Deck 23: Nutrition Support in Cancer and Aids

Question 1

Patients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop

A) tremors.
B) anemia.
C) hypertension.
D) abnormal heart rhythms.

Answer 1

B
Chemotherapeutic drugs affect bone marrow and interfere with the production of red blood cells,causing anemia.

Question 2

The nutrient primarily responsible for maintaining tissue integrity and immunocompetence is/are

A) carbohydrate.
B) protein.
C) vitamins.
D) minerals.

Answer 2

B
Antibodies,the core of the immune system,are proteins in structure.A direct and simple example of the important role of nutrition in immunity is the link between protein energy malnutrition and suppressed immune function.

Question 3

The primary goal in nutrition care of patients with cancer is to

A) prevent further growth of the tumor.
B) reduce nutrients that the tumor feeds on.
C) prevent malnutrition.
D) promote weight gain.

Answer 3

C
The primary goal of nutrition care in cancer is to prevent malnutrition.Negative nitrogen balance is a major systemic effect of cancer.Adequate calories are necessary to spare protein for tissue building.

Question 4

Given a functional gastrointestinal tract,the preferred method of feeding a patient with cancer is

A) normal oral intake.
B) a liquid formula diet.
C) tube feeding.
D) total parenteral feeding.

Question 5

Mr.T has been undergoing treatment for cancer and has not felt like eating all day and complains of much discomfort and pain.Of the following,which may be an initial intervention to assist in increasing his appetite?

A) administering medication to increase appetite as soon as possible
B) assessing for weight loss and speaking with the physician regarding tube feeding
C) assessing pain and discomfort and providing pain relief measures
D) changing the diet plan to all liquids to make it easier to ingest food items

Question 6

A major systemic effect of cancer is

A) edema.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) dehydration.
D) negative nitrogen balance.

Question 7

The capacity of the immune system is compromised by

A) increased metabolism of water-soluble vitamins.
B) increased metabolism caused by emotional stress.
C) severe malnutrition with atrophy of organs and tissues.
D) increased hormonal levels associated with stress.

Question 8

Cancer therapy that uses radioactive isotopes is

A) surgery.
B) radiation.
C) chemotherapy.
D) x-rays.

Question 9

Ordinarily the cell operates in an orderly fashion under the influence of the

A) genetic code.
B) outside environment.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nutrients taken into the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of abdominal radiation?

A) The structure and function of the bowel may be adversely affected.
B) The radiation can be dispersed to all the abdominal organs once it passes into the cavity.
C) It is hard to pinpoint the precise area to target the radiation.
D) There are no disadvantages.

Question 11

The point at which a mutagen causes irreversible damage to DNA is referred to as

A) neoplasms.
B) promotion.
C) initiation.
D) Progression.

Question 12

If salivary secretions are reduced or absent,it may be most helpful to

A) serve a clear liquid diet.
B) use a tube feeding.
C) serve food in semiliquid form.
D) serve water with the meal.

Question 13

The cells responsible for synthesis and secretion of antibodies are the

A) immunoglobulins.
B) T cells.
C) cells.
D) lymphocytes.

Question 14

For patients with cancer,a good source of dietary protein could be

A) scrambled eggs.
B) applesauce.
C) orange sherbet.
D) green grapes.

Question 15

The cellular component of the immune system that is derived from the thymus is the

A) T cell.
B) cell.
C) phagocyte.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 16

To counteract the hypermetabolic state of cancer,it is important to increase the intake of

A) protein.
B) kilocalories.
C) vitamins.
D) fats.

Question 17

Patients who receive chemotherapy drugs often develop anemia because the drugs

A) damage the bone marrow.
B) prevent iron absorption.
C) interfere with folate metabolism.
D) destroy hemoglobin.

Question 18

Of the following,a side effect of protrease inhibitors is

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) yachycardia.
D) stroke.

Question 19

An appropriate intervention for a patient with neutropenia would be to

A) serve only packaged food items.
B) cook food items immediately after thawing.
C) not serve any fresh fruits or vegetables.
D) serve soy-based milk rather than cow's milk.

Question 20

Factors associated with the development of cancer include

A) processed foods.
B) radiation exposure.
C) food-borne disease.
D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 21

Category 2 CD4 T-Lymphocyte values are defined as

A) less than 200 cells/µL.
B) more than 200 cells/µL.
C) 200 to 499 cells/µL.
D) 800 to 1000 cells/µL.

Question 22

Symptoms that may occur during the asymptomatic HIV infection stage include

A) persistent fatigue, night sweats, thrush, and diarrhea.
B) a short bout of flulike syndrome.
C) pneumonia, lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and tuberculosis.
D) hyperglycemia, heart arrhythmias, and loss of appetite.

Question 23

A fundamental effect of HIV infection is

A) nausea.
B) vomiting.
C) major weight loss.
D) cirrhosis.

Question 24

Nutrition support is a vital care component throughout the progression of HIV infection because of its role in

A) controlling involuntary weight loss and tissue wasting.
B) maintaining cardiac function.
C) preventing the spread of the HIV virus.
D) preventing anemia and constipation.

Question 25

The nutrition care plan for AIDS patients is

A) the same as for all patients.
B) consistent throughout the course of the disease.
C) based only on clinical observations and anthropometry.
D) individualized and continually adjusted throughout the course of the disease.

Question 26

Protease inhibitors work by

A) inhibiting the enzyme protease.
B) preventing reverse transcriptase.
C) binding to HIV.
D) enhancing the enzyme lipase.

Question 27

Guidelines for counseling a person with HIV infection include

A) recommending intake of specific combinations of food.
B) expecting significant changes in lifestyle behaviors.
C) promoting optimal nutrition while making the fewest food changes.
D) acting as a catalyst for selecting appropriate lifestyle changes.

Question 28

The cells that activate the phagocytes are the

A) T cells.
B) B cells.
C) lymphocytes.
D) antigens.

Question 29

An HIV-positive patient should be referred to the clinical dietitian on the AIDS team

A) at the first contact with a health professional.
B) at stage 2 (AIDS-related complex).
C) at stage 3 (final stage of AIDS).
D) when the patient has nutrition-related problems.

Question 30

Mucositis is an inflammation of the

A) stomach mucosa.
B) intestinal mucosa.
C) oral mucosa.
D) pancreas.