Deck 4: The Integumentary System

Question 1

The integument is separated from the deep fascia around the other organs by (the)

A)epidermis.
B)dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)cutaneous membrane.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The keratinized epithelium of the skin is called (the)

A)papillary layer.
B)dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)epidermis.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following cell types is found in the epidermis

A)Langerhans' cell
B)macrophage
C)neutrophil
D)mast cell
E)fibroblasts

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Wrinkles in the skin can be caused by

A)increasing age.
B)changes in levels of hormones.
C)the cumulative effects of ultraviolet radiation.
D)collagen disorders.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following is an accessory structure of the integument

A)sebaceous glands
B)teeth
C)gums
D)ear lobe
E)endocrine glands

Question 6

Nerve fibers in the skin are found in which of the following layers

A)epidermis
B)reticular layer
C)papillary layer
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 7

A bluish coloring of the skin as a result of decreased oxygen supply is called

A)pale.
B)blushing.
C)cyanosis.
D)jaundice.
E)fading.

Question 8

Which of the following is a desirable physiologic result of skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation

A)drying of the skin
B)assistance in conversion of a cholesterol-related steroid into vitamin D
C)mild sunburn to promote replacement of old epidermal cells
D)a decrease in melanocyte activity
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The dead cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for ________ before they are shed or washed away.

A)five to eight hours
B)about two weeks
C)four to six weeks
D)at least one year
E)the entire life of the individual

Question 10

Which of the following is (are)present in the skin on the palms

A)epidermal ridges
B)sebaceous glands
C)Merkel cells
D)stratum lucidum
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Skin color is due to

A)dermal blood supply.
B)thickness of the stratum corneum.
C)melanin.
D)carotene.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

As cells are pushed from deeper layers of the epidermis toward the surface they

A)continue to divide.
B)become dermal cells.
C)receive a better nutrient supply.
D)start to die.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following is a dermal structure

A)Merkel cell
B)hair follicle
C)apocrine sweat gland
D)arrector pili muscle
E)nail

Question 14

Cells in the stratum basale that are used as sensory receptors are called

A)melanocytes.
B)Merkel cells.
C)Langerhans' cells.
D)keratinocytes.
E)stem cells.

Question 15

The epidermis is composed of which type of epithelium

A)stratified squamous
B)stratified cuboidal
C)simple squamous
D)simple columnar
E)transitional

Question 16

A hypodermic needle would penetrate the skin in which order

A)papillary layer, reticular layer, epidermis
B)epidermis, reticular layer, papillary layer
C)epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer
D)reticular layer, papillary layer, epidermis
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

The epidermis in a section of thin skin includes the following four layers. In what order do these occur, from the basal lamina to the surface
(1)stratum granulosum
(2)stratum corneum
(3)stratum basale
(4)stratum spinosum

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)3, 4, 1, 2
C)4, 3, 2, 1
D)3, 2, 4, 1
E)1, 3, 4, 2

Question 18

The most abundant cells in the epidermis are

A)melanocytes.
B)keratinocytes.
C)Merkel cells.
D)Langerhans' cells.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is involved in the coloring of the skin

A)tactile corpuscles
B)Ruffini corpuscles
C)lamellated corpuscles
D)melanocytes
E)Merkel cells

Question 20

The blood supply to the skin is called (the)

A)brachial plexus.
B)cutaneous plexus.
C)hypodermis.
D)venous anastomosis.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 21

The outermost, tough portion of a hair shaft is the

A)cortex.
B)cuticle.
C)medulla.
D)soft keratin.
E)external root sheath.

Question 22

Which of the following parts of a hair are usually seen because they are located outside of the body

A)cortex, medulla, shaft
B)bulb, root, shaft
C)follicle, bulb, cuticle, cortex
D)hard keratin, bulb, root
E)shaft only

Question 23

Fine hairs covering the general surface of the body are

A)vellus hairs.
B)terminal hairs.
C)intermediate hairs.
D)heavily pigmented hairs.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 24

The papillary layer of the dermis

A)consists of loose connective tissue.
B)contains capillaries and sensory neurons.
C)has dermal papillae that project between the epidermal ridges.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 25

The cells in a hair follicle that are responsible for forming the hair are

A)papillary cells.
B)matrix cells.
C)medullary cells.
D)cortical cells.
E)Merkel cells.

