Deck 2: Brand Communication

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
The marketing mix is also known as the ________.

A) four Cs
B) four Ms
C) competitive advantage
D) marketing channel
E) four Ps
استخدم زر المسافة أو
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سؤال
Marcom is an abbreviation for ________.

A) marketing company
B) marketing communication
C) market company
D) market communication
E) market community
سؤال
What term is used to mean a place or a particular type of buyer?

A) market
B) position
C) channel
D) demographic
E) partner
سؤال
The various marketing communication messages and brand experiences that create and maintain a brand are referred to collectively as ________.

A) brand position
B) point of differentiation
C) brand communication
D) added value
E) integrated marketing
سؤال
________ markets include a wide variety of profit and nonprofit organizations,such as hospitals,government agencies,and schools,that provide goods and services for the benefit of society.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Channel
D) Institutional
E) Distribution
سؤال
Which of the following are considered "key players" in the marketing industry?

A) marketers
B) suppliers or vendors
C) distributors or retailers
D) agencies
E) all of the above
سؤال
The materials and ingredients used in producing the product are obtained from other companies that are referred to as the producer's ________.

A) marketers
B) suppliers or vendors
C) distributors or retailers
D) agencies
E) exchangers
سؤال
________ markets consist of companies that buy products or services to use in their own businesses or in making other products.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Distribution
D) Institutional
E) Indirect
سؤال
Resellers in a channel market are also known as ________.

A) suppliers
B) vendors
C) intermediaries
D) shareholders
E) competitors
سؤال
________ markets consist of people who buy products and services for personal or household use.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Channel
D) Institutional
E) Media
سؤال
Most advertising dollars are spent on ________ markets.

A) consumer
B) business-to-business
C) media
D) channel
E) institutional
سؤال
The percentage of the total sales in a product category that a particular brand has is called the brand's ________.

A) position
B) market segment
C) distribution
D) share of market
E) exchange
سؤال
Which of the following is NOT considered a main type of market?

A) consumer
B) business-to-business
C) channel
D) institutional
E) media
سؤال
Which key player in marketing refers to the organization,company,or manufacturer producing the product and offering it for sale?

A) marketer
B) supplier or vendor
C) distributor or retailer
D) agency
E) brand manager
سؤال
The complex network of vendors that produce components and ingredients which are then sold to the manufacturer is known as the ________.

A) network chain
B) channel of distribution
C) supply chain
D) ingredient chain
E) distribution chain
سؤال
You would most likely be able to purchase package goods at a(n)________.

A) distribution warehouse
B) fast food restaurant
C) drugstore
D) automotive retailer
E) clothing store
سؤال
________ markets are made up of members of a company's distribution chain.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Channel
D) Institutional
E) Media
سؤال
The four tools of product,price,place,and promotion are collectively referred to as the ________.

A) product mix
B) promotion mix
C) marketing mix
D) integration elements
E) exchange elements
سؤال
The goal of marketing is achieved by matching a product's availability to the ________.

A) competition's availability
B) previous year's level of sales
C) company's production capabilities
D) consumers' need, desire, or demand for the product
E) legal limits of availability
سؤال
The ________ refers to the various companies that are involved in moving a product from its manufacturer into the hands of its end buyers.

A) network chain
B) distribution chain
C) supply chain
D) ingredient chain
E) promotion network
سؤال
Which element of the marketing mix includes distribution channels and market coverage?

A) product
B) promotion
C) price
D) communication
E) place
سؤال
A consumer's ability to gauge the value of a product is referred to as the ________.

A) psychological price
B) price/value proposition
C) exchange rate
D) comparative price
E) value exchange
سؤال
Which strategy directs marketing efforts at the consumer?

A) push
B) exchange
C) pull
D) coverage
E) cooperative
سؤال
Firms usually reach ________ markets through mass media and other marketing communication tools.

A) consumer
B) business-to-business
C) media
D) channel
E) institutional
سؤال
Which marketing mix element includes personal selling,advertising,public relations,sales promotion,direct marketing,and events and sponsorships?

A) price
B) distribution
C) product
D) place
E) promotion
سؤال
Using ________,a marketer sets a high price for a product to make the product seem worthy or valuable.

