Deck 2: The Management Movement

Question 1

Scientific management pioneers believed employees could be motivated by economic rewards,provided those rewards were related to individual performance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Carl Barth's major contribution was the application of Taylor's theory of scientific management to educational and municipal organizations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932 severely restricted the use of injunctions to limit union activity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

James F.Lincoln developed a plan that combined an incentive system with a request for cooperation because he understood that effective cooperation came about by politeness and consideration for another person's feelings.

Question 5

The major difference between the works of Taylor and Fayol was in their orientation-Taylor stressed the management of operative work,whereas Fayol emphasized the management of organization.

Question 6

When researchers lowered the levels of illumination in the room at the Hawthorne plant's study site,they noticed a drop in the levels of productivity.

Question 7

After the Great Depression of 1929-32,unions sought and gained great advantages for the working class.

Question 8

The Gantt chart graphically depicts both expected and actual profits.

Question 9

One of the significant achievements of the Sherman Antitrust Act was that the psychological and physical aspects of a job such as boredom,monotony,and fatigue were studied or considered in the design of most jobs.

Question 10

The purpose of the Hawthorne studies was to define the relationship between physical working conditions and productivity of the worker.

Question 11

The 1930s and most of the 1940s were a period of solidification and popularization of management as a discipline.

Question 12

Taylor saw the value of matching the job to the social background of the worker.

Question 13

Scientific management is a philosophy about the relationship between a technique and its levels of efficiency.

Question 14

Taylor observed that most wage systems were based on attendance and position,without providing sufficient impetus for employees to produce more than required.

Question 15

Dennison advocated finding "like-minded" people,grouping them,and then developing the total organizational structure.

Question 16

The major difference in the works of Taylor and Fayol was in their approach to management.

Question 17

The Wagner Antitrust Act of 1890 sought to check corporate practices "in restraint of trade."

Question 18

Owner-managers,captains of industry,and financial managers are all examples of professional managers who came into existence in the early 1920s.

Question 19

The Scanlon plan gave workers a bonus for tangible savings in labor costs.

Question 20

The professional manager does not necessarily have a controlling interest in the enterprise for which he or she works.

Question 21

The mathematical and modeling approach to quantify management was the brainchild of Oliver Sheldon and Ralph C.Davis.

Question 22

Which of the following is true about scientific management?

A) It results in conflict in interests between workers and management.
B) It emphasizes maximum output with human effort through the elimination of interdependence.
C) It studies the relationship between a technique and its efficiency.
D) It is a philosophy about the relationship between people and work.
E) It deals solely with the proper design of the job, irrespective of the worker.

Question 23

According to Ouchi,American-type organizations are characterized by rapid evaluation and promotion,and nonspecialized career paths.

Question 24

Which of the following describes the actions of employees who intentionally restrict output?

A) Soldiering
B) Partnering
C) Restricting
D) Stopping
E) Impeding

Question 25

Taylor and scientific management were (and still are)attacked as being inhumane and aimed only at:

A) minimizing compensation.
B) maximizing profits.
C) tightening management control.
D) creating interdependencies.
E) increasing output.

Question 26

Under the systems approach to management,the organization is seen as an open system that is influenced by its internal and external environmental factors.

Question 27

Carl Barth worked to _____ Taylor's ideas.

A) popularize
B) question
C) refute
D) add to
E) affirm

Question 28

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century,American business was dominated and shaped by _____.

A) owner-managers
B) scientific managers
C) career managers
D) captains of industry
E) leaders of industrial conglomerates

Question 29

Ouchi's Theory Z attempts to integrate American and Japanese management practices; combining the American emphasis on individual responsibility with the Japanese emphasis on collective decision making,slow evaluation and promotion,and holistic concern for employees.

Question 30

Which of the following was one of the facets of the Industrial Revolution in America according to Daniel Wren?

A) Efficiency
B) Automation
C) Government regulation
D) Power
E) Safety

Question 31

The Scanlon Plan encouraged individual rewards as opposed to group rewards.

Question 32

The term "management theory jungle" was developed by Harold Koontz to refer to the division of thought that resulted from the multiple approaches to studying the management process.

Question 33

Projections about organizations and management in the future proclaim that organizations of the future will have to adapt to their employees,not the other way around.

Question 34

Proponents of the contingency approach to management believed that the best way to manage was through the use of mathematical forecasting techniques.

Question 35

Taylor saw the value of matching the job to the _____.

