Deck 15: Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases

Question 1

All of the following direct lung injuries can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome except:

A)Aspiration of gastric Contents
B)Pneumonia
C)Near drowning
D)Inhalational injuries
E)Pulmonary edema

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What type of extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used for patients in respiratory failure

A)Venovenous
B)Veno-arterial
C)No preference

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the best way to initially evaluate the effectiveness of inspiratory pressure during bi-level positive airway pressure

A)Patient can activate or trigger the pressure.
B)Good chest wall excursion
C)Arterial blood gas values
D)Patient appears in no distress and is resting Comfortably.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation settings include all of the following except:

A)Mean airway pressure
B)ΔP
C)FiO₂
D)Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
E)Hertz

Question 5

The effectiveness of Continuous positive airway pressure can be determined by evaluating which of the following criteria
I)Decreased work of breathing
II)FiO₂ requirements less than or equal to 0.40
III)Improved lung volumes via chest radiograph
IV)PaCO₂ greater than 55 mm Hg
V)Nasal flaring evident
VI)No grunting audible

A)I, V, and VI
B)II, III, and IV
C)I, III, and VI
D)II, IV, and V

Question 6

What is the incubation period for an infant who is carrying the virus for bronchiolitis

A)10-15 days
B)2-8 days
C)5-20 days
D)3-20 days

Question 7

In cases of severe acute bronchiolitis, why is it necessary to monitor a patient's fluid and hydration levels
I)Impending respiratory failure
II)High, insensible water loss
III)Poor feeding
IV)High respiratory rate
V)Risk for aspiration

A)II, III, and IV
B)I, III, IV, and V
C)I, II, III, IV, and V
D)I, II, and V

Question 8

What Common diagnostic testing can be used to diagnose bronchiolitis
I)Chest radiograph
II)CT scan
III)MRI
IV)Sputum culture
V)Respiratory syncytial virus test

A)II and V
B)III and IV
C)I and III
D)I and V

Question 9

Mechanical ventilation strategies to manage acute respiratory distress syndrome should include all of the following except:

A)Permissive hypercapnia
B)Plateau pressures less than 40 cm H₂O
C)Tidal volumes 6 mL/kg
D)Permissive hypoxemia

Question 10

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia
I)Chills
II)Lethargy
III)Loss of appetite
IV)Wheezing in the bases
V)Shortness of breath
VI)Cough with thick secretions
VII)Fever greater than 38.5°C

A)I, II, IV, and V
B)I, III, V, VI, and VII
C)I, III, V, and VII
D)II, IV, VI, and VII

Question 11

Which of the following is a life-threatening Complication associated with bronchiolitis

A)Airway edema
B)High fever
C)Apnea
D)Severe stridor

Question 12

Evidence-based clinical guidelines for treatment and management of acute bronchiolitis suggest which of the following
I)MuCous clearance is necessary.
II)Frequent monitoring of respiratory status
III)Ventilatory support as necessary
IV)Oxygen support as necessary

A)I, II, and III
B)II, III, and IV
C)I, II, III, and IV
D)II and III

Question 13

What parameter should be adjusted to increase chest wiggle during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation

A)ΔP
B)Hz
C)Mean airway pressure
D)I-time

Question 14

What drug group decreases the length of a hospitalization stay for a patient with bacterial pneumonia

A)Bronchodilators
B)Antibiotics
C)CortiCosteroids
D)Xanthines

Question 15

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis
I)Cough
II)Retractions
III)Prolonged inspiratory time
IV)High-grade fever
V)Cyanosis
VI)Otis drainage

A)I, II, IV, and VI
B)I.III, IV, and VI
C)II, IV, V, and VI
D)I, II, and V

Question 16

What viral pathogen acCounts for 50% to 80% of all bronchiolitis cases

A)Influenza type B
B)Rhinovirus
C)Parainfluenza 1 and 2
D)Adenovirus types 1 and 2
E)Respiratory syncytial virus F.Human metapneumovirus

Question 17

What are the clinical symptoms used to measure the severity of bronchiolitis
I)Respiratory rate
II)Heart rate
III)Hypoxemia
IV)Accessory muscle use
V)Work of breathing
VI)Breath sounds