A) prestige pricing
B) value pricing
C) distribution pricing
D) promotional pricing
E) customary pricing
سؤال
Which of the following refers to the help provided to a customer before,during,and after a purchase?

A) customer service
B) brand stewardship
C) brand management
D) relationship marketing
E) integrated marketing
سؤال
The promotion "P" of marketing is also known as ________.

A) product
B) distribution
C) price
D) marketing communication
E) differentiation
سؤال
When a company distributes its products directly to buyers without the use of a reseller,the company is using ________.

A) indirect marketing
B) no-channel marketing
C) direct marketing
D) indirect channel marketing
E) integrated marketing
سؤال
In which type of personal selling does a sales clerk provide assistance for customers at a store?

A) prospecting
B) field sales
C) retail selling
D) direct marketing
E) lead selling
سؤال
Which pricing strategy is used to communicate a dramatic or temporary price reduction?

A) promotional pricing
B) value pricing
C) parity pricing
D) copy pricing
E) customary pricing
سؤال
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a factor on which the price of a product is based?

A) what the market will bear
B) the amount of support provided by resellers
C) the economic well-being of the consumer
D) the consumer's ability to gauge the value of the product
E) the relative value of the product
سؤال
Which of the following is NOT a way advertising adds value to a product?

A) making the product appear more desirable
B) presenting the product as a status symbol
C) making the product more convenient for consumers to buy
D) providing news and useful information of interest to consumers
E) All of the above are ways advertising adds value to a product.
سؤال
Which of the following does NOT add value to a product?

A) advertising
B) convenience
C) useful features
D) branding
E) All of the above add value to a product.
سؤال
In which type of personal selling does a representative make sales calls at a customer's place of business?

A) prospecting
B) field sales
C) retail selling
D) direct marketing
E) lead selling
سؤال
Trade journals and professional magazines are examples of ________.

A) mass media
B) specialized media
C) direct media
D) personal selling
E) trade markets
سؤال
Which pricing strategy uses marketing communication to manipulate the customer's judgment of value?

A) psychological pricing
B) true pricing
C) distribution pricing
D) copy pricing
E) customary pricing
سؤال
In marketing terms,"word-of-mouth" refers to ________.

A) brand communication
B) personal communication
C) relationship marketing
D) personal selling
E) direct marketing
سؤال
Which marketing mix element includes product design and development,performance,branding,and packaging?

A) distribution
B) branding
C) product
D) place
E) promotion
سؤال
How a brand is different and superior in some way is referred to as ________.

A) brand parity
B) brand equity
C) competitive advantage
D) psychological pricing
E) brand meaning
سؤال
Brand value comes in two forms: the value to the ________ and the value to the ________.

A) consumer; competitor
B) consumer; corporation
C) competitor; channel
D) corporation; competitor
E) shareholder; stakeholder
سؤال
Which of the following was the top global brand,based on brand value,in 2012?

A) Google
B) Apple
C) Coca-Cola
D) McDonald's
E) Walmart
سؤال
Which of the following refers specifically to creating the intangible elements of a brand that make it memorable and meaningful to a consumer?

A) advertising
B) branding
C) exchanging
D) marketing
E) integrating
سؤال
More companies are adopting the concept of ________,which is the practice of unifying all brand communication messages and tools as well as the messages from the marketing mix decisions.

A) integrated marketing communications
B) integrated personal selling
C) integrated competitive methods
D) nonpersonal communication channels
E) buzz marketing
سؤال
Which marketing communication tool uses face-to-face contact between the marketer and a prospective customer?

A) advertising
B) sales promotion
C) public relations
D) personal sales
E) customary marketing
سؤال
________ refers to how consumers see a brand relative to the other brands in the product category.

A) Segmenting
B) Targeting
C) Differentiating
D) Positioning
E) Trademarking
سؤال
Which of the following is a tangible feature of a brand?

A) a person's feelings about the brand
B) a person's experience with the brand
C) the product's performance
D) the product's perceived value
E) the brand's image
سؤال
A(n)________ is a perception,often imbued with emotion,which results from experiences with and information about a company or a line of products.

A) advertisement
B) brand
C) tagline
D) logo
E) trademark
سؤال
Which of the following is an intangible feature of a brand?

A) the product's design
B) the product's performance
C) the product's package
D) the product's perceived value
E) the product's ingredients or components
سؤال
Parity products are those that have ________.