A) industry
B) pay scale
C) piece-rate structure
D) worker
E) environment

Question 36

What was Morris Cooke's contribution to scientific management?

A) He applied scientific management to educational and municipal organizations.
B) He studied the effects of the physical environment on worker output.
C) He used motion picture films to eliminate wasted motion.
D) He researched the areas of fatigue, monotony, micromotion study, and morale.
E) He championed the formation of junior boards as a training and mentoring tool.

Question 37

The scientific method involved finding "_____" to perform a task.

A) a series of possible ways
B) the cheapest way
C) the one best way
D) the most efficient method
E) the most automated way

Question 38

Henri Fayol was the first management scholar to present explicitly a functional analysis of the management process.

Question 39

What differentiated Rockefeller,Duke,and Carnegie from their "laissez-faire" predecessors?

A) They developed extensive programs to train workers.
B) They utilized sophisticated methods of production.
C) They offered better compensation to their workers.
D) They involved workers in management decision making.
E) They pursued profits and self-interest above all else.

Question 40

Total quality management (TQM)emphasizes finding and correcting mistakes,so that the entire organization excels in all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer.

Question 41

_____ identified planning,organizing,commanding,coordinating,and controlling as elements of management.

A) Frederick Taylor
B) Henri Fayol
C) Lillian Gilbreth
D) James Lincoln
E) Chester Barnard

Question 42

Henry Lawrence Gantt is best known for his work in _____.

A) micromotion
B) worker compensation
C) planning
D) communication
E) production control

Question 43

Which of the following is true about the researchers who conducted the Hawthorne studies?

A) They sought to analyze the relationship between productivity and peer influence.
B) They utilized noise distractions on workers as part of their experiments at the Hawthorne plant.
C) They found that employees reacted to the psychological and social conditions at work.
D) They were criticized for failure to include variables, such as wage payments and length of workday.
E) They concluded that supervision on the employee had a minimal effect on productivity levels.

Question 44

Which of the following is a principle of management identified by Henri Fayol?

A) Unification of work
B) Social responsibility
C) Decentralization
D) Productivity
E) Remuneration

Question 45

Which of the following is one of the categories under which managers were placed until the 1930s?

A) Owner-managers
B) Scientific managers
C) Career managers
D) Professional managers
E) Operational managers

Question 46

Which of the following Acts resulted in establishment of minimum wages and requirement of time-and-a-half pay for hours worked over 40 in one week?

A) Labor Rights Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Norris-La Guardia Act
D) Fair Labor Standards Act
E) Equal Pay Act

Question 47

Which of the following Acts resulted in an obligation for employers to recognize and collectively bargain with the union?

A) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
B) Railway Labor Act of 1926
C) Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932
D) National Labor Relations Act of 1935
E) Labor Rights Act of 1936

Question 48

The _____ graphically depicts both expected and completed production.

A) Scalar chain
B) needs theory
C) Gantt chart
D) Taylor illustration
E) Scanlon plan

Question 49

Which of the following is credited with the finding that effective supervision makes a significant impact on productivity and employee morale?

A) The Bethlehem Steel studies
B) The Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studies
C) The Gantt and Cooke studies
D) The Lincoln Electric Company studies
E) The Hawthorne studies

Question 50

Which of the following Acts resulted in full,enforceable rights of employees to join unions and to engage in collective bargaining with their employer?

A) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
B) Railway Labor Act of 1926
C) Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932
D) National Labor Relations Act of 1935
E) Labor Rights Act of 1936

Question 51

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth contributed greatly to research in the area of _____.

A) planning
B) worker compensation
C) micromotion study
D) communication
E) production control

Question 52

Henri Fayol identified _____ as a management principle.

A) unification of work
B) social responsibility
C) decentralization
D) productivity
E) equity

Question 53

Gantt was one of the first management pioneers to state publicly the:

A) social responsibility of management and business.
B) separation of management involvement from production.
C) interdependence of management and labor.
D) importance of harmony and unity in an organization.
E) need for formal channels of communication.

Question 54

What was Henry Lawrence Gantt's contribution to scientific management?

A) He applied scientific management to educational and municipal organizations.
B) He invented a chart that graphically depicts both expected and completed production.
C) He studied the effects of the physical environment on worker output.
D) He researched the areas of fatigue, monotony, micromotion study, and morale.
E) He championed the formation of junior boards as training and mentoring tool.

Question 55

The attention shown to the employees by experimenters positively biases their productivity.This phenomenon is known as the _____ effect.

