Deck 7: Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as a(n)

A) barrier.
B) peroxide.
C) antioxidant.
D) clotting factor.

Answer 1

C
Vitamin E protects membranes by acting as nature's most potent fat-soluble antioxidant.The polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid membranes are easy for oxygen to break down,and vitamin E can interrupt this oxidation and protect the fatty acids of the cell membrane from damage.

Question 2

Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are

A) cereals and macaroni products.
B) milk and margarine.
C) flour and salt.
D) vegetable oils and shortenings.

Answer 2

B
Because milk is a common food and already contains calcium and phosphorus,it is the most practical to fortify with vitamin D.Butter substitutes,such as margarines,are also fortified.

Question 3

For a compound to be classified as a vitamin,it must

A) be synthesized by the body.
B) be required in large quantities.
C) perform a vital function.
D) be water soluble.

Answer 3

C
For a compound to be defined as a vitamin,it must be a vital,organic,dietary substance that is not a carbohydrate,fat,protein,or mineral and is necessary in only very small amounts to perform a specific metabolic function or prevent an associated deficiency.It also cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient amounts to sustain life and must be supplemented by the body.

Question 4

Liver is a rich source of

A) vitamin A (retinol).
B) vitamin C.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 5

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals

A) sodium and potassium.
B) iron and phosphorus.
C) calcium and phosphorus.
D) sodium and calcium.

Question 6

Recommended intakes for vitamin D are difficult to establish because

A) exposure to sunlight varies.
B) it is present in so many foods.
C) the body stores such large amounts.
D) the amount in food varies with the season.

Question 7

Spinach,carrots,and sweet potatoes are good sources of

A) beta-carotene.
B) vitamin A.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 8

A vitamin D deficiency in growing children that results in the malformation of skeletal tissue,especially the long bones,is referred to as

A) rickets.
B) scurvy.
C) pellagra.
D) beriberi.

Question 9

Sunflower oil is a rich source of

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 10

Fish liver oils are a good source of

A) vitamin D.
B) vitamin E.
C) protein.
D) iron.

Question 11

The last organ involved in the production of the physiologically active form of vitamin D is the

A) liver.
B) kidney.
C) intestine.
D) skin.

Question 12

The active hormonal form of vitamin D is

A) cholecalciferol.
B) calciferol.
C) calcitriol.
D) calcitonin.

Question 13

The provitamin form of vitamin A that is found in plant pigments is

A) beta-carotene.
B) chlorophyll.
C) beta-xanthophyll.
D) calciferol.

Question 14

An important function of vitamin A is to

A) be incorporated into the bile.
B) help with blood clotting.
C) act as an antioxidant.
D) help form rhodopsin in the eye.

Question 15

Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the

A) skin, liver, and kidney.
B) pancreas, thyroid, and liver.
C) skin, skeleton, and liver.
D) kidney, skeleton, and liver.

Question 16

A deficiency of vitamin A may result in

A) osteoporosis.
B) bile obstruction.
C) breakdown of cell membranes.
D) night blindness.

Question 17

A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in

A) liver damage.
B) hyperpigmentation.
C) blindness.
D) calcification of soft tissues.

Question 18

A vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a vitamin is vitamin

A) A.
B) D.
C) E.
D) K.

Question 19

The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin

A) A.
B) D.
C) E.
D) K.

Question 20

The requirement for vitamin E varies by the amount of an individual's

A) sun exposure.
B) dietary selenium.
C) animal fat intake.
D) polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.

Question 21

A good food source of niacin is

A) a banana.
B) a tomato.
C) beef.
D) oatmeal.

Question 22

The disease associated with niacin deficiency is

A) anemia.
B) cheilosis.
C) pellagra.
D) beriberi.

Question 23

A folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called _____ anemia.

A) microcytic
B) megaloblastic
C) pernicious
D) aplastic

Question 24

An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in

A) biotin.
B) folic acid.
C) thiamin.
D) pyridoxine.

Question 25

The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is

A) thiamin.
B) pyridoxine.
C) folic acid.
D) choline.

Question 26

The vitamin that is destroyed by light is

A) vitamin C.
B) niacin.
C) riboflavin.
D) biotin.

Question 27

The amino acid that can be converted to niacin in the body is

A) leucine.
B) phenylalanine.
C) tryptophan.
D) valine.

Question 28

In the past,vitamin A content was listed in International Units (IU); it is now listed in

A) milligrams.
B) micrograms.
C) beta-carotene equivalents.
D) retinol equivalents.

Question 29

The person most at risk for vitamin D deficiency is a

A) 12-year-old girl who plays soccer at the local playground twice a week.
B) 28-year-old mother who breastfeeds her 5-month-old infant and takes a daily stroll in the neighborhood.
C) 62-year-old woman who lives in a cold climate and rarely goes outdoors.
D) 42-year-old man who plays golf once a week.

Question 30

The B vitamin predominantly found in foods of animal origin is

A) pantothenic acid.
B) niacin.
C) thiamin.
D) cobalamin.

Question 31

Vitamin C deficiency is associated with

A) scurvy.
B) beriberi.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) megaloblastic anemia.

Question 32

A good food source of vitamin K is

A) spinach.
B) sunflower oil.
C) pork.
D) oranges.

Question 33

The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the _____ systems.

A) nervous, respiratory, and urinary
B) nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal
C) gastrointestinal, respiratory, and endocrine
D) lymphatic, cardiovascular, and endocrine

Question 34

An athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also increase his or her need for

A) folic acid.
B) thiamin.
C) pyridoxine.
D) vitamin C.

Question 35

There is a metabolic partnership between vitamin E and

A) zinc.
B) chromium.
C) selenium.
D) iron.

Question 36

The most important source of riboflavin is

A) milk.
B) lean meats.
C) enriched grains.
D) green leafy vegetables.

Question 37

The best food source of folic acid is

A) grapefruit.
B) chicken.
C) cheese.
D) broccoli.

Question 38

The hormones that participate in calcium metabolism are

A) estrogen and oxytocin.
B) cortisone and epinephrine.
C) aldosterone and thyroxine.
D) parathyroid and calcitriol.

Question 39

The function of all B-complex vitamins is to

A) regulate fluid balance.
B) function as body structures.
C) function as coenzymes.
D) provide calories for energy.

Question 40

Which of the following diets can help ensure adequate and balanced vitamin intake?

A) a high-calorie diet composed of mainly fruits and vegetables
B) a high-protein diet concentrating on red meat and fish
C) a varied diet composed of all food groups eaten in controlled portions
D) a varied diet with a higher emphasis on grains and fish

Question 41

A young woman who is interested in becoming pregnant should be counseled on healthy eating choices,especially regarding folate-containing foods,which may help prevent

A) neural tube defects.
B) osteomalacia.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) aplastic anemia.

Question 42

An example of a meal high in vitamin C is

A) bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and strawberries.
B) hamburger, french fries, and salad.
C) pasta salad, whole-grain roll, and apple.
D) nachos with refried beans and salsa.

Question 43

A 62-year-old woman who smokes one pack of cigarettes a day and whose food intake records reveal a minimal intake of vitamin C foods may be at risk for

A) easy bruising and pinpoint hemorrhages.
B) cracked and bleeding lips.
C) fevers and infections.
D) neurologic disorders.

Question 44

Foods rich in phytochemicals include

A) mushrooms and algae.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) yogurt and goat's milk.
D) soy milk and tofu.

Question 45

Phytochemicals act as

A) vitamins and minerals.
B) cofactors and enzymes.
C) antioxidants and hormones.
D) antibiotics and antifungals.