A) no brand name
B) few competitors
C) few distinguishing features
D) a store's label
E) a generic label
سؤال
Which of the following exists in consumers' hearts and minds?

A) brand equity
B) brand parity
C) brand concept
D) brand trademark
E) brand license
سؤال
A(n)________ strategy directs marketing efforts at resellers,and success depends on the ability of these intermediaries to market the product,which they often do with advertising.

A) push
B) pull
C) coverage
D) direct
E) exchange
سؤال
Brand ________ programs offer customers rewards for repeat business.

A) value
B) equity
C) extension
D) integration
E) loyalty
سؤال
Bold,fun,exciting,and daring are all examples of ________.

A) brand promises
B) brand positions
C) brand personalities
D) brand equities
E) brand value
سؤال
Integrated marketing communications produces better communications ________.

A) consistency
B) sales
C) simplicity
D) variety
E) independence
سؤال
A ________ is a legal sign that indicates ownership.

A) trademark
B) logo
C) brand
D) patent
E) brand position
سؤال
Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality for a brand name?

A) It should suggest something about the product's benefits and qualities.
B) It should be easy to pronounce, recognize, and remember.
C) The brand should be a long word to get attention.
D) The name should translate easily into foreign languages.
E) It should be distinctive.
سؤال
________ is the intangible value of the brand based on the relationships with its stakeholders,as well as intellectual property.

A) Brand position
B) Brand parity
C) Brand image
D) Brand identity
E) Brand equity
سؤال
Which of the following measures the financial value the brand contributes to a company?

A) trademark
B) copyright
C) brand image
D) brand identity
E) brand equity
سؤال
Hamburgers and toothpaste are both examples of ________.

A) services
B) ideas
C) brands
D) products
E) markets
سؤال
Which of the following is a strategy that uses two brand names owned by two separate companies to create a partnership offering?

A) co-branding
B) equity branding
C) brand licensing
D) integrated branding
E) parity branding
سؤال
A(n)________ brand is available in a number of different countries in various parts of the world.

A) parity
B) local
C) regional
D) extension
E) international
سؤال
The channel of distribution refers to the complex network of suppliers who produce components and ingredients that are then sold to the manufacturer.
سؤال
Which of the following refers to the rapid spread of a brand message on the Internet through a wide network of contacts?

A) brand stewardship
B) brand parity
C) direct marketing
D) indirect marketing
E) viral marketing
سؤال
A company that uses an established brand name with a related line of products is using a(n)________.

A) co-brand
B) ingredient brand
C) brand extension
D) licensed brand
E) brand parity
سؤال
Institutional markets consist of people who buy products and services for personal use.
سؤال
The key players in the marketing industry include the marketer,suppliers and vendors,distributors and retailers,and marketing partners,such as agencies.
سؤال
Institutional markets are made up of nonprofit organizations only.
سؤال
A ________ brand is one that is marketed in a single country.

A) house
B) local
C) regional
D) store
E) private
سؤال
A company that takes a ________ approach to international marketing tries to make accommodations in its marketing mix for cultural differences.

A) parity
B) domestic
C) global
D) standardized
E) localized
سؤال
The supply chain refers to the various companies that are involved in moving a product from its manufacturer into the hands of its buyer.
سؤال
The materials and ingredients used in producing the product are obtained from other companies who are referred to as distributors.
سؤال
Using ________,a partner company rents another company's brand name and transfers some of that brand equity to another product.

A) co-branding
B) equity branding
C) brand licensing
D) integrated branding
E) parity branding
سؤال
________ refers to the use of a brand name of a component in another product's advertising and promotion.

A) Co-branding
B) Ingredient branding
C) Inside branding
D) Brand licensing
E) Integrated branding
سؤال
Brand relationship communication aims to do which of the following?

A) introduce a product
B) demonstrate a product's effectiveness
C) extend a brand's image to a new product
D) highlight a competitive advantage
E) build trust with customers
سؤال
Only manufacturers advertise.
سؤال
The goal in marketing is to sell as many products as possible.
سؤال
A market can refer to either a place or a particular type of buyer.
سؤال
Through its communication of a ________,a brand sets expectations for what a customer believes will happen when the product is used.

