Deck 8: The IT Industry

Question 1

​____________ reduces the cost of goods and services by using workers and manufacturing facilities in countries with inexpensive labor.

Answer 1

​Offshoring

Question 2

​___________ states that every two years the number of transistors in an integrated circuit will double without raising its cost.

Answer 2

​Moore's law

Question 3

​A proprietary model called the __________ represents the position of a product during its life cycle of publicity.

A)​Gartner Hype Cycle
B)​Rogers' bell curve
C)​Product life cycle
D)​Disruptive technology

Answer 3

A

Question 4

​Companies are classified into economic sectors according to the types of goods and services they provide.

Question 5

​_______________ are two of the world's largest exporters of ICT services.

A)​South Korea and U.S.
B)​China and U.S.
C)U.S. and Japan​
D)​India and Ireland

Question 6

​__________ goods are raw materials, tools, and machinery used by businesses to make consumer goods.

Question 7

​Moore's law accurately described the rate of chip innovation for the last 50 years.

Question 8

​The terms outsourcing and offshoring are the same thing.

Question 9

The growth of the ICT industry has a generally upward trend.​

Question 10

​From the perspective of a business that creates and sells a technology product, the ____________maps the expected profitability of a product from its inception to its demise.

A)​Roger's bell curve
B)​product life cycle
C)​Gartner Hype cycle
D)​none of the above

Question 11

The __________ is made up of businesses that focus on digital equipment, software, communications technologies, and related services.​

A)​ICT industry
B)​stock market
C)​dot-com industry
D)​Internet

Question 12

​_________ technology displaces an existing business process, market, industry, or product.

Question 13

​In economics, _________ are things that can be used or consumed, whereas _________ are intangible actions performed for a consumer.

A)​goods, services
B)​services, goods
C)​assets, services
D)​none of the above

Question 14

​Companies such as IBM and Sperry Rand launched the computer industry when they brought the first mainframes to market in the ________.

A)​1940s
B)​1950s
C)​1960s
D)​1970s

Question 15

The information industry has three major facets: _________, computers, and telecommunications.​

Question 16

​Most economists regard goods and services as a continuum, with intangible goods, such as __________, in the middle of the continuum.

A)​hardware
B)​software
C)​computers
D)​exports

Question 17

​A stock market _________ refers to a sharp rise in stock values that is later followed by a sudden decline.

Question 18

The dot-com bubble occurred between the years 2008 and 2010.​

Question 19

​Worldwide, the ICT industry directly employs about _____ of the total workforce in jobs such as computer manufacturing, programming, and data security.

A)4%​
B)​14%
C)​24%
D)​40%

Question 20

​The term product life cycle is frequently used to describe patterns in the way consumers adopt technology products.

Question 21

​Between 2001 and 2014, significant gains were made in global ICT use, with the highest gains in desktop computer purchases.

Question 22

​A(n) ____________ calculator is a device that assists in the process of numeric calculations but requires the human operator to keep track of the algorithm.

A)mechanical​
B)​manual
C)​digital
D)​algorithm

Question 23

In the context of economics, ___________ is a measurement of the amount of output that is produced per unit of input.​

Question 24

​The Stuxnet virus that disabled Iranian nuclear centrifuges is an example of cyberwarfare.

Question 25

​_____________ is the use of ICT technology to carry out politically motivated attacks designed to infiltrate, sabotage, or damage an opponent's information systems and defensive capabilities.

Question 26

​_________ is the monetary value of all the goods and services produced by a nation's workforce on an annual?basis.

A)Productivity​
B)​GDP
C)​ITC growth
D)​PLC

Question 27

​Based on existing laws governing international conflict, the ______________ sets out rules for conducting and responding to cyberwarfare.

A)​Tallinn Manual
B)​Cyberwarfare
C)​SCADA
D)​PLC

Question 28

​An abacus is an example of a(n) _________ calculator.

Question 29

​__________ is the term that describes devices that automate many industrial tasks by receiving digital commands and converting them into real-world actions such as shutting down a power grid or opening a valve in a fuel pipeline.

Question 30

​Babbage's __________ was an all-purpose computing device.

Question 31

​Which of the following would not be considered a disruptive technology?

A)​Digital photography replacing film photography.
B)​Smartphones replacing devices such as MP3 players.
C)​Computers with word processors replacing typewriters.
D)​Computers that run OS X replacing computers that run Windows 8.

Question 32

​The Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the first computing device to use transistors instead of vacuum tubes as processing circuitry.

Question 33

​Thomas de Colmar's _________ became the first mass-produced mechanical calculator.

Question 34

​ICT use in emerging nations lags behind its use in developed nations.

Question 35

​A calculation is based on a(n) ___________-the step-by-step process by which numbers are manipulated.

Question 36

​The U.S. Department of Homeland Security identifies six national security functions supplied by the ICT sector. Which one of the following is not one of them?

A)​Provide identity management and trust support services
B)​Provide disruptive technologies
C)​Provide incident management capabilities
D)​Provide Internet routing, access, and communications services

Question 37

​Which of the following i would be considered a mechanical calculator?

