Deck 14: Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison

Question 1

According to statistics released in 2012 of inmates recently discharged from prison, what proportion of inmates had been sexually victimized by a guard or inmate

A)1 in 10
B)3 in 10
C)5 in 10
D)8 in 10

Answer 1

A

Question 2

With regard to the inmate code, an individual who uses the code as his personal behavior guide is known as a:

A)Rat
B)True con
C)Right guy
D)Rabbit

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The first faith-based prison was established in which state in 2003

A)Tennessee
B)Vermont
C)Florida
D)Kentucky

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An unwritten code of behavior, passed from older inmates to younger ones, that serves as a guideline for appropriate inmate behavior is called:

A)Inmate social code.
B)Inmate subculture.
C)Prisonization.
D)Inmate cipher.

Question 5

Assimilation into the separate culture of prison is known as:

A)Inmate social code
B)Prisonization
C)Inmate code
D)Inmate induction

Question 6

Rehabilitation programs drastically changed after the 1970s release of the Martinson Report, which stated that in regard to rehabilitation programs:

A)"We need change."
B)"Nothing works."
C)"They're a complete success."
D)"Corruption is rampant."

Question 7

One of the most detailed characterizations of prison life was delivered by inmate-turned-author James A. Paluch, Jr., who referred to prisons as:

A)Death traps.
B)Cold coffins.
C)Cesspools.
D)Double victimization.

Question 8

A common practice found often in female prisons but not as often in male prisons is the process of self-mutilation known as:

A)Cutting.
B)Carving.
C)Sculpting.
D)Slicing.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correctional policy that stipulates that prisons are meant to punish, not coddle, inmates

A)No frills policy
B)Hard-hitting corrections
C)Robust rehabilitation
D)Stringent sentencing

Question 10

Federal legislation that allowed prison-made goods to be sold across state lines if the projects complied with strict rules, such as preventing undercutting the existing structure, was called the:

A)Federal Lautenberg Act.
B)Free Enterprise Act.
C)Percy Amendment.
D)Hiro Amendment.

Question 11

The federal prison industries are more widely known as:

A)UNICEF.
B)UNICOR.
C)UFPIP.
D)NEXTOR.

Question 12

Inmates who may not be able to defend themselves and are often beaten or raped are known as:

A)Rats.
B)Punks.
C)Crow.
D)Rollie.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the top three reasons institutions experience high rates of sexual coercion

A)Lenient security
B)Barrack-style housing
C)Direct-style pod housing
D)Large prison populations

Question 14

Which of the following is the loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its own norms, rules, and language

A)Inmate social code
B)Inmate subculture
C)Prisonization code
D)Inmate cipher

Question 15

Which type of program uses a psychosocial, experiential learning process that relies on positive peer pressure within a highly structured social environment

A)Drug resistance education programs
B)Therapeutic communities
C)Remedial drug communities
D)Medicinal communities

Question 16

Before inmates are sent to prison, they must first go through a battery of psychological and personality tests in a process known as:

A)Cataloging.
B)Divisional placement.
C)Correctional clutching.
D)Classification.

Question 17

In which 1964 case did the Supreme Court rule that inmates who were being denied the right to practice religion were entitled to legal redress

A)Cooper v. Pate
B)Henry v. Erbacher
C)Shotinstein v. Breckingridge
D)O'Lone v. Sancomb

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of regimented, dehumanizing institution, in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation, cut off from the world at large

A)Total institution
B)Complete prison
C)Extensive incapacitation
D)Inclusive institute

Question 19

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold Alabama's refusal to hire female correctional officers at male institutions on the grounds that it would put them in significant danger

A)Myers v. Lee
B)Fairchild v. Livingston
C)Dothard v. Rawlinson
D)Kapchuk v. Orsagos

Question 20

Although most prisons are classified as medium-security prisons, more than half of all inmates are held in ____________________ institutions.

A)Minimum-security
B)Maximum-security
C)Super-maximum-security
D)Drug rehabilitation

Question 21

CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Using the argument that the correctional facility's denial of his right to be tested for HIV constituted cruel and unusual punishment, which Amendment did the inmate use as a basis for a lawsuit

A)First Amendment
B)Fourth Amendment
C)Seventh Amendment
D)Eighth Amendment

Question 22

According to which theory does rioting and other forms of collective violence occur in response to poor quality management styles

A)Administrative-control theory
B)Inmate-balance theory
C)Prison overcrowding theory
D)Inmate deterrence perspective

Question 23

Which of the following are substantive rights

A)Access to the courts, legal service, and materials
B)Freedom of the press
C)Freedom of religion
D)All of these are substantive rights

Question 24

Which of the following is not an element of the inmate code

A)Don't interfere with inmates' interests.
B)Don't lose your head.
C)Don't talk to the guards.
D)Be tough and don't lose your dignity.

