Deck 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span

Question 1

In boys, pituitary hormones stimulate the testes to increase the output of__________, which in turn causes enlargement of the penis and testes and the appearance of body hair. 

A)insulin  
B)testosterone  
C)cortistatin  
D)oxytocin

Answer 1

testosterone  

Question 2

Which of the following is true of estrogen production in females?  

A)It stimulates the frontal lobes of the brain. 
B)It regulates the activity of the amygdala. 
C)It prevents the growth of pubic hair. 
D)It stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips.

Answer 2

It stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips.

Question 3

At the postconventional level of adolescence, moral judgements are derived from authority figures. 

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Girls can become pregnant immediately after menarche. 

Question 5

During middle adulthood, people are at their height of sensory sharpness, strength, reaction time, and cardiovascular fitness. 

Question 6

Shawna is in her mid-fifties. Her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same city while her parents live with her. She cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. At the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. Shawna is facing the difficulties _____. 

A)of the sandwich generation  
B)of the millennial generation  
C)related to the personal fable  
D)related to the imaginary audience

Question 7

The amygdala is connected to the mother by blood vessels in the uterine wall. 

Question 8

The embryonic stage of pregnancy lasts from the beginning of the third month until the birth of the baby. 

Question 9

Selective optimization with compensation is the reshaping of a person's life to concentrate on what he or she finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment. 

Question 10

People are at the height of their cognitive powers during early adulthood. 

Question 11

According to Jeffrey Arnett, the age of self-focus is characterized by adults experimenting with careers and romantic possibilities. 

Question 12

A feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span. 

Question 13

A child looks at rain and thunder and says that they are caused by the change in weather. In the sensorimotor stage, this is termed as artificialism. 

Question 14

In male adolescents, ejaculatory ability is the evidence of reproductive capacity. 

Question 15

Postconventional reasoning emerges during a person's middle adulthood. 

Question 16

According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the preoperational stage is characterized by the use of words and symbols to represent objects and relationships among them. 

Question 17

According to Piaget, the__________is the second stage of cognitive development in children. 

A)preoperational stage  
B)sensorimotor stage  
C)concrete operational stage  
D)formal operational stage

Question 18

With age, there are very large declines in memory function, and these changes can never be reversed. 

Question 19

According to Piaget, objective responsibility is the assignment of blame according to the motives of the actor rather than the amount of damage done. 

Question 20

In the context of adolescence, girls tend to be more self-conscious than boys. 

Question 21

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?  

A)They have thoughts that generally involve abstract ideas rather than objects that are tangible in nature. 
B)They cannot center on two dimensions of a problem at once. 
C)They attribute life and consciousness to inanimate objects. 
D)They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.

Question 22

The__________is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall. 

A)fetal stage  
B)embryonic stage  
C)germinal stage  
D)epigeal stage

Question 23

A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo, the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. According to Piaget, which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding?  

A)Stimulation  
B)Attribution  
C)Accommodation  
D)Equilibration

Question 24

Emmett is 21 years old. He finished his undergraduate studies and found a job. After a few months, he quit and joined another firm with a different job description. In the same year, he switched apartments more than once, with minimal furniture. Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is best depicted in the scenario?  

A)The age of self-focus  
B)The conventional level  
C)The age of instability  
D)The preconventional level

Question 25

The__________is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. 

A)sensorimotor stage  
B)preoperational stage  
C)concrete operational stage  
D)formal operational stage

Question 26

The placenta:  

A)allows fetal and maternal bloodstreams to mix. 
B)contains amniotic fluid. 
C)acts as a medium for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo. 
D)is the fine, downy hair that covers the fetus in the womb.

Question 27

Richard is 67 years old. His family does not allow him to go anywhere alone because he often forgets his name, address, and the way home. In addition, Richard is unable to follow instructions and do simple chores. Which of the following diseases does Richard most likely have?  

A)Alzheimer's disease  
B)Addison's disease  
C)Crohn's disease  
D)Still's disease

Question 28

A two-year-old child has a pet dog named Sophie. The child visits her neighbor and sees the neighbor's pet dog. Even though the neighbor's dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating?  

A)Assimilation  
B)Accommodation  
C)Attribution  
D)Fixation

Question 29

According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the__________. 

A)postoperational level  
B)preconventional level  
C)postconventional level  
D)preoperational level

Question 30

Which of the following is a similarity between adolescence and emerging adulthood?  

A)Both are associated with the empty-nest syndrome. 
B)Both are ages of frequently changing educational direction. 
C)Both are ages of complete independence from parental influences. 
D)Both are ages of feeling in-between.

