Deck 14: Developing Leadership Skills

Question 1

Early research efforts devoted to leadership stressed on the leader's actions rather than the leader's traits.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A democratic leader is very conscious of his or her position.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A person's position in the organizational hierarchy is the basis for his or her legitimate power.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The studies conducted by Rensis Likert indicate that the most effective form of management is one in which decisions are made by consensus and majority,based on total participation.

Question 5

The amount of authority a manager has depends on the amount of referent and expert power the manager can exert.

Question 6

A laissez-faire leader does not set goals for the group.

Question 7

Authority is a measure of a person's potential to get others to do what he or she wants them to do,as well as to avoid being forced by others to do what he or she does not want to do.

Question 8

Theory Y leaders prefer an authoritarian style of leadership.

Question 9

Power in an organization follows the organizational hierarchy only from top to bottom.

Question 10

Informal leaders in organizations generally combine coercive power and reward power.

Question 11

In the context of studies on leadership,consideration refers to the leader behavior of showing concern for individual group members and satisfying their needs.

Question 12

The results of Rensis Likert's studies indicated that the most effective style of management was the consultative style.

Question 13

The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire is used to determine what a successful leader does,regardless of the type of group being led.

Question 14

The direct link between a manager's expectations and the resulting performance of subordinates is called "Pygmalion in management."

Question 15

According to Rensis Likert's research on styles of leadership,the participative style of leadership states that managers should not give any direction to subordinates.

Question 16

Leadership and management are not necessarily the same but are not incompatible.

Question 17

According to the Ohio State studies,leaders who score high on initiating structure tend to have more satisfied subordinates than those who do not.

Question 18

In the context of studies on leadership,focus refers to whether leadership must be studied as a set of traits or as a set of behaviors.

Question 19

An autocratic leader has little trust and faith in members of the group.

Question 20

McGregor's work brought forth the idea that a leader's attitude toward human nature has a large influence on how that individual behaves as a leader.

Question 21

Transactional leadership takes the approach that leaders engage in a bargaining relationship with their followers.

Question 22

Fred Fiedler viewed task versus relationship as a leader trait that was relatively constant for any given person.

Question 23

According to the situational leadership theory,a leader should assume a low task-low relationship behavior for followers in the immaturity level.

Question 24

The country club style of management in the Managerial Grid combines a high degree of concern for people with a high degree of concern for production.

Question 25

Role classification leadership involves consulting with subordinates and asking for their suggestions in the decision-making process.

Question 26

The authority-obedience style of management in the Managerial Grid assumes that efficiency in operations results from properly arranging the conditions at work with minimum interference from other people.

Question 27

Which of the following refers to the ability to influence people to willingly follow one's guidance?

A) Power
B) Leadership
C) Dominance
D) Authority
E) Reinforcement

Question 28

The path-goal theory of leadership and the expectancy theory of motivation are closely related in that leader behaviors can either increase or decrease employee expectancies.

Question 29

According to Robert Tannenbaum and Warren Schmidt,successful leaders are keenly aware of the forces that are most relevant to their behavior at a given time.

Question 30

Which of the following types of leaders assumes that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it,if possible?

A) A path-goal leader
B) A participative leader
C) A Theory X leader
D) A toxic leader
E) A democratic leader

Question 31

Which of the following assumptions is true about Theory Y employees?

A) They have an inherent dislike for work.
B) They prefer to be directed.
C) They are mainly concerned about security.
D) They have relatively little ambition.
E) They learn not only to accept but to seek responsibility.

Question 32

Which of the following is the basis for referent power?

A) The skill and knowledge an individual possesses
B) The personal characteristics of an individual
C) The position of an individual in the organizational hierarchy
D) An individual's capacity to punish others
E) An individual's capacity to provide rewards

Question 33

Which of the following refers to the right of an individual to issue directives and expend resources?

A) Influence
B) Leadership
C) Dominance
D) Authority
E) Power

Question 34

Which of the following types of power can an individual possess without having formal authority?

A) Coercive power
B) Reward power
C) Position power
D) Legitimate power
E) Referent power

Question 35

Which of the following types of leaders is most likely to use an authoritarian style of leadership?