A)I, III, and V
B)II, IV, and VI
C)III, V, and VI
D)I, II, and IV

Question 18

Which of the following are factors associated with an increased risk of Contracting pneumonia
I)Smoking
II)Exposure to chemicals or pollutants
III)Ethnicity
IV)Female gender
V)Individuals who live alone
VI)Mature immune system
VII)Surgery

A)I, II, and III
B)I, VI, and VII
C)II, IV, and V
D)III, IV, and VII

Question 19

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation will do all of the following for a patient with bronchiolitis except:

A)Lower oxygen requirements
B)Increased work of breathing
C)Improve functional residual capacity
D)Increase in ventilation and perfusion matching

Question 20

Pneumonia is often classified into which of the following four categories
I)Aspiration pneumonia
II)Severe acute respiratory syndrome
III)Hospital-acquired pneumonia
IV)Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
V)ImmunoCompromised pneumonia
VI)Community-acquired pneumonia

A)I, III, IV, and V
B)II, IV, V, and VI
C)II, III, IV, and VI
D)I, III, V, and VI

Question 21

Clinical signs and symptoms for acute respiratory syndrome include which of the following
I)Hypertension
II)Rales
III)Tachycardia
IV)Dyspnea
V)Cyanosis
VI)Fever

A)I, III, and IV
B)II, IV, V, and VI
C)I, III, V, and VI
D)I, II, III, IV, and V

Question 22

There is no definitive treatment or set Course of action for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Question 23

The goals of mechanical ventilation in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome include which of the following
I)Reduce work of breathing.
II)Increase alveolar recruitment.
III)Minimize barotrauma.
IV)Reduce metabolic demand.
V)Reverse hypoxemia and hypercarbia.

A)I, II, and IV
B)II, III, IV, and V
C)I, II, III, IV, and V
D)I, III, IV, and V

Question 24

What are some ways to increase mean airway pressure while on invasive ventilation
I)Decrease tidal volume.
II)Increase peak inspiratory pressure.
III)Decrease I-time.
IV)Increase positive end-expiratory pressure.

A)I and III
B)I and IV
C)II and III
D)II and IV

Question 25

What diagnostic tests need to be performed to determine the presence of pneumonia
I)Chest radiograph
II)Sputum sample
III)Blood cultures
IV)Complete blood Count
V)Bronchoalveolar lavage
VI)Pulmonary function test

A)I, II, III, and V
B)II, III, IV, and V
C)I, IV, V, and VI
D)I, II, III, IV, and VI

Question 26

When should Ribavirin be Considered
I)Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
II)Congenital immunodeficiency
III)Inpatients admitted to hospital with bronchiolitis
IV)Routine protoCol as part of respiratory management of bronchiolitis
V)Bone marrow transplant
VI)Acute lung disease

A)II, III, and V
B)I, IV, and VI
C)I, II, and V
D)III, IV, V, and VI

Question 27

Findings that suggest a patient has acute respiratory distress syndrome include a PaO₂/FiO₂ of:

A)PaO₂/FiO₂ less than 200
B)PaO₂/FiO₂ less than 300
C)PaO₂/FiO₂ greater than 200
D)PaO₂/FiO₂ greater than 300

Question 28

What are the benefits of using pressure-regulated volume Control in the management of a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome
I)Lower peak inspiratory pressure using decelerating flow pattern of pressure ventilation
II)Higher peak inspiratory pressure using decelerating flow pattern of pressure ventilation
III)Guarantees a Consistent minute ventilation
IV)Minute ventilation varies.

A)II and IV
B)I and IV
C)I and III
D)II and III

Question 29

Antibiotic regiments should be given as routine therapy for viral bronchiolitis.

Question 30

Benefits of airway pressure release ventilation include which of the following
I)Improved alveolar recruitment
II)Improvement in oxygenation
III)Decrease risk of ventilator-induced lung injury
IV)Ability to set higher inflating pressures
V)Facilitates spontaneous breathing

A)I, II, III, IV, and V
B)I, II, III, and V
C)I, III, and IV
D)II, III, IV, and V

Question 31

Which of the following are Considered phases in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome
I)Exudative stage
II)Fibrotic stage
III)Proliferative phase
IV)Diagnostic stage
V)ReCovery stage

A)III, IV, and V
B)I, III, and V
C)I, II, and III
D)II, III, IV, and V