Deck 18: The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

Question 1

The fact that we cannot sense infrared radiation is related to

A)our inability to see temperatures.
B)our range of sensitivity.
C)humans not having receptors for all types of stimuli.
D)our inability to process radiation.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

General sensory receptors are

A)concentrated at the ends of the limbs.
B)distributed throughout the body.
C)responsible for providing perceptions to the somatomotor cortex.
D)able to interpret sensations of many different stimulus types.
E)the eye, ear, and nose.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Visceral pain that is sometimes felt in more superficial areas of the body is called

A)referred pain.
B)fast pain.
C)slow pain.
D)nociceptive pain.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Proprioceptors provide information about which of the following

A)arm muscle stretch
B)digestive tract stretch
C)bladder volume
D)lung stretch
E)blood vessel stretch

Question 5

How is a person's ability to localize a stimulus affected by the function of a single receptor field

A)Stimuli of all strengths are equally well localized.
B)Localization from a single receptor field is not possible; many have to participate for localization to be possible.
C)The larger the receptive field, the poorer the ability to localize the stimulus.
D)The larger the receptor field, the greater the ability to localize the stimulus.
E)By the receptive fields interaction with other receptive fields.

Question 6

A person is unable to detect electromagnetic waves, except visible light, because of which of the following reasons

A)No receptors of a type necessary to register the stimuli exist in the body.
B)The stimulus might be outside the range of sensitivity of the available receptors.
C)The stimulus might irritate or stimulate all the available receptors and make interpretation impossible.
D)The CNS might be unable to process a given stimulus.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of receptors

A)Each has a characteristic sensitivity.
B)Each receptor is equally sensitive to several different types of stimuli.
C)The most complex, specific, and sensitive receptors are free nerve endings.
D)They are evenly distributed over all surfaces of the body.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Adaptation that results from synaptic fatigue, like that which occurs when you get used to the water temperature in the shower, is a property of

A)slow-adapting receptors.
B)fast-adapting receptors.
C)central adaptation.
D)tonic receptors.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Special sensory receptors differ from simple receptors in that

A)they are surrounded by accessory structures that enhance receptor sensitivity.
B)they are restricted in the stimuli to which they respond.
C)each can be stimulated by many different types of stimuli.
D)they are found in more locations on the surface of the body.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Sense organs include (the)

A)eye.
B)ear.
C)olfactory organs.
D)taste buds.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of thermoreceptors

A)They are located in the epidermis of the skin.
B)Cold receptors are three to four times more common than warm receptors.
C)Warm and cold receptors are structurally different.
D)Cold receptors are tactile disc receptors.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Examples of receptors that are always active are

A)phasic receptors.
B)tonic receptors.
C)mechanoreceptors.
D)tactile receptors.
E)chemoreceptors.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of sensory adaptation

A)It is an increase in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
B)It occurs when the receptors of sensory neurons retain a constant level of activity.
C)It is not dependent upon synaptic fatigue.
D)It is the decline in activity along the afferent fiber after an initial strong response.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Structurally free nerve endings, root hair plexuses, and tactile discs are referred to as

A)proprioceptors.
B)unencapsulated receptors.
C)encapsulated receptors.
D)crude touch receptors.
E)pain receptors.

Question 15

Information about the strength, duration, and movement of a stimulus is provided by (the)

A)labeled line.
B)receptive field.
C)special senses.
D)sensory coding.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

All plasmalemmae

A)respond to the same degree to all different types of stimuli.
B)respond to changes in the extracellular environment.
C)all respond to each different category of stimulus.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Receptors that combine phasic and tonic coding

A)do not send sensory information to the CNS.
B)convey extremely complicated sensory information to the CNS.
C)function in sensations like crude touch.
D)are most likely to be peripheral sense receptors.
E)perceive sensory information.

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of special sensory receptor

A)nociceptor
B)thermoreceptor
C)photoreceptor
D)mechanoreceptor
E)chemoreceptor

Question 19

Nociceptors

A)are especially common in the viscera.
B)generally have large receptive fields.
C)are large, structurally complex receptors.
D)always convey very precise local information.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

The term "general senses" refers to the sensations of

A)temperature.
B)pain and proprioception.
C)touch.
D)pressure and vibration.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 21

Neurons in the hypothalamus that respond to carbon dioxide and acid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are

A)mechanoreceptors.
B)nociceptors.
C)proprioceptors.
D)chemoreceptors.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

If you are innocently taking a nap in your room, and your cat slinks by you, brushing your arm gently with his tail, the tactile receptor most likely to respond to this stimulus is (a)

A)tactile corpuscle.
B)free nerve ending of a hair root.
C)Ruffini corpuscle.
D)lamellated corpuscle.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 23

