Deck 3: Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

Question 1

Which of the following meanstwo or more layers

A)columnar
B)cuboidal
C)squamous
D)stratified
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Unicellular exocrine glands are

A)mixed exocrine glands.
B)connected to a surface by ducts.
C)also called goblet cells.
D)arranged in a secretory sheet.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder

A)cuboidal
B)columnar
C)transitional
D)squamous
E)glandular

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Special epithelial tissues that produce secretions are called

A)fascia.
B)glands.
C)membranes.
D)cuboidal epithelia.
E)transitional epithelia.

Question 5

Stereocilia are described by which of the following

A)present in the epithelium of the female reproductive tract
B)very short microvilli
C)present on receptor cells of the inner ear
D)manufactured by the Golgi apparatus
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Which type of epithelium is present where easy exchange of materials out of the blood is most important

A)stratified squamous epithelium
B)columnar epithelium
C)cuboidal epithelium
D)endothelium
E)simple epithelium

Question 7

Epithelial tissue includes which of the following

A)bone
B)fat
C)surface of skin
D)cartilage
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Neural tissue cells

A)are underneath every exposed surface of the body.
B)contract.
C)line internal cavities and passageways.
D)transmit electrical signals.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Through the process of cell differentiation,

A)each cell develops a characteristic set of structural features.
B)each cell becomes capable of performing all vital functions.
C)cells in nearby locations become unable to work together.
D)each cell becomes able to change its function throughout its life cycle.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The metabolic machinery and organelles needed to perform all of the functions of the human body can be found in

A)a nerve cell.
B)an epithelial cell.
C)a muscle cell.
D)a liver cell.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

The tissue lining the small intestine of the digestive tract is called

A)stratified squamous epithelium.
B)simple squamous epithelium.
C)stratified columnar epithelium.
D)simple columnar epithelium.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Hormones are examples of ________ secretion.

A)exocrine
B)endocrine
C)holocrine
D)merocrine
E)apocrine

Question 13

Which of the following is the study of tissues

A)cytology
B)anatomy
C)histology
D)physiology
E)embryology

Question 14

Which of the following exclusively describes stratified epithelia

A)They consist of a single cell layer.
B)They always have a free surface exposed to some inner chamber or passageway.
C)They are avascular.
D)They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical and chemical stress.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of blood vessels

A)transitional
B)stratified cuboidal
C)simple columnar
D)simple squamous
E)pseudostratified columnar

Question 16

The presence of large numbers of microvilli on the exposed surfaces of epithelial cells indicates that

A)this is the area where absorption and secretion take place.
B)these cells are transportation specialists.
C)these cells are probably located along portions of the digestive and urinary tracts.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is the primary tissue type that contracts

A)epithelial tissue
B)germinative tissue
C)connective tissue
D)muscle tissue
E)neural tissue

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of connective tissues

A)They provide protection for underlying tissues.
B)They are completely impermeable, and therefore prevent water loss.
C)They produce active movement.
D)They store wastes.
E)They support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types.

Question 19

Epithelial cells usually have

A)a basal lamina.
B)unevenly distributed organelles.
C)apical and basal plasmalemmas with different associated proteins and functions.
D)an exposed apical surface.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Which name of the tissue that comprises the inner lining of the ventral body cavity

A)simple squamous epithelium
B)stratified epithelium
C)columnar epithelium
D)mesothelium
E)endothelium

Question 21

Functions of connective tissue include

A)establishing a structural framework for the body.
B)transporting fluid and dissolved materials from one body region to another.
C)protecting delicate organs.
D)supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting tissue types.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue

A)composed of small cells with branching ends
B)cells have many, irregularly shaped nuclei
C)can replace cells and regenerate after an injury
D)contracts only with nervous stimulation
E)is the only nonstriated muscle tissue

Question 23

Which of the following cells can be found in connective tissue

A)macrophages
B)fibroblasts
C)adipocytes
D)mast cells
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

Skeletal muscle tissue contains large fibers that are

A)multinucleated.
B)involuntary.
C)nonstriated.
D)controlled by pacesetter cells.
E)connected by intercalated discs.