A) brand promise
B) point of differentiation
C) competitive advantage
D) brand personality
E) brand equity
سؤال
The term stakeholders refers to customers of a product as well as employees of the company that produces and markets the product.
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 2: Brand Communication
1
The marketing mix is also known as the ________.

A) four Cs
B) four Ms
C) competitive advantage
D) marketing channel
E) four Ps
E
2
Marcom is an abbreviation for ________.

A) marketing company
B) marketing communication
C) market company
D) market communication
E) market community
B
3
What term is used to mean a place or a particular type of buyer?

A) market
B) position
C) channel
D) demographic
E) partner
A
4
The various marketing communication messages and brand experiences that create and maintain a brand are referred to collectively as ________.

A) brand position
B) point of differentiation
C) brand communication
D) added value
E) integrated marketing
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5
________ markets include a wide variety of profit and nonprofit organizations,such as hospitals,government agencies,and schools,that provide goods and services for the benefit of society.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Channel
D) Institutional
E) Distribution
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6
Which of the following are considered "key players" in the marketing industry?

A) marketers
B) suppliers or vendors
C) distributors or retailers
D) agencies
E) all of the above
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7
The materials and ingredients used in producing the product are obtained from other companies that are referred to as the producer's ________.

A) marketers
B) suppliers or vendors
C) distributors or retailers
D) agencies
E) exchangers
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8
________ markets consist of companies that buy products or services to use in their own businesses or in making other products.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Distribution
D) Institutional
E) Indirect
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9
Resellers in a channel market are also known as ________.

A) suppliers
B) vendors
C) intermediaries
D) shareholders
E) competitors
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10
________ markets consist of people who buy products and services for personal or household use.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Channel
D) Institutional
E) Media
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11
Most advertising dollars are spent on ________ markets.

A) consumer
B) business-to-business
C) media
D) channel
E) institutional
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12
The percentage of the total sales in a product category that a particular brand has is called the brand's ________.

A) position
B) market segment
C) distribution
D) share of market
E) exchange
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13
Which of the following is NOT considered a main type of market?

A) consumer
B) business-to-business
C) channel
D) institutional
E) media
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14
Which key player in marketing refers to the organization,company,or manufacturer producing the product and offering it for sale?

A) marketer
B) supplier or vendor
C) distributor or retailer
D) agency
E) brand manager
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15
The complex network of vendors that produce components and ingredients which are then sold to the manufacturer is known as the ________.

A) network chain
B) channel of distribution
C) supply chain
D) ingredient chain
E) distribution chain
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16
You would most likely be able to purchase package goods at a(n)________.

A) distribution warehouse
B) fast food restaurant
C) drugstore
D) automotive retailer
E) clothing store
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17
________ markets are made up of members of a company's distribution chain.

A) Consumer
B) Business-to-business
C) Channel
D) Institutional
E) Media
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18
The four tools of product,price,place,and promotion are collectively referred to as the ________.

A) product mix
B) promotion mix
C) marketing mix
D) integration elements
E) exchange elements
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19
The goal of marketing is achieved by matching a product's availability to the ________.

A) competition's availability
B) previous year's level of sales
C) company's production capabilities
D) consumers' need, desire, or demand for the product
E) legal limits of availability
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20
The ________ refers to the various companies that are involved in moving a product from its manufacturer into the hands of its end buyers.

A) network chain
B) distribution chain
C) supply chain
D) ingredient chain
E) promotion network
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21
Which element of the marketing mix includes distribution channels and market coverage?

A) product
B) promotion
C) price
D) communication
E) place
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22
A consumer's ability to gauge the value of a product is referred to as the ________.

A) psychological price
B) price/value proposition
C) exchange rate
D) comparative price
E) value exchange
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23
Which strategy directs marketing efforts at the consumer?

A) push
B) exchange
C) pull
D) coverage
E) cooperative
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24
Firms usually reach ________ markets through mass media and other marketing communication tools.

A) consumer
B) business-to-business
C) media
D) channel
E) institutional
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25
Which marketing mix element includes personal selling,advertising,public relations,sales promotion,direct marketing,and events and sponsorships?

A) price
B) distribution
C) product
D) place
E) promotion
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26
Using ________,a marketer sets a high price for a product to make the product seem worthy or valuable.