Question 31

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the:  

A)zygote gets implanted in the uterine wall. 
B)fetus opens and shuts its eyes. 
C)fingers and toes are formed. 
D)sex organs start to differentiate.

Question 32

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?  

A)The age of identity exploration  
B)The age of self-focus  
C)The age of possibilities  
D)The age of feeling in-between

Question 33

According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, a__________is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus. 

A)refractory period  
B)dormant period  
C)critical period  
D)comfort period

Question 34

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the stage of intimacy versus isolation. 

A)adolescence  
B)young adulthood  
C)middle adulthood  
D)late adulthood

Question 35

In the context of cognitive development,__________is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world. 

A)inclination  
B)fixation  
C)assimilation  
D)accommodation

Question 36

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concepts of__________and accommodation. 

A)socialization  
B)imprinting  
C)assimilation  
D)scaffolding

Question 37

Judy, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child. 

A)artificialism  
B)cognitive scaffolding  
C)proximal development  
D)animism

Question 38

Newborns use the__________to avoid painful stimuli. 

A)Moro reflex  
B)withdrawal reflex  
C)palmar reflex  
D)Babinski reflex

Question 39

According to a research by Kohlberg, children at the preconventional level base their moral judgments on _____. 

A)the consequences of behavior  
B)rules that maintain the social order  
C)personal conscience  
D)the sense of self-reliance

Question 40

The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur during__________. 

A)prenatal development  
B)childhood  
C)adolescent  
D)early adulthood

Question 41

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage?  

A)Recollection of life experiences  
B)Selective optimization with compensation  
C)Inevitability of death  
D)Establishment of close relationships

Question 42

Lena is a mother of two. She has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives from the time her first child was born. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as the society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is demonstrating _____. 

A)egocentrism  
B)stagnation  
C)generativity  
D)assimilation

Question 43

A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places a toy in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son starts searching for the toy. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?  

A)Fixation time  
B)Object reference  
C)Target fixation  
D)Object permanence

Question 44

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the__________. 

A)umbilical cord  
B)uterine tube  
C)fallopian tube  
D)urethra

Question 45

In the context of motor development of children, which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, walking, and running?  

A)These activities are not influenced by environmental factors. 
B)All infants engage in these activities at the same age. 
C)Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence. 
D)These activities are not related to the genetic code.

Question 46

According to Ainsworth, infants who show__________are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return. 

A)avoidant attachment  
B)ambivalent/resistant attachment  
C)secure attachment  
D)anxious-preoccupied attachment

Question 47

Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?  

A)It is shown more generally by vocabulary. 
B)It is shown by solving problems in new areas. 
C)It is typically demonstrated by mental flexibility. 
D)It is demonstrated by the ability to process information rapidly.

Question 48

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter also moved to a different country for her undergraduate studies. Now, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the _____. 

A)sandwich generation  
B)empty-nest syndrome  
C)concept of philophobia  
D)midlife crisis

Question 49

According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development:  

A)appreciate the outer environment more than the world of the imagination. 
B)lack the ability to form attachments. 
C)have poor depth perception. 
D)have the ability to hypothesize.

Question 50

In the context of prenatal development, the male embryo starts producing androgens, male sex hormones, by about the:  

A)second week. 
B)seventh week. 
C)fifth month. 
D)seventh month.

Question 51

Tom, a high school senior, is very clear that he wants to study medicine. He spends his summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all his tests. He subscribes to medical journals so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School. According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, Tom is demonstrating _____. 

A)role diffusion  
B)ego identity  
C)self-indulgence  
D)instrumental competence

Question 52

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?  

A)The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep. 
B)The fetus develops female sex organs regardless of its genetic code. 
C)The fetus's heart has its first heartbeat. 
D)The fetus's nervous system begins to transmit messages.

Question 53

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills when they are in the stage of__________. 

A)industry versus inferiority  
B)trust versus mistrust  
C)autonomy versus shame and doubt  
D)initiative versus guilt

Question 54

Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair?  

A)People experience sexual desires for the first time. 
B)People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history. 
C)People form emotional goals that bring them satisfaction. 
D)People face the empty-nest syndrome for the first time.

Question 55

Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called__________. 

A)assimilating  
B)imprinting  
C)equilibrating  
D)attenuating

Question 56

_____ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development. 

A)Zymogens  
B)Pepsinogens  
C)Androgens  
D)Estrogens

Question 57

According to Ainsworth, securely attached children:  

A)show severe signs of distress when their mothers leave. 
B)are closer to their fathers than their mothers. 
C)develop psychological disorders during adolescence. 
D)seek interaction with their mother upon reunion after separation.

Question 58

In the context of the perceptual development of infants,__________is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus. 

