Deck 16: The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Which of the following is true of the dura mater

A)The outer (endosteal)layer is fused to the periosteum of the cranial bones.
B)It follows precisely and adheres closely to the contours of the brain tissue.
C)It consists of three layers around the brain only.
D)It contains the subarachnoid spaces.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The term subdural hematoma refers to blood accumulation

A)outside of the dura.
B)between the layers of the dura.
C)in the endothelial linings of the brain capillaries.
D)in the subarachnoid space.
E)under the pia.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When the blood supply to a portion of the brain is cut off, the resulting damage is called

A)amnesia.
B)cerebral palsy.
C)atherorsclerosis.
D)a stroke.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Structurally, the blood-brain barrier exists because

A)the endothelial cells lining the CNS are extensively interconnected by tight junctions.
B)normal blood flow is at a pressure too high for the delicate brain tissue.
C)only water-soluble compounds are permitted to enter by passive diffusion.
D)the hypothalamus regulates the permeability of the blood vessels.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Which organ contains 95 percent of the neural tissue in the body

A)spinal cord
B)nerves
C)thalamus
D)brain
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Components of the metencephalon include the

A)cerebrum and cerebellum.
B)cerebellum and pons.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)thalamus and cerebellum.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

The largest region of the brain is (the)

A)cerebellum.
B)diencephalon.
C)cerebrum.
D)brain stem.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Together the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are called the

A)rhombencephalon.
B)brain stem.
C)diencephalon.
D)cerebellum.
E)gray matter.

Question 9

The medial partition between the lateral ventricles is (the)

A)arachnoid villi.
B)intermediate mass.
C)septum pellucidum.
D)diaphragma sellae.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The extensions of the dura mater that enters the longitudinal fissure is the

A)falx cerebri.
B)falx cerebelli.
C)tentorium cerebelli.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

The telencephalon becomes the

A)diencephalon.
B)cerebrum.
C)midbrain.
D)pons.
E)medulla.

Question 12

The primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to

A)provide the brain with oxygen.
B)isolate the CNS from general circulation.
C)drain blood from the brain.
D)hook areas of the brain together.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Conscious thought processes and all intellectual functions originate in (the)

A)cerebral hemispheres.
B)cerebellum.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)corpus callosum.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

The choroid plexus

A)is located on the entire surface area of the brain-ventricle interface.
B)is the site of drainage of used cerebrospinal fluid from neural tissues.
C)is the site of production of the cerebrospinal fluid.
D)is the site where the spinal nerves first enter the medulla.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid drain from the brain in (the)

A)subarachnoid space.
B)dural sinuses.
C)ventricles.
D)epidural space.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Materials are able to enter the CSF from the blood supply because

A)there is always a lower concentration gradient in the CSF of all needed molecules.
B)the capillaries of the choroid plexus are highly permeable, allowing free exchange.
C)specialized ependymal cells use both active and passive transport to secrete CSF.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

The inferior portion of the prosencephalon becomes the

A)cerebrum.
B)diencephalon.
C)cerebellum.
D)pons.
E)medulla.

Question 18

The substance that surrounds the brain and is very similar to blood plasma minus proteins is

A)cerebrospinal fluid.
B)arachnoid granulations.
C)choroid.
D)subarachnoid fluid.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Arachnoid granulations

A)are projections of the dura mater into the arachnoid mater.
B)absorb CSF into the venous circulation.
C)occur along the inferior sagittal sinus.
D)line the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Compounds that diffuse passively across the blood-brain barrier

A)are water soluble.
B)are lipid soluble.
C)move equally freely in both directions.
D)do so in proportions equal to their presence in the bloodstream.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 21

The major function of the superior colliculi includes reflexes involved with

A)the ears.
B)the nose.
C)the taste buds.
D)the eyes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

The epithalamus controls day and night cycles through the secretion of the hormone

A)oxytocin.
B)thyroid hormone.
C)acetylcholine.
D)DHEA.
E)melatonin.

Question 23

The CSF produced by the choroid plexus of the brain circulates through the

A)ventricles of the brain.
B)central canal of the spinal cord.
C)dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves.
D)cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral plexuses.
E)ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 24

The thalamus

A)forms the walls of the diencephalon around the third ventricle.
B)is the initial processing center for most motor output to the spinal cord.
C)contains centers that are involved with emotions and visceral processes.
D)performs many voluntary functions.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Physical connections of the medulla include

A)all fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord.
B)direct links between the spinal cord and cerebellarl hemispheres.
C)ascending tracts, but not descending tracts, from the brain.
D)descending tracts, but not ascending tracts, to the brain.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 26

The primary motor cortex is connected with motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, and ascending sensory information is carried to the thalamus by (the)

A)inferior colliculi.
B)red nucleus.
C)cerebral peduncles.
D)tectum.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 27

Within the medulla oblongata, heart rate and force of contraction are regulated in the

A)cardiac centers.
B)decussation of the pyramids.
C)olivary nuclei.
D)nucleus cuneatus.
E)ascending tracts of white matter.

