Deck 39: Infections in Special Populations

Question 1

What are patients called who have a serious disease and who are highly predisposed to infections by a variety of opportunistic bacterial,fungal,parasitic,and viral pathogens?

A) Elderly
B) Immunocompromised
C) Defective
D) Extraneous

Answer 1

B
The term immunocompromised is used to describe patients with serious diseases who are highly predisposed to infections by a variety of opportunistic bacterial,fungal,parasitic,and viral pathogens.

Question 2

The parts of the host defense system include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Specialized immune system
B) Innate immune system
C) Acquired immune system
D) Nonspecific general barriers

Answer 2

A
The various components of the immune system help control daily insults,ward off infectious diseases,or minimize the damage caused by infections.The three parts of the immune system are the nonspecific general barriers,the innate immune system,and the acquired immune system.

Question 3

What is usually the leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients?

A) HIV
B) Hepatitis C
C) Infections
D) Congestive heart failure

Answer 3

C
The potential gain in years of useful life for many patients through successful management and treatment of diseases is offset by serious effects on the immune system.As a result,infection,rather than the primary illness,becomes the leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients.

Question 4

What immune mechanism is decreased in patients with malignancy?

A) Cell-mediated immune response
B) Antibody production
C) Nonspecific response
D) Mucous membranes

Question 5

What two parasitic agents commonly affect patients with malignancy?

A) Giardia lamblia and Listeria monocytogenes
B) Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia
C) Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) and Toxoplasma gondii
D) Toxoplasma gondii and Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 6

All of the following may result in immunosuppression EXCEPT:

A) HIV infection
B) Acute leukemia
C) Anemia
D) Chemotherapy

Question 7

Postsplenectomy patients are susceptible to infection with all the following agents EXCEPT:

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Neisseria meningitidis
D) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

What is the granulocyte count below which the risk of infection increases steadily?

A) 5000 cells/mm3
B) 1000 cells/mm3
C) 500 cells/mm3
D) 200 cells/mm3

Question 9

All of the following immune defense mechanisms in burn patients are depressed EXCEPT:

A) Humoral defense mechanisms
B) Complement activity
C) Cell-mediated defenses
D) IgG

Question 10

When a child with cancer contracts cytomegalovirus (CMV),how does it manifest?

A) Renal failure
B) Pneumonia
C) Septicemia
D) Meningitis

Question 11

What condition is most likely to occur in patients with neutropenia?

A) Pneumonia
B) Bronchitis
C) Meningitis
D) Septicemia

Question 12

In what disease do we see a decrease in the number of neutrophils,inadequate neutrophil function,including the inability to migrate to sites of inflammation,impaired phagocytosis,and reduced killing of ingested organisms that lead to a predisposition to infection?

A) Anemia
B) Hypogammaglobulinemia
C) Hodgkin's disease
D) Hypergammaglobulinemia

Question 13

Chemotherapy does all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Inhibit inflammation
B) Reduce capillary permeability
C) Decrease cellular exudation
D) Inhibit neutrophils ability to destroy bacteria

Question 14

What is the disease that 75% of the patients with hematologic malignancies contract?

A) Meningitis
B) Septicemia
C) Pneumonia
D) Osteomyelitis

Question 15

What bacteria are people with C3 deficiency particularly susceptible to?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Toxoplasma gondii
C) Listeria monocytogenes
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 16

Organ transplant patients may develop all of the following infections 1 to 6 months after transplantation EXCEPT:

A) Epstein-Barr virus
B) Varicella-zoster virus
C) Influenzae virus
D) Hepatitis virus