A) Bethlehem Steel
B) Hawthorne
C) Gantt and Cooke
D) Lincoln Electric
E) McCormick

Question 56

Which of the following Acts severely restricted the use of injunctions to limit union activity?

A) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
B) Railway Labor Act of 1926
C) Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932
D) National Labor Relations Act of 1935
E) Labor Rights Act of 1936

Question 57

The Golden Age of Unionism saw an increased emphasis on:

A) understanding employees and their needs.
B) methods used to conduct work.
C) reducing soldiering and increasing productivity.
D) over time for fuelling chances of growth.
E) individual bargaining with the union.

Question 58

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied hand and body movements to eliminate _____.

A) worker-management conflict
B) slippage
C) boredom and monotony
D) wasted motion
E) errors

Question 59

How did Fayol and Taylor differ in orientation in their management theories?

A) Taylor stressed the management of operative work and Fayol emphasized the management of organization.
B) Taylor stressed on proper planning, while Fayol paid attention to the technical details of management.
C) Fayol emphasized management's role in an organization, while Taylor focused on coordination of operations.
D) Fayol stressed on an incentive system for better output, while Taylor emphasized better working conditions.
E) Taylor paid attention to scientific research, while Fayol emphasized the human element at the workplace.

Question 60

Which of the following was a direct result of the Great Depression?

A) It weakened public confidence in business organizations.
B) The captains of industry became more and more prevalent.
C) Owner-managers gained momentum in organizations.
D) A piece-rate method of compensation emerged.
E) It led to an increased focus on the methods used to conduct work.

Question 61

Outline Peters and Waterman's eight characteristics of excellent companies.

Question 62

Describe the "Japanese-type" organization.

Question 63

The _____ approach to management provides a framework for visualizing internal and external environmental factors as an integrated whole.

A) scientific
B) Theory Z
C) process
D) systems
E) Scanlon

Question 64

_____ designed a plan that coupled an incentive system with a request for cooperation.

A) Henri Fayol
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Lillian Gilbreth
D) James F. Lincoln
E) Chester Barnard

Question 65

Which of the following attempts to integrate American and Japanese management practices?

A) Theory Z
B) Multiple-management
C) The total quality approach
D) Deming's theory
E) The systems approach

Question 66

Discuss the contribution of Harold Koontz to the study of management.

Question 67

Describe the "American-type" organization.

Question 68

According to Peters and Waterman,which of the following characteristics of excellent companies refers to a tendency to get on with things and a willingness to experiment?

A) A bias for action
B) Autonomy and entrepreneurship
C) Hands on; value driven
D) Process driven; innovative
E) Simultaneous loose-tight properties

Question 69

The _____ management philosophy encouraged widespread delegation of authority to solicit the participation of all employees.

A) process
B) bottom-up
C) functional
D) multiple
E) team-based

Question 70

Outline the future implications of organizational and managerial structures in the twenty-first century,as discussed in the book Beyond Workplace 2000.

Question 71

Identify some of the elements of the Lincoln Electric management philosophy.

Question 72

Identify the contributions of Henry Lawrence Gantt.

Question 73

Describe the Theory Z-type organization.

Question 74

Which of the following is one of the categories under which managers were placed until the 1930s?

A) Scientific managers
B) Financial managers
C) Career managers
D) Professional managers
E) Operational managers

Question 75

Contrast the management styles put forth by McCormick and Scanlon.

Question 76

Ralph C.Davis was the first American to publish a functional breakdown of the management process.Which of the following is a function of the management process according to him?

A) Delegating
B) Commanding
C) Organizing
D) Analyzing
E) Coordination

Question 77

Which of the following uses participation as a training and motivational tool by selecting promising young employees from various company departments to form a junior board of directors?

A) The Scanlon plan
B) The Fayol employee asset plan
C) Taylor's scientific management
D) The McCormick multiple-management plan
E) Given's bottom-up approach

Question 78

The _____ approach to management theorizes that different situations and conditions require different management approaches.

A) contingency
B) multiple-management
C) Theory Z
D) total quality
E) systems

Question 79

Discuss the changes that occurred in organizations as a result of Frederick Taylor's scientific management.

Question 80

Which of the following theories focuses on the management functions of planning,controlling,organizing,staffing,and leading?

A) The McCormick multiple-management theory
B) Theory Z
C) The Contingency approach
D) The Process approach
E) The Systems approach