A) prestige pricing
B) value pricing
C) distribution pricing
D) promotional pricing
E) customary pricing
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27
Which of the following refers to the help provided to a customer before,during,and after a purchase?

A) customer service
B) brand stewardship
C) brand management
D) relationship marketing
E) integrated marketing
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28
The promotion "P" of marketing is also known as ________.

A) product
B) distribution
C) price
D) marketing communication
E) differentiation
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29
When a company distributes its products directly to buyers without the use of a reseller,the company is using ________.

A) indirect marketing
B) no-channel marketing
C) direct marketing
D) indirect channel marketing
E) integrated marketing
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30
In which type of personal selling does a sales clerk provide assistance for customers at a store?

A) prospecting
B) field sales
C) retail selling
D) direct marketing
E) lead selling
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31
Which pricing strategy is used to communicate a dramatic or temporary price reduction?

A) promotional pricing
B) value pricing
C) parity pricing
D) copy pricing
E) customary pricing
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32
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a factor on which the price of a product is based?

A) what the market will bear
B) the amount of support provided by resellers
C) the economic well-being of the consumer
D) the consumer's ability to gauge the value of the product
E) the relative value of the product
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33
Which of the following is NOT a way advertising adds value to a product?

A) making the product appear more desirable
B) presenting the product as a status symbol
C) making the product more convenient for consumers to buy
D) providing news and useful information of interest to consumers
E) All of the above are ways advertising adds value to a product.
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34
Which of the following does NOT add value to a product?

A) advertising
B) convenience
C) useful features
D) branding
E) All of the above add value to a product.
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35
In which type of personal selling does a representative make sales calls at a customer's place of business?

A) prospecting
B) field sales
C) retail selling
D) direct marketing
E) lead selling
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36
Trade journals and professional magazines are examples of ________.

A) mass media
B) specialized media
C) direct media
D) personal selling
E) trade markets
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37
Which pricing strategy uses marketing communication to manipulate the customer's judgment of value?

A) psychological pricing
B) true pricing
C) distribution pricing
D) copy pricing
E) customary pricing
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38
In marketing terms,"word-of-mouth" refers to ________.

A) brand communication
B) personal communication
C) relationship marketing
D) personal selling
E) direct marketing
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39
Which marketing mix element includes product design and development,performance,branding,and packaging?

A) distribution
B) branding
C) product
D) place
E) promotion
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40
How a brand is different and superior in some way is referred to as ________.

A) brand parity
B) brand equity
C) competitive advantage
D) psychological pricing
E) brand meaning
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41
Brand value comes in two forms: the value to the ________ and the value to the ________.

A) consumer; competitor
B) consumer; corporation
C) competitor; channel
D) corporation; competitor
E) shareholder; stakeholder
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42
Which of the following was the top global brand,based on brand value,in 2012?

A) Google
B) Apple
C) Coca-Cola
D) McDonald's
E) Walmart
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43
Which of the following refers specifically to creating the intangible elements of a brand that make it memorable and meaningful to a consumer?

A) advertising
B) branding
C) exchanging
D) marketing
E) integrating
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44
More companies are adopting the concept of ________,which is the practice of unifying all brand communication messages and tools as well as the messages from the marketing mix decisions.

A) integrated marketing communications
B) integrated personal selling
C) integrated competitive methods
D) nonpersonal communication channels
E) buzz marketing
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45
Which marketing communication tool uses face-to-face contact between the marketer and a prospective customer?

A) advertising
B) sales promotion
C) public relations
D) personal sales
E) customary marketing
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46
________ refers to how consumers see a brand relative to the other brands in the product category.

A) Segmenting
B) Targeting
C) Differentiating
D) Positioning
E) Trademarking
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47
Which of the following is a tangible feature of a brand?

A) a person's feelings about the brand
B) a person's experience with the brand
C) the product's performance
D) the product's perceived value
E) the brand's image
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48
A(n)________ is a perception,often imbued with emotion,which results from experiences with and information about a company or a line of products.

A) advertisement
B) brand
C) tagline
D) logo
E) trademark
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49
Which of the following is an intangible feature of a brand?

A) the product's design
B) the product's performance
C) the product's package
D) the product's perceived value
E) the product's ingredients or components
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50
Parity products are those that have ________.