Question 28

Regulating motor output associated with muscle tone is the function of which mesencephalic center

A)inferior colliculi
B)substantia nigra
C)cerebral peduncles
D)amygdaloid body
E)red nucleus

Question 29

Thalamic nuclei function to

A)pass motor information to the descending tracts and to the spinal cord.
B)relay sensory information to the cerebral nuclei and cerebral cortex.
C)relay information to the mamillary bodies.
D)relay information to the occipital lobes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 30

In the mesencephalon, integrating visual information with other sensory inputs and initiating involuntary motor responses are functions of the

A)red nucleus.
B)substantia nigra.
C)superior colliculi.
D)cerebral peduncles.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain is (the)

A)longitudinal fissure.
B)lateral sulcus.
C)parieto-occipital sulcus.
D)central sulcus.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

If damaged or diseased, which part of the brain would make a person unable to control and regulate the rate of respiratory movements

A)the pneumotaxic center of the pons
B)the respiratory rhythmicity center of the medulla
C)the olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata
D)the vasomotor center of the medulla
E)the cerebral peduncles of the mesencephalon

Question 33

The suprachiasmatic nucleus

A)coordinates daily cycles.
B)receives input directly from the retina.
C)outputs to the hypothalamic nuclei.
D)regulates the pineal gland.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Which area of the cerebellum controls balance

A)anterior lobe
B)posterior lobe
C)flocculonodular lobes
D)arbor vitae
E)cerebellar nuclei

Question 35

Antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus

A)is secreted from the preoptic area.
B)is secreted from the supraoptic nucleus and restricts water loss at the kidneys.
C)coordinates the autonomic activities that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
D)targets the hypothalamus itself, stimulating the thirst center.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 36

The largest cerebral lobe is the ________ lobe.

A)parietal
B)temporal
C)insular
D)frontal
E)occipital

Question 37

Information in the optic tract synapses in the

A)ventral posterior nucleus.
B)pulvinar nucleus.
C)lateral geniculate nucleus.
D)infundibulum.
E)medial geniculate nucleus.

Question 38

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the

A)optic chiasm.
B)supraoptic area.
C)infundibulum.
D)pineal gland.
E)epithalamus.

Question 39

A cerebrovascular accident occurs when

A)the reticular activating system fails to function.
B)the prefrontal area is damaged.
C)the blood supply to a portion of the brain is cut off.
D)a descending tract in the spinal cord is severed.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 40

After flowing through the dural sinuses, CSF and blood flow into (the)

A)subdural space.
B)external jugular vein.
C)internal jugular vein.
D)carotid artery.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

The central sulcus separates which regions of the cerebrum

A)the sensory and motor areas
B)the pyramidal cells and the frontal lobes
C)the parietal and occipital lobes
D)the temporal and insular lobes
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Normally, output from the basal nuclei

A)increases the stimulation of the primary motor cortex.
B)is involved with the coordination of learned movement patterns.
C)controls only the cerebellum.
D)initiates voluntary movements.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 43

The general interpretive center

A)is the speech center.
B)is responsible for predicting outcomes.
C)allows us to interpret what we read or hear.
D)allows us to interpret what we see.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 44

In what region of the brain would you expect to find a problem in a dyslexic person

A)cerebral nuclei
B)occipital lobes
C)tectospinal tracts
D)cerebellum
E)Broca's area

Question 45

Regarding the location of the categorical and representational hemispheres in the brain,

A)right-handed people always have the same pattern of hemispheric specialization.
B)there may be a link between handedness and sensory and spatial abilities.
C)the left hemisphere often controls complex motor patterns in artists and musicians.
D)some individuals have no hemispheric specialization.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

The somatic motor association area, also called the premotor cortex, is responsible for

A)involuntary motor skills.
B)voluntary skeletal activity.
C)subconscious, voluntary activity.
D)patterned, learned activity.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 47

Crossover of information between cerebral hemispheres occurs through the

A)fornix.
B)corpus callosum.
C)external capsule.
D)handedness of the individual.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Which white matter fibers connect adjacent gyri

A)arcuate fibers
B)association fibers
C)longitudinal fasciculi fibers
D)commissural fibers
E)projection fibers

Question 49

The anterior portion of the insula is responsible for

A)speech.
B)sight.
C)taste.
D)smell.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 50

The parietal lobe is primarily used for

A)sensory functions.
B)motor functions.
C)perception of visual stimuli.
D)perception of auditory stimuli.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 51

The visual cortex is located in the ________ lobe.

A)frontal
B)temporal
C)occipital
D)insular
E)parietal

Question 52

Abstract intellectual functions are performed in (the)

A)prefrontal cortex.
B)parietal lobe.
C)general interpretive center.
D)Broca's area.
E)premotor area.