Question 25

CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Given the likelihood of a dependence upon heroin, Mr. Fitch was placed in drug treatment programs as well, one in which he was given which of the following drugs, which helps substitute for heroin and eventually will help him get off of the drug.

A)Zofran
B)Cymbalta
C)Methadone
D)Zovirax

Question 26

According to which theory does rioting and other forms of collective violence occur in response to crowded conditions

A)Administrative-control theory
B)Inmate-balance theory
C)Prison overcrowding theory
D)Inmate deterrence perspective

Question 27

CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The prison in which the three men in question have been housed for years has been allowed to operate under a policy that allows prison administration a free hand in running the institution even if it violates the inmate's rights. This is called the ___________________.

A)Free-hand policy
B)Blind-eye doctrine
C)Hands-off doctrine
D)Preview policy

Question 28

CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The inmate sued the correctional facility and won, using which case, in which the Supreme Court mandated an inmate's right to have medical care.

A)Henry v. Knappford
B)Estelle v. Gamble
C)Hudson v. McMillian
D)Kemp v. Eithier

Question 29

CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The three men, all Muslims, felt that the prison should allow for a separate area for them to practice their religion. The federal court denied their request based on the Court decision in which case

A)Seville v. Thomas
B)O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
C)Simpson v. Minnesota Correctional Facilities
D)Porter v. Nussle

Question 30

The most important provision of which 1996 act was the requirement of prisoners to exhaust all internal administrative grievance procedures before they can file a civil rights case in federal court

A)Prison Litigation Reform Act
B)Prisoner Rights Act
C)Civil Liberties Reform Act
D)Percy Amendment

Question 31

CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Following eight months in a minimum-security prison, Mr. Fitch was given a _________________ so that he could attend a community college and further his education.

A)Work release
B)Furlough
C)Educational pass
D)Schooling clearance

Question 32

According to which theory do rioting and other forms of collective violence occur when prison officials make abrupt efforts to take control of the prison and limit freedoms

A)Administrative-control theory
B)Inmate-balance theory
C)Prison overcrowding theory
D)Inmate deterrence perspective

Question 33

When overcrowding becomes a violation of the Eighth Amendment rights of prisoners, the Supreme Court can rule that states must release prisoners, as they did with 30,000 inmates in 2011 in which state

A)California
B)Texas
C)New York
D)Florida

Question 34

CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following questions.
After exhausting all of their internal complaints to prison officials, the three men sued for violation of their rights using which well-known federal device

A)Carter-Justice Act, 78 U.S.C. 1977
B)Federal Lautenberg Act
C)Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. 1963
D)Ashurst-Sumners Act

Question 35

CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions.
In evaluating Mr. Fitch's case file, correctional caseworkers decide that Jason needs help working on his aggressive tendencies and his expression of these feelings. Most likely Mr. Fitch would be placed in:

A)Drug rehabilitation counseling.
B)An anger management course.
C)Individual faith-based counseling.
D)Intensive supervision counseling.

Question 36

CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Given the seriousness of his crime, yet having no prior convictions, Mr. Fitch was recognized as being an excellent candidate for which form of parole characterized by smaller caseloads and mandatory drug testing

A)Intensive supervision parole
B)Exhaustive parole
C)Day reporting
D)Arduous allotment parole

Question 37

Which of the following is the landmark 2002 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that correctional officials who knowingly violate the Eighth Amendment rights of inmates can be held liable for damages

A)Shabazz v. McMillian
B)Artz v. Harvey
C)Hope v. Pelzer
D)Briggs v. Hawley

Question 38

Studies show that intensive supervision parole programs have produced:

A)Overwhelmingly positive results.
B)Generally negative results.
C)Positive results for females but not males.
D)Mixed results.

Question 39

Under the new inmate culture, which ethnic groups tend to be the most cohesive

A)African American and White
B)African American and Latino
C)Latino and White
D)There isn't much cohesion in terms of race.

