criminologist __________ first used the phrase "white-collar crime" to describe the criminal activities of the rich and powerful.

A)Cesare Lombroso
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Edwin Lemert
D)Edwin Sutherland

Question 15

While power in traditional bullying is the result of physical (stature) or social
(competency or popularity) factors, power in cyber bullying stems from:

A)physical distance
B)fear
C)net proficiency
D)manipulation

Question 16

Pharmacists have been known to alter prescriptions or substitute low-cost generic drugs for more expensive name brands. This is an example of which category of white-collar crime?

A)professional chiseling
B)churning
C)employee fraud
D)influence peddling

Question 17

White-collar crime, cyber crime, and organized crime are linked because they
Involve:

A)twisting the legal rules of commercial enterprise for criminal purposes.
B)traditional racketeering practices.
C)investigation and control by federal enforcement agencies.
D)recruiting new members via legitimate employment agencies.

Question 18

Crimes of the marketplace are referred to as _____ crime and include white-collar crime, cyber crime and organized crime.

A)venture
B)enterprise
C)business
D)industry

Question 19

In 1907, sociologist E. A. Ross described the "criminaloid:" a business leader who, while enjoying immunity from the law, victimized an unsuspecting public. Today, Ross's criminaloid refers to one who commits

A)influence peddling.
B)securities fraud.
C)corporate crime.
D)tax evasion.

Question 20

In his research on fraud, Cressey found that the ________ view allowed professionals to excuse their criminal behavior since, "All people steal when they get in a tight spot."

A)corporate greed
B)rationalization/neutralization
C)corporate culture
D)self-control

Question 21

Which is NOT a general characteristic of organized crime?

A)Organized crime is conspiratorial activity.
B)Organized crime has economic gain as its primary goal.
C)Organized crime is synonymous with the Mafia.
D)Organized crime does not include terrorists dedicated to political change.

Question 22

The evolution of organized crime has led to the _____, a FBI investigation tool that focuses on criminal enterprise and investigates the structure of criminal
Enterprise groups.

A)RICO theory of investigation
B)formation theory of investigation
C)enterprise theory of investigation
D)Mafia theory of investigation

Question 23

Cyber crime presents a compelling challenge because it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels.

Question 24

While the number of pornography web pages has soared in the past six years, the number of "hits" or visits to search engines still surpasses the number of visits to pornographic websites.

Question 25

Cyber criminals who engage in cyber vandalism are often motivated by:

A)revenge.
B)greed.
C)profit.
D)Cyber vandals are not motivated by any of these factors.

Question 26

______ organized crime groups are believed to be the main purveyors of credit card fraud in the United States.

A)Russian
B)Japanese
C)Chinese
D)Vietnamese

Question 27

Enterprise crimes taint and corrupt the free market system.

Question 28

Pilferage refers to efforts of organized groups to download and sell copyrighted software in violation of the software's licensing.

Question 29

Payola is a form of influence peddling in business.

Question 30

Some identity theft thieves create emails that look legitimate but are designed to gain access to a victim's personal information. This is a/an _________ scheme.

A)etailing
B)phishing
C)slamming
D)hooking

Question 31

Which factor has NOT contributed to the alleged erosion of Mafia power in the United States?

A)the skilled younger generation of mob leaders
B)the aging of reigning mob leaders
C)government enforcement policies
D)changing values in U.S. society

Question 32

The rationalization/neutralization view can be used to explain the collapse of Enron.

Question 33

Losses from enterprise crime far outstrip those of any other type of crime.

Question 34

The _________ is the view that organized crime is a direct offshoot of a criminal society - the Mafia - that first originated in Italy and Sicily.

A)European conspiracy theory
B)ethnic conspiracy theory
C)Mafia conspiracy theory
D)alien conspiracy theory

Question 35

Exploiters force victims to pay for services to which victims have no clear right.

Question 36

What is the difference between a computer worm and a Trojan horse?

A)Trojan horses self-replicate, computer worms do not.
B)Computer worms self-replicate, Trojan horses do not.
C)Trojan horses deface websites, computer worms do not.
D)Computer worms deface websites, Trojan horses do not.

Question 37

When someone illegally obtains software and then "cracks" or "rips" it and posts it on the Internet for others to use, the resulting pirated software is called

A)"split."
B)"warez."
C)"slash."
D)"ripez."

Question 38

One important contemporary change in organized crime is

A)the degree of violence being used.
B)the use of the Internet to support criminal activities.
C)the declining involvement in drug trafficking.
D)the interweaving of ethnic groups into the traditional structure.

Question 39

Organizational or corporate crime involves illegal business practices such as price fixing, restraint of trade, and false advertising.

Question 40

Hirschi and Gottfredson have collected data showing that the demographic distribution of white-collar crime is similar to other crimes.

Question 41

Phishing emails and websites have become greater problems because cyber criminals can easily copy brand names and corporate insignia into their emails and websites.

Question 42

Why is cyber crime a compelling challenge to criminologists and law enforcement entities?

Question 43

Discuss how identity theft occurs and the mechanisms used to steal one's identity.

Question 44

Identify and describe the various forms of cyber vandalism.

Question 45

Some criminologists view the alien conspiracy theory as a figment of the media's imagination.

Question 46

Which of the three causal theories of white-collar crime best explains the Enron scandal and why?

Question 47

What has been the Internet's impact on the pornography industry and why?

Question 48

Using examples of both types of cyber crimes, discuss and compare the motivations of criminals engaged in acts of cyber theft and cyber vandalism.

Question 49

Organized crime has become multi-ethnic and now includes Asian, Latin, and European groups.

Question 50

Power in cyber bullying is achieved through social competency and popularity.

Question 51

Describe the process of Internet-based copyright infringement.

Question 52

Identify and discuss the three major areas of enterprise crime.

Question 53

Organized crime has evolved since the "traditional days" of the Mafia. Discuss how and why organized crime has changed. What does contemporary organized crime "look like?"

Question 54

Discuss and provide examples of employee fraud, management fraud, and client fraud.

Question 55

Computer voyeurism involves cyber vandals bent on destroying computer security systems because they believe in a philosophy of open access to systems and programs.