Deck 3: Families Throughout History

Question 1

Among the early Roman families, the ________ were landowners, and therefore at the top of the stratification system, while slaves were at the bottom.

A)compadres
B)companionate family
C)primogeniture
D)patricians
E)pellies

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Table 3.1, which type (or types)of society tended towards nuclear families?

A)hunting-gathering; agricultural
B)horticultural; industrial
C)agricultural
D)hunting-gathering; industrial
E)horticultural

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following characterizes Native Americans in the preindustrial United States?

A)Some tribes practiced polygamy, although most were monogamous.
B)About three-quarters of tribes were matrilineal.
C)In most native tribes, women held lower status than their White counterparts did.
D)There were nearly 5 million natives speaking about 25 different languages when European settlers first arrived.
E)Puberty was an important ritual for boys, but largely went unnoticed in girls.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Pretend that you are a 20-year-old White woman in colonial America. Which of the following would likely describe aspects of your courtship and partnering?

A)Your father and mother selected your husband, and you likely had very little input.
B)You were allowed to date, but you generally had to be home within one hour after dark.
C)You could choose your own spouse, but marriage required parental consent.
D)You did not engage in bundling until after 6 months of marriage.
E)You were only allowed to see your boyfriend at his house instead of yours.

Question 5

Maria strongly believes that family relationships are paramount and take precedence over individual needs or wants. This view is referred to as:

A)machismo
B)cult of domesticity
C)family process
D)family reconstitution
E)familism

Question 6

Kim is an anthropologist studying how family members of different racial and ethnic groups care for their elderly. He is taking extensive notes of the way their culture shapes attitudes towards the elderly. These detailed accounts are called:

A)lecture notes
B)family reconstitution
C)ethnographies
D)subsistence notes
E)historical resources

Question 7

Why were there few extended families in early Europe, the Middle Ages, or preindustrial Europe?

A)Most people did not live long enough to spend significant time with their adult children.
B)Female infanticide resulted in a shortage of women.
C)Families often did not get along because fathers frequently gave land to only one son.
D)Children were married off in their early teens, often against their will, and had to leave the community.
E)Aging was highly stigmatized and the elderly often committed suicide.

Question 8

You are living in the Middle Ages. Your father has decided that the family farm will go to your oldest brother now that he can no longer take care of it. You are left with nothing. This is a practice known as:

A)industrialization
B)primogeniture
C)separate spheres
D)bundling
E)anti-familism

Question 9

Anthropologists, historians, and family scholars who tell us about daily life, customs, and lifestyles of ordinary citizens are weaving together:

A)marketing strategies
B)social history
C)patriarchal customs
D)bundling strategies
E)separate spheres

Question 10

The opening vignette of Chapter 3 describes the life of a slave girl in nineteenth-century America. Which of the following best describes the ordeal in the narrative?

A)She describes the ship ride over from Africa.
B)She is forced to have a sexual relationship with a man she detests so that her owner can have more slave children.
C)She explains the sadness she felt when she was sold from her parents as a young girl.
D)She laughs at the White people who think they are so smart because she thinks they are actually very stupid.
E)She describes the love she feels for her new husband and his kin.

Question 11

________ transformed an economy from a system based on small family-based agriculture to one based on large industrial capital.

A)Immigration
B)Class ideology
C)Industrialization
D)Compadres
E)Subsistence

Question 12

A dating practice in colonial America in which a young man and woman could continue their date by spending the night in a bed together separated by a wooden board was called:

A)separate spheres
B)primogeniture
C)bundling
D)companionate dating
E)boarding up

Question 13

Jerome is interested in studying racial and ethnic differences in how families care for the elderly. He is interviewing some of the oldest family members he can find because his goal is to compile all available information about significant family events. He will look through other pertinent documents as well. This method is called:

A)family reconstitution
B)family compadres
C)cult of domesticity
D)familism
E)family primogeniture

Question 14

Which of the following is true about slave marriages?

A)Masters considered marriages among slaves to be a threat to slavery because they decreased their control over the slaves.
B)In colonial America it was easy for a slave to find a spouse.
C)Slave marriages tended to be enduring and long-lasting.
D)Because of the constant threat that their marriage would be broken up, slaves tended to have weak family bonds.
E)Slave marriages were not legally binding.

Question 15

Which of the following best characterizes Mexican families in the United States?