Question 40

Which form of parole is characterized by smaller caseloads and closer surveillance and may include frequent drug testing and electronic monitoring

A)Intensive supervision parole
B)Rigorous supervision
C)Substantive supervision parole
D)Individual-based parole

Question 41

Nearly half the women released from prison are either reconvicted or re-incarcerated soon after their release on parole.

Question 42

Unlike their male counterparts, female inmates are more likely to be middle-aged, white, and married, with some education.

Question 43

"Queens," inmates who dress and act like women, are respected even more than punks in the prison subculture because they choose their lifestyle.

Question 44

"Punks," refers to the troublemaker inmates who cause problems for elder inmates by failing to follow the inmate code.

Question 45

Naltrexone is a drug commonly used in prisons to treat anxiety and anger/aggression issues.

Question 46

Many researchers believe that the presence of female guards can have an important beneficial effect on the self-image of inmates and improve working relationships.

Question 47

Historically, white women were treated much differently than African American women, with African American women being placed in male prisons and forced to work on chain gangs.

Question 48

Although criminal law applies to all inmates in a prison setting, it is rarely enforced.

Question 49

Straight inmates are more likely to respect "true" homosexual inmates, because their lifestyle was homosexual before entering prison.

Question 50

In the case of Shaw v. Murphy (2001), it was ruled that inmates do not have an absolute right to correspond with other inmates, even if it concerns legal advice.

Question 51

Sex offenders find it difficult to adjust to prison because of the dislike by guards and inmates.

Question 52

Freedom of religion is a fundamental right guaranteed by the First Amendment, and courts have ruled that inmates have the right to practice religion as long as it doesn't hinder security efforts.

Question 53

The actual discretionary decision to grant parole is made at a parole-granting hearing.

Question 54

CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Following the above decision, the inmate's lawyer cited the case of Hope v. Pelzer, which ruled that:

A)Improper medical care constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
B)Correctional officials who knowingly violate an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights can be held liable for damages.
C)Inmates who have their Eighth Amendment rights violated should be immediately released or have their sentence reduced.
D)Prisoners should be given special privileges if they are diagnosed with or contract a disease that is detrimental to the health of the prison population.

Question 55

During the past twenty-five years, the number of secure correctional facilities increased threefold.

Question 56

Before 1960, few women were in prison and women's prisons were relatively rare.

Question 57

The population of elderly inmates in the United States has decreased by 50% over the past thirty years.

Question 58

The rigid, anti-authority inmate social code found in many male institutions does not exist in female institutions.

Question 59

Donald Clemmer's book The Prison Community was one of the first to document the inmate social code and subculture.

Question 60

It is estimated that about half of all female inmates are members of make-believe families.

Question 61

_________________ is the slang term for an inmate who turns to the guards for help.

Question 62

____________________ is assimilation into the separate culture of the prison.

Question 63

In the 2005 case of ____________, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of prison inmates on the basis of race, in their cells or anywhere on prison grounds, is inappropriate.

Question 64

The federal government helped put private industry into prisons with the passage of the ______________________ Program in 1976.

Question 65

The theory known as _____________________ states that riots and other forms of violence in prison occur when officials make an abrupt effort to take control of the prison and limit freedoms.

Question 66

A(n) ________________ is an inmate trained in law, or otherwise educated, who helps other inmates prepare legal briefs and appeals.

Question 67

Civil rights that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits are known as________________.

Question 68

A __________________________ is a regimented, dehumanizing institution, such as a prison, where people are kept in social isolation.

Question 69

A prison policy in which inmates receive the bare minimum in terms of food, services and medical care required by law is referred to as a _______________________ policy.

Question 70

_______________ is the early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by the correctional authorities.

Question 71

The loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its own norms, rules, and languages is known as ____________________.

Question 72

_________________ programs have been developed to help inmates cope with their violent behavioral urges and tendencies.

Question 73

The theory known as _____________________ theory, states that as prison population continues to rise, unmatched by expanded capacity, prison violence will increase.

Question 74

The Fifth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 75

The setup of most women's prisons closely resembles that of college dormitories.

Question 76

The U.S. Supreme Court has established that an inmate's right to be paroled is absolute.

Question 77

In female prisons, it is not uncommon for the inmates to create their own ___________________, or groups containing masculine and feminine figures such as fathers, mothers, and sibling children.

Question 78

About 10% of females entering the prison system are pregnant.

Question 79

Women inmates report more incidents of sexual assault by male guards as opposed to other inmates.

Question 80

The federal legislation passed in 1979 that allowed for the selling of prison-made goods across state lines with a strict set of rules was known as the ___________________.