Deck 18: Gastrointestinal and Accessory Organ Problems

Question 1

The treatment of hepatitis includes

A) rest and optimal nutrition.
B) antibiotics and optimal nutrition.
C) fluid restriction and rest.
D) diuretics and optimal nutrition.

Answer 1

A
Hepatitis is treated by rest and optimal nutrition with a high-carbohydrate,moderate-fat,high-energy,and high-protein diet.

Question 2

Hepatitis is usually the result of

A) a viral infection or alcohol or drug abuse.
B) a bacterial or viral infection.
C) excessive fat and protein intake.
D) chronic malnutrition.

Answer 2

A
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition caused by viruses,alcohol,drugs,or toxins.

Question 3

A patient with a history of diverticulosis who complains of severe left lower quadrant pain with diarrhea,nausea,and vomiting should be evaluated for

A) diverticulitis.
B) obstruction.
C) diarrhea.
D) celiac disease.

Answer 3

A
Diverticulitis develops when the small pouches or pockets in the muscular mucosal lining of the small intestine (diverticula)become infected.The infected area is painful and can present with diarrhea,nausea,and vomiting.

Question 4

A resident who has Parkinson's disease and resides in a long-term care facility has recurring pneumonia and coughs while eating.This may be evidence of

A) dysphasia.
B) dysphagia.
C) achalasia.
D) dyspnea.

Question 5

The lower esophageal sphincter muscle controls entry of food into the

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) rectum.

Question 6

A major difficulty in treating hepatitis is that

A) the person must stay in isolation for a long time.
B) the person can have only a clear liquid diet.
C) the person usually has a poor appetite.
D) typically only one kind of antibiotic will cure it.

Question 7

To reduce the incidence of constipation,an appropriate dietary intervention would be to

A) encourage daily use of over-the-counter laxatives.
B) include 2 servings of ice cream twice a week between meals.
C) include servings of natural laxatives such as dried apricots and prunes.
D) decrease fluid intake since this may interfere with bowel regularity.

Question 8

Treatment for diverticulosis includes a diet that is

A) bland.
B) low in fiber.
C) high in fiber.
D) full liquid.

Question 9

An eroded mucosal area in the central portion of the gastrointestinal tract describes a

A) hiatal hernia.
B) diverticulum.
C) peptic ulcer.
D) Crohn's lesion.

Question 10

Nutrition therapy for hepatitis includes a diet that is _____ in protein,_____ in carbohydrate,and _____ in fat.

A) high, high, high
B) low, high, low
C) low, low, high
D) high, high, moderate

Question 11

Most ulcers occur in the

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) duodenal bulb.
D) ileum.

Question 12

A food that should be omitted from the diet of a patient with peptic ulcer disease is

A) black pepper.
B) apple juice.
C) milk.
D) popcorn.

Question 13

Viral hepatitis can be contracted through

A) ingestion of contaminated food or water.
B) airborne viruses from coughing and sneezing.
C) physical contact with an infected person.
D) alcohol abuse.

Question 14

Small outpouchings in the lower gastrointestinal tract are called

A) hernias.
B) lesions.
C) diverticula.
D) epiploic appendages.

Question 15

Which of the following describes general nutrition guidelines for a patient with a peptic ulcer?

A) General, well-balanced diet as tolerated
B) High-protein, low-fiber diet with no seasonings
C) High-protein diet and regularly scheduled meals
D) Low-fiber diet with no seasonings and no milk or cream

Question 16

A food that appears to reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is

A) white bread with butter
B) peanut butter pretzels
C) sesame seed crackers
D) whole grain wheat toast

Question 17

A cause of diarrhea is

A) drinking too much liquid with a meal.
B) lactose intolerance.
C) excessive intake of protein.
D) swallowing air while eating.

Question 18

The term used to describe difficulty in swallowing is

A) pyrosis.
B) polydipsia.
C) dysphagia.
D) dyspepsia.

Question 19

The characteristic symptoms of celiac disease are

A) vomiting and diarrhea.
B) diarrhea and steatorrhea.
C) abdominal pain and constipation.
D) chronic, bloody diarrhea.

Question 20

Many people who have gastroesophageal reflux are

A) underweight.
B) obese.
C) male.
D) children.

Question 21

The most important function of the gallbladder is to

A) produce bile.
B) synthesize cholesterol.
C) release lipase enzymes.
D) concentrate and store bile.

Question 22

Patients with cystic fibrosis need to take

A) enzymes and supplements.
B) large doses of vitamins and minerals.
C) antidiarrheal agents.
D) hormones and enzymes.

Question 23

The major nutrition problem related to development of ascites is

A) protein deficiency.
B) excessive fat intake.
C) deficiency of digestive enzymes.
D) excessive sodium intake.

Question 24

Ascites,a localized edema of the peritoneal cavity,is caused by

A) low plasma protein levels.
B) inadequate intake of carbohydrate.
C) too much fat in the diet.
D) excessive fluid intake.

Question 25

An elemental diet provides

A) all necessary vitamins and minerals.
B) all nutrients needed in a bland, low-residue form.
C) all nutrients needed in their simplest absorbable form.
D) a diet high in mineral elements.

Question 26

A food that is considered a common food allergen is

A) peanut butter.
B) rice crackers.
C) lemonade.
D) chocolate.

Question 27

Of the following,a food item that may be restricted in the patient with cirrhosis is

A) apple slices.
B) orange sherbet.
C) hotdog.
D) peas.

Question 28

The primary objective of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy is to

A) encourage the patient to eat.
B) feed the patient parenterally to give the liver a rest.
C) remove sources of excess ammonia.
D) encourage the patient to exercise and maintain mental functions.

Question 29

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is called

A) cholecystitis.
B) cholelithiasis.
C) cholecystectomy.
D) cholecystokinin.

Question 30

A clinical symptom of gallbladder inflammation or gallstones is

A) pain and distention after eating.
B) jaundice.
C) anorexia.
D) weakness and apathy.

Question 31

Nutrition therapy for gallbladder disorders includes

A) reducing cholesterol intake.
B) eliminating gas-forming foods.
C) lowering fat intake.
D) increasing caloric intake.

Question 32

Of the following,a food choice that would help provide adequate protein for recovery from hepatitis is

A) grilled chicken.
B) apple turnover.
C) fruit salad.
D) English muffin.

Question 33

Crohn's disease is a(n)

A) disorder of protein metabolism.
B) chronic enzyme deficiency.
C) excess in the production of insulin.
D) inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 34

A food that individuals with celiac disease might need to avoid is

A) malted milk.
B) buttermilk.
C) rice.
D) prune juice.

Question 35

A food that individuals with celiac disease would need to eliminate is

A) cream of wheat.
B) homemade applesauce.
C) vanilla yogurt.
D) buttermilk.

Question 36

Nutrition therapy for the patient with cirrhosis includes a diet that is

A) low in sodium, high in protein, and low in carbohydrates.
B) soft textured and high in energy.
C) high in protein, high in carbohydrates, and high in fat.
D) adequate in calories, low in sodium, and soft textured.

Question 37

Bile is produced by the

A) gallbladder.
B) pancreas.
C) liver.
D) intestine.

Question 38

Pathologic changes in the liver caused by cirrhosis include

A) fatty infiltration.
B) spongy tissue formation.
C) gallstone formation.
D) edema and swelling.