A)​Schickard's Calculator
B)​Pascaline
C)​de Colmar's Arithmometer
D)​all of the above

Question 38

​The ____________ was designed to tabulate the 1890 census and used cards with designated areas representing data fields.

A)​Babbage's Analytical Engine
B)​Schickard's Calculator
C)​Atanasoff-Berry Computer
D)​Hollerith Tabulating Machine

Question 39

​A manual calculator implements algorithms autonomously.

Question 40

​The Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the first computing device to use ________ instead of mechanical switches as processing circuitry.

Question 41

Computer systems such as the Mark-8 and the MITS Altair are examples of early ______ computers.​

Question 42

​_______-generation computers became possible by the development of integrated circuits.

A)​First
B)​Second
C)​Third
D)​Fourth

Question 43

​________ computers, such as UNIVAC, can be characterized by their use of vacuum tubes to store individual bits of data.

A)​First-generation
B)​Second-generation
C)​Third-generation
D)​none of the above

Question 44

​________ was an electronic device designed to decode messages that were sent between the German High Command and their field commanders in World War II.

Question 45

​Colossus used binary arithmetic.

Question 46

​Transistors performed functions similar to vacuum tubes, but they were larger and more power hungry.

Question 47

Second-generation computers used ________ instead of vacuum tubes.​

Question 48

​The Harvard Mark I was digital but used _________ rather than binary representation.

Question 49

When the PC version of the spreadsheet program __________ became available, the IBM PC quickly became the top-selling personal computer.​

Question 50

ENIAC's memory held programs but not data.​

Question 51

​Which of the following would be considered a third-generation computer?

A)​IBM 360
B)​UNIVAC
C)​Z3
D)​MITS Altair

Question 52

​It was not until the ______-generation of computers that portable operating systems, such as CP/M and UNIX, provided programmers with similar operating system commands across hardware platforms.

Question 53

​________ was designed to calculate trajectory tables for the U.S. Army.

A)​ENIAC
B)​Harvard Mark I
C)​Colossus
D)​Atanasoff-Berry Computer

Question 54

The Apple II computer included color graphics.​

Question 55

​Most computer historians agree that computers have evolved through _______ distinct generations.

A)​three
B)​four
C)​five
D)​six

Question 56

​Atanasoff-Berry Computer is often considered the first electronic digital computer.

Question 57

​Early computers that held both programs and data in memory became known as ________ architecture.

Question 58

​High-level programming languages were available for use on ________-generation computers

Question 59

A computer that used an Intel 4004 microprocessor would be considered a fourth-generation computer.​

Question 60

​_____ was the first commercially successful computer.

A)​Z3
B)​ENIAC
C)​UNIVAC
D)​Colossus

Question 61

​The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X was brought to market in what year? ___________

Question 62

​A(n) __________  is a device that uses a low-power radio transmitter to carry out two-way voice communications.

A)​cellular telephone
B)​radio
C)​telegraph
D)​television

Question 63

​Telegraphy remained the major technology for intercontinental communication well into the ________.

A)​1930s
B)​1940s 
C)​1950s
D)​1960s

Question 64

​The first telephone was invented and patented by Alexander Graham Bell in ________.

A)​1776
B)​1876
C)​1886
D)​1906

Question 65

​The years between 1920 and 1960 are considered the Golden Age of ________.

Question 66

​A(n) ___________ is a device that transmits human voices over a distance using cables or airborne signals.

Question 67

​___________ refers to transmitting text or symbolic information over long distances without the use of a living carrier, such as a courier.

Question 68

​Telephone networks are based on a hierarchy of interconnected stars. At the center of the star is a telephone ___________ that manages connections between callers.

Question 69

The first telephones were connected by point-to-point networks, similar to those used by the telegraph system.​

Question 70

​Guglielmo Marconi is credited as the person who invented the ___________, a device that sends and receives sound as electromagnetic waves.

Question 71

​Prior to 1912, there were no laws or regulations restricting amateur radio transmission in the United States.

Question 72

The success of an underwater telegraph cable depended on the discovery of __________, a rubber-like substance.

Question 73

​Transmitting data in a telegraph system used the _______ alphabet, a binary encoding system based on dots and dashes.

Question 74

​Which of the following would not be considered a common carrier?

A)​Telegraph
B)​Telephone
C)​Cell phone services
D)​Radio

Question 75

​Apple released the first Apple Macintosh computer in what year? ___________

Question 76

​A(n) ___________ is any person or company that transports goods, passengers, or electronic signals over regular routes at set rates.

Question 77

​Radio technology is the basis for cell phones and Wi-Fi.

Question 78

​Samuel Morse developed and patented a telegraph system.

Question 79

A key feature of the Apple Lisa was its use of _______________.​

A)​vacuum tubes
B)​graphical user interface
C)​transistors
D)​VisiCalc

Question 80

​Two-way radio technology went portable during World War I.