Question 25

The wet membrane that covers cavities open to the external surface of the body is a

A)superficial fascia.
B)cutaneous membrane.
C)sarcolemma.
D)mucous membrane.
E)synovial membrane.

Question 26

Which membrane is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry

A)hypodermis
B)cutaneous membrane
C)deep fascia
D)subserous fascia
E)synovial membrane

Question 27

The covering on the outside of bone is called

A)stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
B)hyaline cartilage.
C)loose connective tissue.
D)lacunae.
E)periosteum.

Question 28

Features of smooth muscle tissue include

A)its exclusive location in the heart.
B)a single nucleus (usually)for each cell.
C)the ability to regenerate after injury.
D)intercalated discs.
E)both having a single nucleus (usually)for each cell and regenerative capabilities.

Question 29

Connective tissues form the internal framework of the body that does which of the following

A)provides strength and stability
B)maintains the relative positions of internal organs
C)provides a route for the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Membranes are organs formed by the combination of which tissues

A)epithelial and connective
B)epithelial and muscle
C)connective and muscle
D)muscle and neural
E)connective and neural

Question 31

Small, mobile connective tissue cells that release chemical that mediate the inflamatory response are known as

A)lymphocytes.
B)adipocytes.
C)microphages.
D)free macrophages.
E)mast cells.

Question 32

Choose the list of supporting connective tissues that is most related.

A)adipose tissue, tendon, blood, lymph, bone
B)elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, skin
C)tendon, blood, lymph, reticular tissue
D)areolar tissue, tendon, bone, cartilage
E)hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

Question 33

Which of the following describes the major function of serous membranes

A)Each consists of a mesothelium supported by dense connective tissue.
B)They line body cavities that communicate with the exterior.
C)They are loosely attached to the body wall and to the organs they cover.
D)Their parietal and visceral portions never touch.
E)Tiny amounts of transudate on their opposing surfaces reduce friction.

Question 34

The type of cartilage that is specialized to resist compression is

A)osteocartilage.
B)fibrocartilage.
C)elastic cartilage.
D)hyaline cartilage.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Exocrine glands that secrete a watery solution that usually contains enzymes are called

A)mucous glands.
B)endocrine glands.
C)serous glands.
D)mixed exocrine glands.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 36

Mucous membranes

A)line body cavities that communicate with the exterior.
B)keep epithelial surfaces moist.
C)warm epithelial surfaces.
D)line body cavities that communicate with the exterior and keep them moist.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

Loose connective tissue contains

A)fixed and wandering cells.
B)a tight framework.
C)parallel, packed fibers.
D)a solid ground substance.
E)only elastic fibers.

Question 38

Most energy storage in the body is accomplished by which of the following cells

A)adipocytes
B)melanocytes
C)macrophages
D)fibroblasts
E)lymphocytes

Question 39

Muscle tissue located in the walls of digestive organs is called

A)smooth muscle.
B)crenulated muscle.
C)skeletal muscle.
D)cardiac muscle.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

Connective tissue layers that lies between serous membranes and deep fascia is called

A)superficial fascia.
B)deep fascia.
C)subcutaneous layers.
D)subserous fascia.
E)mucous fascia.

Question 41

Extracellular fibers and ________ comprise the matrix that surrounds the cells of a connective tissue.

Question 42

When a local injury or infection damages or destroys connective tissues, the tissues may be replaced by the activities of fibroblasts or ________.

Question 43

If the ground substance of a connective tissue were thinner than normal, one could reasonably suspect that the fibroblasts were not secreting enough ________.

Question 44

The ________ is a complex structure produces by the epithelium and cells of the underlying connective tissue.

Question 45

Which of the following is a cell process that receives a stimulus

A)soma
B)neuroglia
C)dendrites
D)nerve fibers
E)axon

Question 46

Normal aging causes many effects on the body, including

A)repair and maintenance activities become less efficient.
B)connective tissue becomes more fragile.
C)hormone and lifestyle alterations affect the structure and chemical composition of many tissues.
D)epithelia become thinner.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 47

All epithelia are attached to the underlying tissue by a ________.

