Deck 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

Plasma protein attached to cholesterol is a form of

A)albumin.
B)fibrinogen.
C)lipoprotein.
D)globulin.
E)carbohydrate.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Plasma proteins that are important in body defense are the

A)clotting proteins.
B)fibrinogens.
C)immunoglobulins.
D)albumins.
E)metalloproteins.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Why is oxygen able to diffuse out of the bloodstream and into the peripheral tissues passively

A)Oxygen has the unique ability to diffuse in or out of any tissue at any time.
B)There is a higher concentration of oxygen in the tissues than in the bloodstream.
C)There is a lower concentration of oxygen in the tissues than in the bloodstream.
D)The plasma has higher quantities of dissolved proteins.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a reason for erythrocytes' flattened "doughnut" shape

A)It increases the surface area available for gas diffusion.
B)It allows them to fit together with leukocytes to facilitate the transport of both.
C)It allows them to "stack" together to pass through small blood vessels more efficiently.
D)It gives them flexibility so that they can pass through the circulation more easily.
E)It allows the minimum distance for diffusion of gases.

Question 5

________ exists when the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

A)Polycythemia
B)Hypovolemia
C)Hypervolemia
D)Anemia
E)Reduced viscosity

Question 6

What type of tissue is blood

A)muscle tissue
B)nervous tissue
C)connective tissue
D)epithelial tissue
E)Blood does not fit into any of the typical categories.

Question 7

Besides transporting respiratory gases, what other functions are performed by erythrocytes

A)None; transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide is their only function.
B)They participate in the immune response with white blood cells.
C)They carry antigens to the peripheral tissues.
D)They assist in phagocytizing foreign pathogens.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The molecule that binds oxygen contains globin proteins with four attached

A)oxygens.
B)acids.
C)heme groups.
D)iron ions.
E)fibrinogens.

Question 9

Blood assists in defending the body against toxins and pathogens by

A)warming the tissues immediately surrounding injury sites.
B)transporting white blood cells to injury or infection sites.
C)increasing the swelling of injured tissues.
D)decreasing the pH of injured or infected tissues.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The class of protein involved in clotting is (the)

A)albumins.
B)fibrinogens.
C)globulins.
D)transport globulins.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Formed elements include which of the following

A)water
B)immunoglobulins
C)proteins
D)red blood cells
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

The major differences between plasma and interstitial fluid include

A)plasma has much lower protein levels.
B)plasma has a much higher protein concentration.
C)plasma oxygen levels are lower than those of interstitial fluid.
D)plasma has very different potassium ion concentrations.
E)plasma has very different sodium ion concentrations.

Question 13

Which of the following would be classified as hypervolemic for the average adult male

A)6 liters
B)3 liters
C)pH = 6
D)8 liters
E)pH = 8

Question 14

Which of the following lab values is in the normal range for adults

A)6-9 liters of blood
B)blood pH 6-6.5
C)blood temperature about 100-100.5 degrees
D)2-3 million cells per milliliter
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

An elevated hematocrit constitutes what condition

A)hypovolemia
B)hypervolemia
C)anemia
D)polycythemia
E)rouleaux

Question 16

Which blood cell lacks a nucleus

A)megakaryocyte
B)basophil
C)monocyte
D)lymphocyte
E)erythrocyte

Question 17

The plasma of the blood contains about 7%

A)plasma proteins.
B)red blood cells.
C)white blood cells.
D)platelets.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

What formed element in the blood is flattened and circular, lacks a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, and is red in color because of the presence of hemoglobin

A)eosinophil
B)basophil
C)lymphocyte
D)erythrocyte
E)platelet

Question 19

Compared to water, whole blood is

A)sticky.
B)resistant to flow.
C)cohesive.
D)about five times more viscous.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Composition of the plasma and the interstitial fluid differs chiefly in the concentration of

A)dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B)sodium ions.
C)glucose and other sugars.
D)water.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 21

A sample of damaged tissue indicated the presence of eosinophils. This finding signifies that the tissue is

A)normal.
B)infected by parasites.
C)inflamed.
D)being rejected.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

The white blood cells that contain granules with histamine are called

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)neutrophils.
D)erythrocytes.
E)lymphocytes.