When air is drawn in through the nose,

A)in a normal, relaxed inspiration approximately 80 percent of the air passes the olfactory organs.
B)sniffing repeatedly increases the intensity of the olfactory stimulation and permits sampling of virtually all of the air taken in at each inspiration.
C)it is swirled to provide the turbulence that brings airborne compounds to the olfactory organs.
D)lipid-soluble materials are absorbed into the mucus prior to being able to be smelled, while water-soluble molecules are sampled directly.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 24

Factors that contribute to a conscious perception of taste include which of the following

A)the tactile sensation of the texture of foods
B)the speed at which food is ingested
C)the strength of the aroma of the food
D)the intensity of the color of the food
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

When proprioceptors are stimulated, what kind of information is provided to the CNS

A)pH of body fluids
B)position of structures
C)vibration
D)pressure
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

The second order neurons of the olfactory pathway have cell bodies located in which of the following areas

A)in the olfactory epithelium
B)near specialized olfactory receptors within the epithelium
C)in the olfactory bulbs
D)next to basal cells
E)in the olfactory glands, which are located in the underlying lamina propria

Question 27

Older individuals sometimes use large amounts of perfume because they lose their sense of smell; this is related to

A)sensory adaptation.
B)central adaptation.
C)a decrease in sensitivity of the olfactory cortex.
D)a decrease in the number of olfactory receptors.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 28

By what mechanism is respiratory and cardiac function regulated in the aortic bodies

A)Baroreceptors monitor blood pressure.
B)Free nerve endings detect changes in blood vessel size.
C)Mechanoreceptors monitor the rate of blood flow.
D)Chemoreceptors monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Information about pressure and gas concentration in the aorta travels to the medulla via (the)

A)cervical nerves.
B)glossopharyngeal nerve.
C)vagus nerve.
D)thoracic nerves.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Blood pressure is monitored by (the)

A)baroreceptors.
B)carotid sinus.
C)aortic sinus.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

Research indicates that the pharynx may have special taste buds for

A)fat.
B)carbohydrates.
C)water.
D)amino acids.
E)fat and cholesterol.

Question 32

Tactile receptors that provide poor localization are receptors for

A)root hair plexus.
B)deep pressure.
C)fine touch.
D)temperature.
E)pain.

Question 33

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are

A)mechanoreceptors.
B)chemoreceptors.
C)proprioceptors.
D)nociceptors.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following cranial nerves transmit sensory impulses from the taste buds

A)I, II, IV
B)III, VI, VIII
C)VII, IX, XI
D)VII, IX, X
E)V, VII, IX, XI, XII

Question 35

When a person is exposed to painfully cold temperatures, why do the fingertips, toes, nose, and ear pinnae often respond to the pain before other body regions

A)These are the only regions of the body with receptors for cold.
B)Their greater surface area to volume ratio causes them to lose heat faster.
C)Their thermoreceptors have a lower threshold of sensitivity to cold.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 36

Cells in the stratum germinativum that are sensitive to fine touch are called

A)basal cells.
B)keratinocytes.
C)melanocytes.
D)Merkel cells.
E)stem cells.

Question 37

Taste buds are

A)proprioceptors.
B)mechanoreceptors.
C)chemoreceptors.
D)nociceptors.
E)pressure receptors.

Question 38

The gustatory structure with the most taste buds in an adult is the

A)filiform papilla.
B)fungiform papilla.
C)circumvallate papilla.
D)pharyngeal wall.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Blood oxygen levels are monitored by (the)

A)carotid sinus.
B)aortic sinus.
C)aortic body.
D)carotid neurothelium.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 40

Olfactory receptors are very special because they

A)can distinguish from among thousands of chemical stimuli.
B)can distinguish at least fifty primary smells.
C)are a rare example of neuronal replacement.
D)lack structural differences.
E)contains receptor populations with different sensitivities.

Question 41

What aspect of hearing will be lost if the auditory cortex is damaged

A)High-frequency sounds will be unable to be interpreted.
B)The individual will respond to sounds and have normal acoustic reflexes.
C)Sound interpretation and pattern recognition will be difficult or impossible.
D)Tones and patterns will become incomprehensible.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

The size difference between the tympanic membrane and the oval window causes vibrations to

A)change tone.
B)become faint.
C)become more frequent.
D)amplify.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 43

The auditory ossicle that covers the oval window is the

A)incus.
B)stapes.
C)anvil.
D)malleus.
E)stirrup.