A)organization time  
B)imprinting time  
C)fixation time  
D)integration time

Question 59

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is a characteristic of children in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?  

A)Children need to develop feelings of self-control over physical functions. 
B)Children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills. 
C)Children meet academic and social challenges in school. 
D)Children alternate between feelings of a sense of industry and feelings of inferiority.

Question 60

Ophelia is 51 years old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _____ of middle adulthood. 

A)identity crisis  
B)climacteric phase  
C)personal fable  
D)objective responsibility

Question 61

According to Arnett, which of the following is most likely a part of the emerging adulthood stage?  

A)Experiments with career possibilities  
B)Egocentrism  
C)Mid-life crisis due to a stagnant career  
D)The empty-nest syndrome

Question 62

In the context of Piaget's stages of cognitive development of children, the__________is characterized by egocentrism. 

A)concrete operational stage  
B)preoperational stage  
C)formal operational stage  
D)sensorimotor stage

Question 63

In the context of prenatal development, the fetal stage lasts from:  

A)the conception to the implantation. 
B)the implantation until about the fourth week of development. 
C)the beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth. 
D)the second month of pregnancy to the third month.

Question 64

A pregnant woman undergoes an ultrasound in the second month of her pregnancy and hears the heartbeat of her developing child for the first time. She is told that at this stage of her pregnancy the head of the developing child will start changing shape, and its facial features will start becoming easier to identify. The _____ of prenatal development is depicted in this scenario. 

A)fetal stage  
B)germinal stage  
C)embryonic stage  
D)radicle stage

Question 65

In Piaget's stages of cognitive development of children, the__________comes to a close with the acquisition of the basics of language at about age two. 

A)sensorimotor stage  
B)formal operational stage  
C)preoperational stage  
D)concrete operational stage

Question 66

Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _____. 

A)fluid intelligence  
B)crystallized intelligence  
C)abstract intelligence  
D)spatial intelligence

Question 67

A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects. Then, he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at any one stimulus or object. This shows the baby's visual preference. In this scenario, the researcher is most likely measuring the baby's _____. 

A)attachment time  
B)fixation time  
C)orientation time  
D)assimilation time

Question 68

According to Erik Erikson, adolescents who do not develop__________may experience role diffusion. 

A)an id  
B)a super-ego  
C)racial identity  
D)ego identity

Question 69

According to Ainsworth's strange situation method, upon reunion with their mothers after separation, infants with resistant attachment:  

A)seek interaction and are readily comforted by their mother. 
B)alternately cling to and push their mother away. 
C)cry and throw tantrums. 
D)ignore their mother.

Question 70

According to Kohlberg, postconventional reasoning usually emerges in _____. 

A)adulthood  
B)late adulthood  
C)adolescence  
D)childhood

Question 71

__________are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli. 

A)Schemas  
B)Scaffoldings  
C)Attachments  
D)Reflexes

Question 72

Which of the following is true of children specifically in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?  

A)They begin to show an interest in how things are constructed. 
B)They show the capacity for adult logic that involves tangible objects. 
C)They are unable to focus on two dimensions of a problem at once. 
D)They focus primarily on abstract ideas.

Question 73

The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by:  

A)children being absorbed in watching themselves close and open their hands. 
B)children thinking in two dimensions. 
C)children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects. 
D)children being able to engage in complex moral reasoning.

Question 74

Timmy's father does not show affection for Timmy, forces Timmy to act in specific ways, and does not allow Timmy to ever disagree with him. According to Diana Baumrind's theory on parenting styles, Timmy's father displays the _____ style of parenting. 

A)submissive  
B)authoritative  
C)authoritarian  
D)permissive

Question 75

__________is best described as the process of responding to a new stimulus through existing cognitive structures. 

A)Accommodation  
B)Assimilation  
C)Decentration  
D)Stimulation

Question 76

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario?  

A)The concept of cognitive scaffolding  
B)The concept of objective responsibility  
C)The concept of the personal fable  
D)The concept of the imaginary audience

Question 77

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of:  

A)trust versus mistrust. 
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)initiative versus guilt. 
D)industry versus inferiority.

Question 78

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the:  

A)increase of egocentrism in children during the process of cognitive development. 
B)development of moral reasoning in children. 
C)self-actualization needs of children. 
D)influence of teachers on children's cognitive development.

Question 79

The__________is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus. 

A)amniotic sac  
B)thecal sac  
C)bursa sac  
D)yolk sac

Question 80

A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound. She hears the strong heartbeat of the developing child. She is also able to see its fingers and toes. She tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is depicted in the scenario?  

A)The fetal stage  
B)The embryonic stage  
C)The germinal stage  
D)The implantation stage