Deck 41: Ocular Infections

Question 1

What is the vitreous humor made of?

A) Water
B) Collagen
C) Hyaluronic acid
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D
The vitreous chamber is filled with a gelatinous material (comprising 99% water,collagen fibers,and hyaluronic acid)and makes up about two thirds of the volume of the eye.

Question 2

What condition is considered a true ocular emergency?

A) Conjunctivitis
B) Blepharitis
C) Microbial keratitis
D) Yellowing of the sclera

Answer 2

C
Microbial keratitis is considered a true ocular emergency.Few organisms can invade the intact cornea.

Question 3

Because the ocular structures occupy only about one fifth of the orbital cavity,what fills it up?

A) Muscle and skin
B) Fat and skin
C) Fat and muscle
D) Nerves and muscles

Answer 3

C
The ocular structures actually occupy only about one fifth of the orbital cavity,with fat and muscle filling the rest of the space.

Question 4

All the following glands are located in the eyelids EXCEPT:

A) Glands of Bleph
B) Glands of Moll
C) Glands of Zeis
D) Meibomian gland

Question 5

In warm climate,what organism is the most frequently isolated pathogen?

A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) N. gonorrhea
D) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 6

What is the retina?

A) Light-sensitive neural tissue
B) Vitreous humor
C) Collagen fibers
D) Light-sensitive muscle tissue

Question 7

What is blepharitis?

A) Inflammation of the conjunctiva
B) Inflammation of the sclera
C) Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
D) Inflammation of the lid margins

Question 8

What organism causes neonatal conjunctivitis,lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV),and trachoma?

A) Chlamydia trachomatis
B) Streptococcus trachomatis
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Neisseria meningitidis

Question 9

A layer of tears blankets the cornea to provide all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Waste elimination
B) Optical clarity
C) Lubrication
D) Nutrition

Question 10

What is the thinnest skin covering in the body?

A) Eyeball
B) Lips
C) Eyelids
D) Nose

Question 11

All of the following factors determine whether a pathogen can cause disease in the eye EXCEPT:

A) Immune status of host
B) Health of normal florae
C) Integrity of underlying tissue
D) Host's immune system

Question 12

What is the function of the curved corneal surface?

A) To refract light
B) To collect light
C) To focus light
D) All of the above

Question 13

What contains enzymes and other factors that protect the conjunctiva from microbial invasion?

A) Skin
B) Tears
C) Upper lid
D) Lower lid

Question 14

All of the following viruses cause acute viral conjunctivitis EXCEPT:

A) Adenovirus
B) Caliciviruses
C) Herpesviruses
D) Enteroviruses

Question 15

All of the following are risk factors associated with ocular infection EXCEPT:

A) Age
B) Sex
C) Personal hygiene
D) Social economic status

Question 16

What is the composition of the sclera?

A) Mucous membrane
B) Collagen
C) Epithelial cells
D) Vitreous humor

Question 17

What is the indigenous ocular microbial flora?

A) Mobiluncus and Lactobacillus
B) Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacteria
C) Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus
D) Moraxella and Corynebacteria

Question 18

The visual system is composed of all the following EXCEPT:

A) Eyelid
B) Neural pathways
C) Orbital bones
D) Muscles

Question 19

The lacrimal apparatus is composed of all the following EXCEPT:

A) Lacrimal gland
B) Canaliculi
C) Tear sac
D) Optic nerve

Question 20

What worm can be pulled from the eye and is responsible for causing blindness in West Africa?

A) Hookworm
B) Pinworm
C) Loa loa
D) Whipworm

Question 21

What are the most frequent etiologic agents of endophthalmitis?

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis
B) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Escherichia coli

Question 22

A patient who makes her own saline solution for her contact lenses is examined at her physician's office because she has a blood red,infected right eye.The doctor performs bacterial,fungal,and viral cultures,all of which are negative.What is the most probable cause of this infection?

A) Acanthamoeba spp.
B) Entamoeba spp.
C) Trypanosoma spp.
D) Leishmania spp.

Question 23

Microorganisms can gain entry into orbital tissue in all the following ways EXCEPT:

A) Surgery
B) Eyelid infections
C) Dental caries
D) Carrying organisms in the nasopharynx

Question 24

When performing ophthalmic cultures,what is very important?

A) The specimen must be taken immediately to the lab.
B) The sample must be collected in a sterile, leak-proof container.
C) The specimen requisition must be filled out completely.
D) The ophthalmologist must communicate with the personnel performing the culture.

Question 25

How do bacteria cause keratitis associated with contact lenses?

A) Biofilm formation
B) Growth in the contact lens
C) Attachment to the lens
D) Contamination of the fluid coating the lens

Question 26

Retinitis with this organism is common in AIDS patients.

A) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
B) Arenavirus
C) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 27

All the following diseases are associated with uveitis EXCEPT:

A) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
B) HIV
C) Reiter's syndrome
D) Systemic lupus

Question 28

Which condition is a medical emergency in children?

A) Chronic sinusitis
B) Lacrimitis
C) Preseptal cellulitis
D) Orbital cellulitis

Question 29

What compromises vision and must be treated aggressively with antimicrobials or surgery?

A) Epithelial infection
B) Infection in the Bowman zone
C) Stromal infection
D) Perforation of the Descemet's membrane

Question 30

What is the leading cause of infectious blindness and ocular morbidity in the United States?

A) Epstein-Barr virus
B) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
C) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
D) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 31

What is the most common route of administration for ophthalmic drugs?

A) Topical
B) Intravenous
C) Intramuscularly
D) Oral

Question 32

What is the most common infection of the lacrimal gland?

A) Blepharitis
B) Dacryocystitis
C) Canaliculitis
D) Conjunctivitis