Question 53

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by (the)

A)coronal fissure.
B)central sulcus.
C)longitudinal fissure.
D)lateral ventricles.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 54

Which cerebral nucleus is most lateral and lies immediately adjacent to the insula

A)amygdala
B)putamen
C)caudate nucleus
D)claustrum
E)globus pallidus

Question 55

The primary motor area is part of (the)

A)reticular formation.
B)parietal lobe.
C)frontal lobe.
D)occipital lobe.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 56

Which area of the basal nuclei is responsible for controlling appendicular muscle tone

A)caudate nucleus
B)claustrum
C)globus pallidus
D)amygdaloid body
E)thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 57

Deep white matter of the cerebrum is called

A)the cerebral cortex.
B)projection fibers.
C)fissures.
D)cerebral nuclei.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 58

The caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus are anatomically separated by (the)

A)corpus callosum.
B)fornix.
C)internal capsule.
D)longitudinal fissure.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 59

Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect

A)perception of pain.
B)the ability to see.
C)voluntary motor control.
D)the ability to hear.
E)the ability to taste.

Question 60

Which unique function of the brain occurs in the postcentral gyrus

A)provides voluntary motor control to the skeletal muscles
B)receives primary sensory information of touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature
C)provides visceral motor responses, serving as center of the autonomic nervous system
D)returns cerebrospinal fluid into the circulatory system
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 61

In the brains of left-handed people who have extremely good mathematical skills,

A)the analytical region is in the right hemisphere more often than in right-handed individuals.
B)the analytical region of the brain is in the left hemisphere in approximately 90 percent of cases.
C)the analytical interpretive area is always in the right cerebral hemisphere.
D)the corpus callosum is unusually large.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 62

Identification of familiar objects by touch, smell, taste, or feel occurs in

A)the left cerebral hemisphere.
B)the right cerebral hemisphere.
C)both cerebral hemispheres.
D)neither cerebral hemisphere.
E)the left hemisphere in about 78 percent of the population.

Question 63

Scanning data, electrical monitoring, and clinical observations have shown that several cortical areas act as higher order integrative centers

A)in the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.
B)for complex sensory stimuli and motor responses.
C)in the left cerebral hemisphere in all individuals.
D)that function more efficiently after a frontal lobotomy.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 64

The area of the cerebral cortex responsible for spatial visualization and analysis is located

A)in the left hemisphere.
B)in the right hemisphere.
C)in the prefrontal cortex.
D)in both hemispheres.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 65

Which is the only cranial nerve to leave the head and neck region

A)X
B)V
C)VII
D)XII
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 66

Where is the headquarters of the reticular formation located

A)myelencephalon
B)diencephalon
C)metencephalon
D)mesencephalon
E)telencephalon

Question 67

The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve

A)X
B)XII
C)VII
D)IX
E)XI

Question 68

The hippocampus

A)lies in proximity to the parahippocampal gyrus.
B)lies in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle.
C)functions to control mood.
D)is a tract of white matter that connects the fornix to the cingulate gyrus.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 69

The speech center

A)lies along the primary sensory cortex.
B)regulates the pattern of the understanding of words.
C)coordinates information from the secondary and special association areas of the entire cortex.
D)occurs in the same hemisphere as the general interpretive center.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 70

The motor actions of the tongue and swallowing are controlled by the

A)pons.
B)fornix.
C)mamillary bodies.
D)cerebral nuclei.
E)thalamus.

Question 71

The limbic system

A)includes nuclei and tracts along the border between the diencephalon and metencephalon.
B)maintains consciousness.
C)establishes emotional states and related behavioral drives.
D)induces an individual to go to sleep.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 72

The olfactory nerves exit the cranium through the

A)nasal conchae.
B)optic foramen.
C)cribriform plate.
D)olfactory bulbs.
E)olfactory canal.

Question 73

The factors that determine a cerebral hemisphere to be either categorical or representational

A)are unknown.
B)are genetically determined.
C)depend upon the location of the major functional centers.
D)depend upon the handedness of the individual.
E)determined by life experience.

Question 74

The fornix

A)connects the parahippocampal gyrus with the thalamus.
B)is present in only one cerebral hemisphere, typically the left.
C)links the hippocampus with the hypothalamus.
D)contains many fibers that end in the caudate nucleus.
E)is an integral part of the reticular formation.

Question 75

What is the connecting tract between halves of the limbic system

A)brain stem
B)corpus callosum
C)fornix
D)reticular formation
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 76

Which area of the cerebral cortex would receive input from sensory receptors in the nose

A)olfactory cortex
B)the postcentral gyrus
C)gustatory cortex
D)the general interpretive center
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 77

Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI all exit the cranium through (the)

A)optic canal.
B)internal acoustic meatus.
C)superior orbital fissure.
D)inferior orbital fissure.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 78

What region of the brain might be damaged if a person is unable to interpret associated words or commands even though individual words can be comprehended

A)the frontal lobes
B)the general interpretive center
C)the speech center
D)the prefrontal cortex
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 79

Which of the following apply to the cranial nerves

A)They are motor only, from the brain to peripheral effectors.
B)They are components of the PNS that connect to the brain.
C)They all connect directly to peripheral receptors or effectors.
D)They are all mixed nerves, with both sensory and motor functions.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 80

The brain region that you would suspect to be damaged in a person who displayed violent or antisocial behavior would be the

A)premotor cortex.
B)primary sensory cortex.
C)auditory association area.
D)cerebellum.
E)prefrontal cortex.