Question 23

The process of moving toward an area due to chemical signals is called

A)DIFF.
B)chemotaxis.
C)diapedesis.
D)phagocytosis.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 24

The blood type of an individual is determined at the cellular level by

A)the sex of the individual.
B)the metabolic rate of the individual.
C)the presence or absence of specific components in the erythrocyte plasmalemmas.
D)the age and physical condition of the individual.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following prevents an erythrocyte from using the oxygen it carries

A)the lack of a nucleus
B)a biconcave shape
C)the presence of hemoglobin
D)the lack of mitochondria
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

The administration of antibodies to a pregnant women with Rh⁻ blood is used to prevent

A)agglutination.
B)antibody reactions.
C)hemolytic disease of the newborn.
D)a transfusion reaction.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 27

Which is the least common type of white blood cell

A)neutrophil
B)eosinophil
C)basophil
D)monocyte
E)lymphocyte

Question 28

Macrophages, Langerhans cells, and microglia are types of

A)lymphocytes.
B)neutrophils.
C)monocytes.
D)eosinophils.
E)RBCs.

Question 29

Eosinophils

A)represent up to 70 percent of the white blood cell population.
B)are phagocytic cells.
C)are among the largest of the white blood cells.
D)are agranular leukocytes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 30

When an agglutinin meets its specific agglutinogen, what will occur

A)These cell elements cause the cells to repel one another, thus spacing themselves out in the blood.
B)The blood type will change from that of the agglutinin to that of the agglutinogen.
C)A cross-matching will occur.
D)The blood cells will clump together in a process called agglutination.
E)The agglutinin will bind to the agglutinogen.

Question 31

What blood cell type is activated in response to a damaged blood vessel

A)basophils
B)neutrophils
C)lymphocytes
D)monocytes
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

A round cell with distinct bright orange-red granules is called a(n)

A)eosinophil.
B)agranulocyte.
C)basophil.
D)lymphocyte.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 33

Surface antigens are

A)agglutinins.
B)antibodies.
C)agglutinogens.
D)immunoglobulins.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

The blood type that could be given to anyone without the risk of a cross reaction is

A)A)
B)B)
C)O)
D)Rh+.
E)AB.

Question 35

Lymphocytes

A)are an abnormal finding in blood.
B)are slightly smaller than red blood cells.
C)make up 50-60 percent of the white blood cell population.
D)are responsible for specific immunity.
E)are produced only upon demand.

Question 36

A round cell whose nucleus resembles a string of beads is a(n)

A)eosinophil.
B)RBC.
C)macrophage.
D)monocyte.
E)neutrophil.

Question 37

Rh antigen is also called

A)anti-A.
B)the A agglutinin.
C)the B agglutinin.
D)the D agglutinogen.
E)the R factor.

Question 38

The leukocyte with small granules that stain with both types of stain is the

A)leukocyte.
B)neutrophil.
C)basophil.
D)eosinophil.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 39

To find out the amount of each type of leukocyte it is necessary to do

A)a complete blood count (CBC).
B)a lymphocyte count.
C)a differential count.
D)an RBC count.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

A low red cell count could cause which of the following problems

A)impaired immune response
B)inefficient toxin removal from the tissues
C)a reduced rate of diapedesis
D)diminished transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true

A)All lymphocytes are leukocytes.
B)All leukocytes are lymphocytes.
C)Basophils are agranulocytes.
D)Monocytes are granulocytes.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Roughly 60 percent of plasma proteins are composed of ________.

Question 43

Which of the following formed element is required for hemostasis

A)lymphocyte
B)neutrophil
C)platelets
D)basophils
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

Slightly less than one percent of the RBC population are (the)

A)erythroblasts.
B)mature RBCs.
C)proerythroblasts.
D)reticulocytes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 45

Megakaryocytes produce

A)proteins.
B)enzymes.
C)membranes.
D)platelets.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Separation of whole blood into components for clinical purposes is called ________.