A)Most Mexican landowners had their land confiscated after the U.S. annexed Mexican territory in 1848, and they ended up becoming laborers on land now owned by others.
B)Mexican Americans have had great difficulty preserving their traditional family structure because of men's long work hours.
C)Families lean toward the nuclear family model.
D)Compadres are the dead ancestors whom Mexican American families worship.
E)Women and men tend to share childrearing but not housekeeping tasks.

Question 16

Which type of societies had subsistence economies?

A)industrial
B)agrarian
C)horticultural
D)postindustrial
E)hunting and gathering

Question 17

Some people think that in the "good old days" we had fewer family problems such as divorce, poverty, or family violence. What do other people say?

A)The good old days only existed prior to the 20th century.
B)The good old days only existed prior to the Industrial Revolution.
C)The good old days were a myth.
D)The good old days only existed for people in rural areas.
E)The good old days only existed for White people.

Question 18

The slave trade in America was well underway by about:

A)1660
B)1690
C)1720
D)1790
E)1850

Question 19

In many ways families in modern industrial and postindustrial societies, such as the U.S., resemble families in ________ societies in terms of their functions, forms, and many of their intimate relationships.

A)hunting and gathering
B)horticultural
C)agricultural
D)both horticultural and agricultural
E)patrician

Question 20

How would we characterize parenting in colonial America?

A)highly permissive
B)few class variations
C)both boys and girls were trained by the mother
D)children were treated as miniature adults in many ways
E)parents averaged 12-14 children, but only 10-11 of them lived

Question 21

Studying family history has shown us that families rarely faced the issues we face today, such as desertion, poverty, children born out of wedlock, cohabitation, alcoholism, unemployment, or abuse.

Question 22

Throughout most of human history, humans used hunting and gathering as their mode of production.

Question 23

The year is 1886. You are 16 years old and have immigrated from Poland with your family. What may have been your experience in the U.S.?

A)You joined the 15 million other immigrants who came to the U.S. between 1830 and 1930.
B)You or your parents may have worked in a clothing factory, as three-quarters of such employees were foreign-born.
C)You quickly joined the middle class, unlike other immigrants from other countries who tended to be poor.
D)Your father went to work, but your mother likely stayed at home and cared for her large family.
E)Your parents had realistic expectations of what life in the U.S. would be like.

Question 24

Bundling is a term used to describe the glorification of women's domestic role.

Question 25

What was so unique about the 1950s?

A)For the first time in a non-war period, married women with children were encouraged to work outside the home.
B)Movies and television portrayed strong, experienced, and intelligent women.
C)The average age at first marriage dropped to 19 years, an all-time low for women.
D)The total fertility rate dropped quickly.
E)People began to move back to the central cities to rebuild the vibrant culture that had been lost to World Wars I and II.

Question 26

Marriages that are based on mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility, and personal happiness are called:

A)compadres
B)shared spheres
C)family reconstitution
D)companionate families
E)open marriage

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of industrialization?

A)Small family farms increasingly could not support themselves and folded.
B)There was considerable movement to urban areas in search of jobs.
C)Working conditions were often extremely dangerous.
D)Jobs were generally separated by sex.
E)Industries sought men, women, and children to work in the factories and mills; however, by 1860 child labor laws were passed prohibiting children under age 14 from working.

Question 28

After Mexican territory was annexed into the U.S., Mexican American family relationships were strong and took precedence over individual needs or wants, a characteristic known as familism.

Question 29

The 1960s and 1970s were a time of significant social change that affected families, including the civil rights movement, the women's movement, and the anti-war movement. What caused society to critically question so many dimensions of social life all at once, according to your text?

A)President Kennedy's assassination
B)the economic recession of the 1960s
C)the sheer number of young adults in society
D)the discontent with the growing number of families on welfare
E)several child abductions that occurred across the country in 1963

Question 30

Who was instrumental in helping the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution be ratified, according to feature box?

A)Mark Spitz
B)Susan B. Anthony
C)Teddy Kennedy
D)Abigail Adams
E)Eleanor Roosevelt

Question 31

Which decade is characterized as one of social change?

A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1980s
D)1990s
E)2000s

Question 32

In colonial America, there was little concept of adolescence; children were treated as miniature adults in many ways.

Question 33

When European explorers and colonists came to the "new world" there were about 3 million natives, who spoke about 50 different languages.