Question 44

Calcium carbonate crystals in the utricle and saccule are called

A)maculae.
B)otoliths.
C)stones.
D)statoconia.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 45

The system of fluid-filled tubes and chambers of the inner ear is called (the)

A)bony labyrinth.
B)endootic space.
C)cochlea.
D)membranous labyrinth.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Which of the following is the first component of the auditory pathway

A)Hair cell stimulation activates sensory neurons.
B)The sensory neuron cell bodies are in the spinal ganglion.
C)The sensory neuron afferent fibers form the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
D)The axons of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve synapse at the cochlear nucleus of the medulla.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 47

The auditory ossicles connect (the)

A)tympanic membrane to the round window.
B)cochlea to the tympanic membrane.
C)cochlea to the round window.
D)tympanic membrane to the oval window.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 48

The inner ear includes which of the following

A)pinna
B)cochlea
C)ossicles
D)tympanic membrane
E)external auditory canal

Question 49

The kinocilia and stereocilia of the hair cells in the semicircular ducts are embedded in a gelatinous structure called (the)

A)ampulla.
B)cupula.
C)crista.
D)organ of Corti.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 50

In correct order, the pathway followed by tears cleaning the eyes is: (1)entering the nasolacrimal duct
(2)accumulating at the medial canthus
(3)passing through the lacrimal puncta
(4)entering the lacrimal sac
(5)entering the lacrimal canaliculi

A)1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C)2, 3, 5, 4, 1
D)1, 3, 5, 2, 4
E)3, 4, 1, 2, 5

Question 51

Damage to the fovea of the eye interferes with the ability to

A)focus the image.
B)see color.
C)regulate the amount of light striking the retina.
D)bleach visual pigments.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 52

Endolymph has

A)potassium levels.
B)high sodium levels.
C)the same ions as extracellular fluid anywhere else in the body.
D)the same ions as cerebrospinal fluid.
E)high potassium and low sodium levels.

Question 53

The three main anatomical regions into which the ear is divided are

A)external ear, tympanum, and stapes.
B)malleus, incus, and organ of Corti.
C)external ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
D)ceruminous gland, cochlea, and utricle.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 54

Damage to the cupula of the lateral semicircular duct would interfere with our perception of

A)the direction of gravitational pull.
B)horizontal rotation of the head.
C)vertical rotation of the head.
D)linear acceleration.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 55

Each rod and cone cell of an eye monitors

A)specific rates of movement of objects across the visual field.
B)specific colors or tones of black and white.
C)a specific receptive field.
D)objects at a specific range of distances from the observer.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 56

The ear and the nasopharynx are connected by the auditory tube, which connects the throat and (the)

A)external ear.
B)middle ear.
C)inner ear.
D)cochlea.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 57

The anteriorly curving bulge of the eye on which a person may put "contacts" is called (the)

A)conjunctiva.
B)lacrimal caruncle.
C)cornea.
D)lacrimal gland.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 58

The lacrimal glands

A)are located in pockets of the lacrimal bone.
B)produce less fluid than the ocular conjunctiva.
C)produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions.
D)function only during stress.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 59

Sensory receptors of the ear are

A)mechanoreceptors.
B)Merkel cells.
C)baroreceptors.
D)chemoreceptors.
E)photoreceptors.

Question 60

The vestibular complex is filled with

A)perilymph.
B)endolymph.
C)CSF.
D)plasma.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 61

The auditory tube is also called the Eustachian tube or the ________.

Question 62

The name of the mechanism in which pain sensations from visceral organs are often perceived as originating in more superficial regions is ________.

Question 63

Distortion of the stereocilia toward the kinocilium causes an ________ in output.

Question 64

The taste receptors are clustered in individual ________ lying along the sides of papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue and adjacent regions of the pharynx and larynx.

Question 65

Each taste bud contains approximately 40 slender receptors, called ________, and a number of supporting cells.

Question 66

The function of structures within the middle ear is to ________ and transmit sound waves to the inner ear.

Question 67

A ________ receptor becomes active only when stimulated.

Question 68

________ provide information about the internal environment. (Note: Be sure to capitalize the first letter of your answer).

Question 69

Each receptor has a characteristic sensitivity, such as a touch receptor that is very sensitive to pressure but relatively insensitive to chemical stimuli. This trait is called ________.

Question 70

Stretch receptors that monitor changes in pressure are ________.

Question 71

Receptors for general senses that provide information about the environment outside of the body are ________.

Question 72

The primary function of the lens of the eye is to

A)provide the coloring of the eye.
B)maintain the shape of the eye.
C)focus the visual image onto the optic disc.
D)focus the visual image on the retinal photoreceptors.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 73

A reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus is called ________.

Question 74

Blocking of the normal transfer of vibrations through the middle ear is called ________.

Question 75

The information that arrives at a sensory receptor is called a ________.

Question 76

The sensory information arriving at the CNS is called a sensation; a ________ is a conscious awareness of a sensation.

Question 77

Shaking the head "no" causes changing of the signal originating from the ________ semicircular canal.

Question 78

Visual information from the retinas first arrives for processing at

A)the hippocampus.
B)the temporal lobes.
C)the occipital lobes.
D)the lateral geniculate nuclei.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 79

Hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in the oval ________.

Question 80

In the cochlear duct, the hair cells' stereocilia are embedded in the ________.