Question 26

The area of the skin that contains blood vessels supplying the epidermis is the

A)stratum basale.
B)papillary layer.
C)reticular layer.
D)hypodermis.
E)stratum corneum.

Question 27

Functions of the hair on the body include

A)protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation.
B)cushioning blows.
C)providing insulating benefits.
D)providing nervous sensation.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

What does a mammary gland secrete

A)milk
B)odorous sweat
C)watery sweat
D)ear wax
E)sebum

Question 29

Which factor contributes most to the determination of hair color

A)the structure of the pigments produced by melanocytes at the papilla
B)age of the individual
C)air bubbles in the medulla of the hair shaft
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Differences in uncut hair length result from

A)variations in hair growth rate.
B)variations in the thickness of individual hairs.
C)the quality of conditioning treatments received.
D)duration of the hair growth cycle.
E)both variations in hair growth rate and duration of the hair growth cycle.

Question 31

The hypodermis is important in

A)connecting the dermis to the epidermis.
B)stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues.
C)preventing unacceptable water losses through the skin.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Functions of merocrine sweat glands include which combination of the following
(1)lubricating the skin
(2)thermoregulation
(3)inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the skin
(4)excretion of water, electrolytes, and some drugs

A)1, 2
B)1, 2, 3
C)1, 3
D)2, 3, 4
E)4, 5

Question 33

Two types of sweat glands in the skin are

A)sebaceous and merocrine.
B)apocrine and endocrine.
C)holocrine and endocrine.
D)merocrine and apocrine.
E)adrenal and holocrine.

Question 34

Which of the following terms refers to fine hairs grown on the fetus

A)lanugo
B)vernix
C)terminal
D)vellus
E)intermediate

Question 35

The cells found in sweat glands that function to force sweat out of the gland are called

A)neuroepithelial cells.
B)stratified columnar cells.
C)transitional cells.
D)myoepithelial cells.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 36

At the end of a hair's growth cycle, the follicle does which of the following

A)becomes inactive
B)becomes smaller
C)loses connection to the hair matrix
D)sloughs off the old hair when the cycle begins again
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 37

The most widely distributed type of sweat gland on the body is (the)

A)apocrine sweat gland.
B)merocrine sweat gland.
C)ceruminous gland.
D)myoepithelial gland.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 38

Cerumen is a mixture of sebum and

A)salts.
B)proteins.
C)earwax.
D)water.
E)saliva.

Question 39

Sebaceous glands are often associated with

A)nails.
B)merocrine sweat glands.
C)hair follicles.
D)apocrine sweat glands.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

Merocrine sweat glands

A)are most common in the axilla.
B)are the same as apocrine glands.
C)respond to elevated body temperature.
D)are usually attached to hair follicles.
E)produce a potentially odorous secretion.

Question 41

Which of the following effects of aging is most vital to a person living in a hot, humid climate

A)thinning of the epidermis of the skin
B)a decrease in the number of Langerhans' cells
C)a decrease in melanocyte activity
D)a decrease in glandular activity
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

The subcutaneous layer is loose connective tissue that is rich in ________ cells.

Question 43

When people experience conditions of high environmental temperatures and humidity,

A)even if they do not overexert they will have sore muscles and feel tired.
B)they can become hydrated from absorbing water vapor from the air.
C)their bodies are cooled primarily by the merocrine sweat glands.
D)they feel increasingly energetic as their skin surface becomes warmer.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 44

Which step comes first in the healing process

A)scar formation
B)granulation tissue formation
C)inflammation
D)fibrinolysis
E)fibroblast migration

Question 45

The structure in the epidermis that allows humans to detect very light touch, especially in the finger tips is the ________.