Question 34

In hunting and gathering societies, parents were permissive with their children, but this changed as societies moved toward horticulture and agriculture.

Question 35

Family reconstitution is a theory about the demise of hunting and gathering societies.

Question 36

Increasingly, many new jobs are part-time, sub-contracted, temporary in nature, occur at night, or offer irregular work schedules. These types of jobs are referred to as:

A)recession-building employment
B)separate spheres
C)reconstitution
D)patricians
E)nonstandardized work schedules

Question 37

Fathers in early European families divided their land equally among all their sons, which is called primogeniture.

Question 38

Abolitionists criticized slavery, using passionate images of slave families being broken up on the auction block, thereby destroying opportunities for meaningful family life.

Question 39

The text suggests that understanding history can help us understand today's events, and offers a look at families and the changing economy as an example. What is an economic feature of families today?

A)The unemployment rate is about twice as high as it was in 2007 before the recession.
B)About 10 percent of minimum-wage workers are age 25 or older.
C)Workers are finding that the number of jobs with nonstandard schedules has begun to decline, and this is difficult for couples with children and hard on their marriages.
D)The proportion of workers who work full-time, year-around has increased due to immigration.
E)The minimum wage for teenagers is $1.00 an hour lower than it is for adults.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is TRUE about families in the first half of the 20th century?

A)It is estimated that one in two workers was unemployed and searching for work during the Depression, although this figure likely discounts seasonal workers.
B)During the Depression, discrimination against women was minimal because society recognized that many women were the primary breadwinners in their families.
C)During World War II, women were encouraged to work outside the home as their patriotic duty, but "color bars" continued to severely limit the type of work that minorities could do.
D)The divorce rate rose dramatically during and immediately after World War II.
E)During the 1950s the total fertility rate dropped considerably.

Question 41

The 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920, and finally gave ________ the right to ________.

Question 42

Sonja, her brothers, and her parents moved to the U.S from Eastern Europe during the 1890s, an event called ________.

Question 43

Mexican Americans have a long tradition of machismo, defined as

Question 44

Describe why we study family history, and explain how we do so.

Question 45

The "cult of domesticity" suggested that women's proper role was to support their husbands and nurture their children because the world of work was unsuitable for women's delicate nature and naturally higher moral standards.

Question 46

List at least three (3)economic consequences of the current recession.

Question 47

The "cult of domesticity" refers to ________.

Question 48

________ refers to the average number of births to women.

Question 49

The increase in jobs that are part-time, sub-contracted, temporary in nature, occur at night, or offer irregular work schedules are called nonstandard work schedules.

Question 50

What type(s)of societies tended to have men and women share work and leisure activities, according to Table 3.1?

Question 51

The main reason for the degree of social change brought on in the 1960s is the sheer number of middle-aged people in society.

Question 52

The government, in conjunction with larger media efforts, developed a large propaganda effort during World War II promoting employment as women's patriotic duty.

Question 53

Jose has a set of godparents who, in many ways, serve as an additional set of parents to him. He loves them dearly, and respects them as he does his own mother and father. These godparents may be called ________.

Question 54

What type(s)of societies emphasized extended families, according to Table 3.1?

Question 55

During the Roman era, ________ were the landowners, at the top of the stratification system.

Question 56

Companionate families became the norm during the Industrial Revolution of the mid-19th century as families migrated to cities looking for work and faced significant housing shortages.

Question 57

Detailed written accounts and interpretations of some aspect of culture are called ________.

Question 58

Companionate marriages are defined as:

Question 59

Bundling is defined as:

Question 60

Prior to the ________ War, there were approximately 150,000 free African Americans, yet they faced severe prejudice and discrimination and could not necessarily vote, attend White schools, or hold certain types of jobs.

Question 61

Discuss the economic consequences of the current recession for families.

Question 62

Describe how slavery shaped African American families in colonial America.

Question 63

Write an essay about family life in colonial America. Be sure to describe issues surrounding courtship and partnering, household structure, relationships between husbands and wives, and parenting.

Question 64

Explain how industrialization (and the resulting urbanization)and immigration have changed family life in the U.S.

Question 65

Compare and contrast families in the era of the 1950s with those of the 1960s and 1970s. What factors contributed to the differences between these two eras?

Question 66

Compare and contrast family life in hunting/gathering societies vs. horticultural and agrarian societies.