Question 48

Epithelial tissues comprise coverings or linings called epithelia and secretory structures called ________.

Question 49

All of the cell types in the body combine to form ________ primary tissue types. (Note: Be sure to spell out your answer).

Question 50

Neural tissue is characterized by

A)extremely long cells.
B)cells with branching processes.
C)neuroglia with varied functions.
D)the ability to transmit electrical impulses.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Neurons contain which of the following features

A)the ability to divide
B)short processes called axons
C)one long dendrites
D)a cell body and a variable numbers of extensions
E)processes that protect neural tissue

Question 52

Cells with ________ have at least 20 times the surface area of cells without them.

Question 53

Which of the following is exclusively found on the neuron

A)mitochondria
B)cell processes
C)axon
D)nucleus
E)intercalated discs

Question 54

The two types of fluid connective tissues are blood and ________.

Question 55

Muscle tissue is unique in its ability to

A)repair itself after damage.
B)produce powerful contractions.
C)use ATP as an energy source.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 56

An epithelium always has an exposed surface, which is referred to as the ________ surface.

Question 57

The relatively few ________ residing in connective tissues engulf invading pathogens and release chemicals that attract many more cells to assist in the body's defense.

Question 58

The fluid connective tissue that has a distinctive population of cells suspended in a watery matrix that contains dissolved proteins is called ________.

Question 59

Individual cells of a ________ produce secretions.

Question 60

An epithelial tissue with two or more layers for cells is said to be ________.

Question 61

In cartilage, ________ growth occurs when cells of the perichondrium divide repeatedly, the innermost ones differentiating into chondroblasts that produce new matrix.

Question 62

________ muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs such as the urinary bladder and the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and reproductive tracts. (Note: Be sure to capitalize the first letter of your answer).

Question 63

The fibers in ________ connective tissue form an interwoven meshwork that does not show any consistent pattern, but maintains tensile strength in all directions.

Question 64

The superficial fascia, also called the subcutaneous layer or ________, is the layer of loose connective tissue sandwiched between the skin and underlying tissues and organs.

Question 65

The thin sheet of lubricant that is secreted between serous membrane layers is referred to as ________.

Question 66

The membranes that line joint cavities and help reduce friction are called ________.

Question 67

When muscles underlying the skin contract, the intervening ________ tissue stretches so that the muscles can move independently, without pulling against the skin.

Question 68

The ________ is the serous membrane that covers the surfaces of most abdominal organs.

Question 69

Cardiac muscle fibers form extensive connections with one another at specialized regions called ________.

Question 70

The layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds muscles, some organs, and anchors organs in place is called _______.

Question 71

The tissue that is specialized for conduction of electrical impulses from one body region to another is called ________.

Question 72

________ connective tissue is resilient and springy because it contains more elastin than collagen. (Note: Be sure to capitalize the first letter of your answer).

Question 73

________ tissue provides a supporting framework for organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.

Question 74

The tissue that is specialized for contraction and contains very large, multinucleated fibers (up to a foot or more in length)whose nuclei lie just beneath the sarcolemma is called ________.

Question 75

A serous membrane consists of a simple squamous epithelium and the underlying ________.

Question 76

Although skeletal muscle fibers cannot divide, new muscle fibers are produced through the division of ________, which are mesenchymal cells that persist in adult skeletal muscle.

Question 77

A ________ membrane is transparent, lines the sealed, internal cavities of the body, and consists of a mesothelium supported by loose connective tissue.

Question 78

Tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments are all composed of ________ connective tissue, which contains tightly packed collagen fibers aligned parallel to applied forces.

Question 79

Antigens introduced into the body are normally countered by antibodies. If ________ (specifically, plasma cells)were not functioning correctly, this protection would fail.

Question 80

The ________, one of the three types of serous membrane, covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.