A) no brand name
B) few competitors
C) few distinguishing features
D) a store's label
E) a generic label
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51
Which of the following exists in consumers' hearts and minds?

A) brand equity
B) brand parity
C) brand concept
D) brand trademark
E) brand license
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52
A(n)________ strategy directs marketing efforts at resellers,and success depends on the ability of these intermediaries to market the product,which they often do with advertising.

A) push
B) pull
C) coverage
D) direct
E) exchange
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53
Brand ________ programs offer customers rewards for repeat business.

A) value
B) equity
C) extension
D) integration
E) loyalty
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54
Bold,fun,exciting,and daring are all examples of ________.

A) brand promises
B) brand positions
C) brand personalities
D) brand equities
E) brand value
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55
Integrated marketing communications produces better communications ________.

A) consistency
B) sales
C) simplicity
D) variety
E) independence
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56
A ________ is a legal sign that indicates ownership.

A) trademark
B) logo
C) brand
D) patent
E) brand position
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57
Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality for a brand name?

A) It should suggest something about the product's benefits and qualities.
B) It should be easy to pronounce, recognize, and remember.
C) The brand should be a long word to get attention.
D) The name should translate easily into foreign languages.
E) It should be distinctive.
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58
________ is the intangible value of the brand based on the relationships with its stakeholders,as well as intellectual property.

A) Brand position
B) Brand parity
C) Brand image
D) Brand identity
E) Brand equity
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59
Which of the following measures the financial value the brand contributes to a company?

A) trademark
B) copyright
C) brand image
D) brand identity
E) brand equity
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60
Hamburgers and toothpaste are both examples of ________.

A) services
B) ideas
C) brands
D) products
E) markets
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61
Which of the following is a strategy that uses two brand names owned by two separate companies to create a partnership offering?

A) co-branding
B) equity branding
C) brand licensing
D) integrated branding
E) parity branding
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62
A(n)________ brand is available in a number of different countries in various parts of the world.

A) parity
B) local
C) regional
D) extension
E) international
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63
The channel of distribution refers to the complex network of suppliers who produce components and ingredients that are then sold to the manufacturer.
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64
Which of the following refers to the rapid spread of a brand message on the Internet through a wide network of contacts?

A) brand stewardship
B) brand parity
C) direct marketing
D) indirect marketing
E) viral marketing
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65
A company that uses an established brand name with a related line of products is using a(n)________.

A) co-brand
B) ingredient brand
C) brand extension
D) licensed brand
E) brand parity
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66
Institutional markets consist of people who buy products and services for personal use.
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67
The key players in the marketing industry include the marketer,suppliers and vendors,distributors and retailers,and marketing partners,such as agencies.
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68
Institutional markets are made up of nonprofit organizations only.
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69
A ________ brand is one that is marketed in a single country.

A) house
B) local
C) regional
D) store
E) private
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70
A company that takes a ________ approach to international marketing tries to make accommodations in its marketing mix for cultural differences.

A) parity
B) domestic
C) global
D) standardized
E) localized
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71
The supply chain refers to the various companies that are involved in moving a product from its manufacturer into the hands of its buyer.
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72
The materials and ingredients used in producing the product are obtained from other companies who are referred to as distributors.
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73
Using ________,a partner company rents another company's brand name and transfers some of that brand equity to another product.

A) co-branding
B) equity branding
C) brand licensing
D) integrated branding
E) parity branding
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74
________ refers to the use of a brand name of a component in another product's advertising and promotion.

A) Co-branding
B) Ingredient branding
C) Inside branding
D) Brand licensing
E) Integrated branding
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75
Brand relationship communication aims to do which of the following?

A) introduce a product
B) demonstrate a product's effectiveness
C) extend a brand's image to a new product
D) highlight a competitive advantage
E) build trust with customers
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76
Only manufacturers advertise.
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77
The goal in marketing is to sell as many products as possible.
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78
A market can refer to either a place or a particular type of buyer.
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79
Through its communication of a ________,a brand sets expectations for what a customer believes will happen when the product is used.

A) brand promise
B) point of differentiation
C) competitive advantage
D) brand personality
E) brand equity
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80
The term stakeholders refers to customers of a product as well as employees of the company that produces and markets the product.
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