Deck 5: Motivation

Question 1

Content theories argue that external consequences tend to determine behavior.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Managers with strong needs for affiliation are always the most effective.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The theories of Maslow,Herzberg,and Alderfer build on the distinction between primary and secondary needs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

High expectations sometimes make it difficult for achievement-oriented managers to delegate effectively.

Question 5

Giving more of the same reward can have a diminishing impact on motivation.

Question 6

Equity sensitivity suggests that individuals have similar preferences for equity.

Question 7

Herzberg's theory of motivation is universally applicable.

Question 8

Power-motivated people make excellent managers if their drives are for personal power rather than institutional power.

Question 9

People with power motives work better when they are complimented for their favorable attitudes and cooperation.

Question 10

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the lower-order needs do not have to be satisfied for employees to move on to the high-order needs.

Question 11

If both expectancy and instrumentality are low,then motivation will be weak even if the reward has high valence.

Question 12

A complex incentive is often more motivating than a simple one.

Question 13

Negative reinforcement occurs when behavior is accompanied by removal of an unfavorable consequence.

Question 14

Motivation originates from within an individual.

Question 15

Learning is slower with continuous reinforcement than with partial reinforcement.

Question 16

According to Alderfer's E-R-G model,pay,physical working conditions,and job security can all address growth needs.

Question 17

Instrumentality refers to the strength of a person's preference for receiving a reward.

Question 18

Self-generated feedback has little motivational value.

Question 19

Self-efficacy can be judged either on a specific task or across a variety of performance duties.

Question 20

Continuous reinforcement may be desirable in some instances to encourage quick learning.

Question 21

In Alderfer's E-R-G model,the _____ need involves the desire for self-esteem and self-actualization.

A) existence
B) relatedness
C) growth
D) experience

Question 22

Which of the following is classified as a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) A sense of belonging
B) The social environment at work
C) A safe work environment
D) A feeling of self-actualization

Question 23

_____ is a drive to relate to people on a social basis-to work with compatible people and experience a sense of community.

A) Achievement motivation
B) Affiliation motivation
C) Experience motivation
D) Power motivation

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of OB Mod?

A) It states that internal needs lead to behavior.
B) It states that external consequences tend to determine behavior.
C) It places the least degree of control in the hands of the manager.
D) It is based on the idea that behavior is independent of its consequences.

Question 25

Under the E-R-G model,employees are initially interested in satisfying their _____ needs.

A) growth
B) relatedness
C) existence
D) none of the above

Question 26

Affiliation-oriented managers may have difficulty in _____.

A) assigning challenging tasks
B) directing work activities
C) monitoring work effectiveness
D) all of the above

Question 27

Fiona is a manager in a software firm who finds it difficult to delegate effectively.Her subordinates find it difficult to satisfy her high demands.Which of the following statements best describes Fiona?

A) She is an affiliation-oriented manager.
B) She is a power-oriented manager.
C) She is an achievement-oriented manager.
D) She is an experience-oriented manager.

Question 28

_____ is the administration of an unfavorable consequence that discourages a certain behavior.

A) Punishment
B) Extinction
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 29

_____ is a systematic and progressive application of positive reinforcement.

A) Scaling
B) Extinction
C) Expansion
D) Shaping

Question 30

Which of the following is classified as a higher-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) A safe work environment
B) Being loved
C) A comfortable retirement plan
D) Need for food, air, and water

Question 31

_____ is a drive some people have to pursue and attain challenging goals.

A) Achievement motivation
B) Experience motivation
C) Affiliation motivation
D) Power motivation

Question 32

_____ provides a favorable consequence that encourages repetition of a behavior.

A) Power motivation
B) Affiliation motivation
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 33

_____ is the withholding of significant positive consequences that were previously provided for a desirable behavior.

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Shaping
C) Extinction
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 34

_____ occurs when behavior is accompanied by removal of an unfavorable consequence.

A) Power motivation
B) Affiliation motivation
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 35

All of the following are examples of extrinsic motivators EXCEPT _____.

A) retirement plans
B) health insurance
C) vacations
D) recognition

Question 36

Which of the following is a primary need?

A) Competitiveness
B) Self-esteem
C) Sleep
D) Respect

Question 37

Which of the following is the last level of human needs in Maslow's theory of motivation?

A) Belonging and social needs
B) Physiological needs
C) Self-actualization and fulfillment needs
D) Safety and security needs

Question 38

Which of the following is a secondary need?

A) Competitiveness
B) Food and water
C) Sleep
D) None of the above

Question 39

_____ occurs when reinforcement accompanies each correct behavior by an employee.

A) Shaping
B) Extinction
C) Partial reinforcement
D) Continuous reinforcement

Question 40

_____ is a drive to influence people,take control,and change situations.

A) Affiliation motivation
B) Power motivation
C) Experience motivation
D) Achievement motivation

Question 41

_____ is an internal belief regarding one's job-related capabilities and competencies.

A) Self-esteem
B) Self-efficacy
C) Self-concept
D) Self-integrity

Question 42

What is the major difficulty with content models of motivation?

Question 43

Employees who feel overrewarded will feel an imbalance in their relationship with their employer.What kinds of actions might they take to restore balance?

Question 44

What is shaping and what is its importance?

Question 45

According to the equity theory by J.Stacy Adams,_____.

A) One's own outcomes/One's own inputs = Others' outcomes/Others' inputs
B) One's own inputs + Other's inputs + One's own outcomes = Other's outcomes
C) One's own outcomes/Other's input = One's own inputs/Others' outcomes
D) Other's inputs × One's own inputs × Other's outcomes = One's own outcomes

Question 46

How does achievement motivation influence behavior?

Question 47

What is the difference between the implications of need-based models of motivation and the idea of valence in the expectancy model?

Question 48

Explain the law of effect on which OB Mod is heavily based.

Question 49

Major challenges for a manager using the equity model lie in all of the following EXCEPT in _____.

A) understanding that employees work within several social systems
B) measuring employee assessments of inputs and outputs
C) identifying employees' references
D) evaluating employee perceptions of inputs and outputs

Question 50

According to the expectancy model,motivation = _____.

A) valence × expectancy/instrumentality
B) valence × expectancy × instrumentality
C) valence/expectancy × instrumentality
D) valence/expectancy/instrumentality

Question 51

The expectancy model depends on the employee's perception of the relationship between all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) performance
B) effort
C) reward
D) status

Question 52

What are the important differences between Maslow's,Herzberg's,and Alderfer's models?

Question 53

Identify at least five tips for building employee self-efficacy.

Question 54

What are intrinsic and extrinsic motivators? Provide an example of each.

Question 55

_____ occurs when only some of the correct behaviors are reinforced-either after a certain time or after a number of correct responses.

A) Continuous reinforcement
B) Partial reinforcement
C) Extinction
D) Shaping

Question 56

Cathy feels that no matter how much effort she puts,she will never be able to submit her report on time.Hence,she does not want to work hard on her report.This indicates that her valence is closer to _____.

A) 1
B) 0
C) -1
D) none of the above

Question 57

_____ represents the employee's belief that a reward will be received once the task is accomplished.

A) Shaping
B) Expectancy
C) Valence
D) Instrumentality

Question 58

What kinds of actions might underrewarded employees seek to reduce their feelings of inequity?

Question 59

_____ is the strength of belief that one's work-related effort will result in completion of a task.

A) Shaping
B) Expectancy
C) Valence
D) Instrumentality

Question 60

_____ refers to the strength of a person's preference for receiving a reward.

A) Shaping
B) Expectancy
C) Valence
D) Instrumentality