Question 47

During development, some embryonic blood cells

A)appear during the eighth week of development.
B)move out of the peripheral tissues and into circulation.
C)differentiate into stem cells.
D)enter the circulation to differentiate further.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Platelets can initiate the clotting process by

A)releasing enzymes and other factors at the appropriate times.
B)attracting white blood cells to the site of the injury or infection.
C)breaking down cellular debris by phagocytosis.
D)coagulating plasma proteins and cellular debris into a plug.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 49

Which of the following is(are)true of leukocytes

A)They have very long life spans.
B)They are mostly located in the bloodstream, which they use as a rapid means of transport to peripheral tissues.
C)They are attracted to the specific chemical stimuli emitted by invading pathogens, damaged tissues, and other white blood cells.
D)They enter peripheral tissues through the openings in fenestrated capillaries.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 50

The fluid portion of the blood is ______.

Question 51

For erythropoiesis to proceed normally, the progenitor cells must receive adequate supplies of which of the following
(1)amino acids
(2)calcium
(3)iron
(4)vitamin B₁₂
(5)vitamin K
(6)vitamin A

A)1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B)2, 4, 6
C)1, 3, 5
D)1, 3, 4
E)2, 3, 5, 6

Question 52

Myeloid stem cells produce all of the following formed elements except:

A)erythrocytes.
B)platelets.
C)basophils.
D)lymphocytes.
E)monocytes.

Question 53

The waste gas taken away from all cells of the body by the blood is ________.

Question 54

The hormone erythropoietin is produced and secreted

A)during hypoxic conditions.
B)by the spleen.
C)by the bone marrow.
D)in response to stimulation of the rate of cell division in erythroblasts.
E)by shifting of production away from making stem cells.

Question 55

Blood cells and cell fragments that are suspended in the plasma are called ________.

Question 56

Throughout the body, compounds known as ________ enable the bloodstream to deal with the acids generated by the tissues, such as lactic acid generated by the muscles.

Question 57

Development of lymphocytes involves (the)

A)thymus.
B)bone marrow.
C)colony-stimulating factors.
D)lymph nodes.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 58

A condition related to the insufficient production of clotting factors is known as

A)iron-deficient anemia.
B)polycythemia.
C)embolitis.
D)hemolytic disease of the newborn.
E)hemophilia.

Question 59

Progenitor cells form

A)only specific types of blood cells.
B)all the different types of blood cells.
C)hematopoietic stem cells.
D)stem cells.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 60

Which of the following are produced in the bone marrow

A)myeloid stem cells
B)granulocytes
C)monocytes
D)basophils
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 61

Acidophils are so named because their granules stain darkly with ________, an acidic red dye.

Question 62

A person with Type A blood will carry ________ agglutinins.

Question 63

Lymphocytes known as ________ differentiate into plasmocytes, which secrete antibodies that attack foreign cells or proteins in distant portions of the body.

Question 64

The ________ indicates the percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements.

Question 65

The cytoplasm of the red bloods cells are void of energy producing ________.

Question 66

Platelets are capable of shrinking after the formation of a blood clot because they contain molecules of actin and ________.

Question 67

In the adult, red blood cells are produced in areas of the ________.

Question 68

Each globular protein subunit of hemoglobin contains a molecule of ________, which holds an iron ion to bind to oxygen.

Question 69

Solutions that can be used to increase blood volume temporarily are called ________.

Question 70

Monocytes are in circulation for a few days before entering the peripheral tissues, where they become free ________.

Question 71

The loss of blood through the walls of damaged vessels is prevented by the process of ________.

Question 72

Blood stem cells are called ________.

Question 73

The metal that is part of hemoglobin structure is ________.

Question 74

A leukocyte can migrate across a capillary wall by squeezing between adjacent endothelial cells, in a process known as ________.

Question 75

In terms of organelles, an obvious difference between an erythrocyte and a leukocyte viewed with a light microscope is that the erythrocyte lacks a ________.

Question 76

The process of blood cell formation is called ________.

Question 77

Red blood cells are formed by the process of ________.

Question 78

Flattened stacks of erythrocytes that pass through a blood vessel are called ________.

Question 79

Leukocytes without visible granular inclusions in their cytoplasm are called ________.

Question 80

A person who is Rh-positive has the ________ on his or her red blood cells.