Question 46

The pigment that is found in orange colored vegetables and accumulates inside keratinocytes is ________.

Question 47

Of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, the most significant factor in determining skin color is ________.

Question 48

The pigment that causes one's normal skin color is ________.

Question 49

Differences in the darkness of skin pigmentation reflect different activity levels in the cells called ________.

Question 50

Thermoregulation is provided by

A)changing blood flow to the dermis.
B)sensible perspiration.
C)muscle contraction.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 51

In addition to epidermal factors, pale skin can result from decreased ________ in the dermis.

Question 52

Why is the skin capable of repair, even after serious damage

A)Individual skin cells have a high metabolic rate.
B)Stem cells persist in both the epidermis and dermis.
C)Construction of scar tissue is easier than making normal skin.
D)All layers of the skin have an excellent blood supply.
E)There are abundant fibroblasts in the epidermis.

Question 53

Which type of gland can be locally controlled

A)apocrine sweat gland
B)sebaceous gland
C)merocrine sweat gland
D)ceruminous glands
E)mammary gland

Question 54

In older individuals, wrinkling of the skin occurs because of

A)thinning of the dermis.
B)loss of subcutaneous fat.
C)exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 55

The exact shade of the skin, even within racial or ethnic groups, may vary because of different quantities of the pigments melanin and ________ within the epidermis.

Question 56

Repeated sunburn of the skin can damage the connective tissue of the ________ and cause premature wrinkling.

Question 57

Thick skin can be found on the sole and the ________.

Question 58

The physical mechanism responsible for blushing is

A)cyanosis.
B)dilation of superficial blood vessels.
C)an increased amount of melanin.
D)decreased amounts of carotene.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 59

Of the following structures, which is covered or lined by the integumentary system

A)external ear canal
B)oral cavity
C)vaginal canal
D)nasal cavity
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 60

Which of the following skin cancers is the most common

A)basal cell carcinoma
B)squamous cell carcinoma
C)malignant melanoma
D)sarcoma
E)cuboid cell carcinoma

Question 61

The epithelial layer that is involved in the specialized process of hair production is the ________.

Question 62

Another name for the subcutaneous layer that shares names with a needle is the ________.

Question 63

One type of skin cancer, which often results in a potentially fatal metastasis, arises in the pigment-producing cells called ________.

Question 64

Age-induced weakening of muscles and reduction in bone density are compounded by the skin's diminished production of ________, needed for effective calcium uptake.

Question 65

The waxy or oily secretion produced by a sebaceous gland is technically known as ________.

Question 66

The nail body covers the nail ________.

Question 67

Modified sweat glands that secrete earwas are called ________ glands.

Question 68

Some damaged skin structures are replaced by a fibrous, noncellular ________ tissue.

Question 69

Male pattern baldness occurs when terminal hairs on the head are replaced by ________.

Question 70

A local inflammation of the skin caused by bacteria invading a sebaceous gland or sebaceous follicle is ________.

Question 71

Although often most noticeable on the head, most of the body's five million ________ are located elsewhere, on the general body surface.

Question 72

Water loss via active sweating onto the surface of the skin and subsequent evaporation is ________ perspiration.

Question 73

Acne is most common during puberty when humans have "raging hormones" causing excess production of ________.

Question 74

Smooth muscles in the dermis that attach to hair follicles are called ________.

Question 75

Hairs on the upper and lower limbs are called ________ hairs.

Question 76

Apocrine sweat glands are linked to odor because of the effect ________ have on their secretion.

Question 77

The most deadly kind of skin cancer is ________.

Question 78

Mammary glands are anatomically related to ________ sweat glands.

Question 79

The tissue layer that underlies the skin and is essential to its function is the ________ layer, also called the hypodermis or superficial fascia.

Question 80

Because it produces less ________, the skin of older individuals is paler and more susceptible to sunburn than that of younger individuals.