A) A Theory X leader
B) A path-goal leader
C) A toxic leader
D) An agile leader
E) A democratic leader

Question 36

Fred Fiedler's contingency studies of leadership indicate that a relationship-motivated leader is more effective in both highly favorable and highly unfavorable situations when compared to a task-motivated leader.

Question 37

Which of the following assumptions is true about Theory X employees?

A) They not only accept but also seek responsibility.
B) They consider the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work as natural as play or rest.
C) They prefer to be directed and have relatively little ambition.
D) They are always committed to their work and they will never choose to avoid it.
E) They exercise self-control in the service of objectives to which they are committed.

Question 38

The Managerial Grid is a two-dimensional framework rating a leader on the basis of concern for people and concern for production.

Question 39

The amount of authority a manager has depends on the amount of _____ power the manager can exert.

A) expert
B) informational
C) referent
D) informal
E) coercive

Question 40

Which of the following is a measure of a person's potential to get others to do what he or she wants them to do?

A) Influence
B) Leadership
C) Dominance
D) Authority
E) Power

Question 41

According to the Managerial Grid developed by Blake and Mouton,which of the following leadership styles should managers ultimately aim to achieve?

A) Country club management
B) Team management
C) Impoverished management
D) Democratic management
E) Laissez-faire management

Question 42

According to the Managerial Grid,in which of the following styles of management does interdependence through a "common stake" in organization purpose lead to relationships of trust and respect?

A) Country club management
B) Team management
C) Impoverished management
D) Authority-obedience management
E) Autocratic management

Question 43

The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ)was developed by researchers involved in the _____ on leadership.

A) situational theory
B) Ohio State studies
C) Harvard Business School studies
D) path-goal theory
E) Michigan studies

Question 44

Which of the following is a factor that the Managerial Grid uses to rate a leader?

A) Concern for rewards
B) Risk aversion
C) Conflict resolution
D) Concern for people
E) Authority of the leader

Question 45

Fred Fiedler studied the match between the leader's personality and the _____.

A) work efficiency
B) organization's vision
C) work output
D) maturity of the followers
E) situation

Question 46

In the Managerial Grid,which of the following styles of management involve thoughtful attention to needs of people that ultimately lead to a comfortable,friendly atmosphere and work tempo?

A) Country club management
B) Team management
C) Impoverished management
D) Authority-obedience management
E) Autocratic management

Question 47

Which of the following studies on leadership focused on leader behaviors and used a universal approach?

A) Robert House's studies
B) Ohio State studies
C) Situational theory
D) The path-goal theory
E) Fiedler's contingency theory

Question 48

Harry manages a small team of employees who assemble industrial drills.He has noticed that his subordinates do not assume responsibility for their performance.In addition,production is good when he is around but consistently plummets whenever he is out of town.Harry most likely has a(n)_____ style of leadership.

A) autocratic
B) country club
C) participatory
D) laissez-faire
E) toxic

Question 49

According to the Managerial Grid,in which of the following management styles is adequate organization performance possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level?

A) Organization man management
B) Authority-obedience management
C) Impoverished management
D) Country club management
E) Production-oriented management

Question 50

Melissa is the sales manager in Conway Chemical Corporation.She has no confidence in her ability to lead her team of sales executives.Her leadership style can be described as _____.

A) autocratic
B) exploitative
C) participatory
D) laissez-faire
E) democratic

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true of a laissez-faire style of leadership?

A) Criticism and praise are given objectively.
B) Decision making is shared between the leader and the group.
C) The leader has little confidence in his or her leadership ability.
D) Individuals show a lot of interest in their work.
E) Quality of work and productivity are generally high.

Question 52

Which of the following studies on leadership focused on leader behaviors and used a contingent approach?

A) Managerial Grid
B) Basic leadership styles
C) Ohio State studies
D) Path-goal theory
E) Fiedler's theory

Question 53

Melinda,a senior architect in XYZ Inc.,has been asked to design a new retail space.She calls for a meeting with her team to lay some ground rules.She makes it clear in the meeting that she expects orders issued by her to be carried out,with no questions allowed and no explanations given.Which of the following leadership styles does Melinda demonstrate?

A) Autocratic
B) Participative
C) Exploitative
D) Laissez-faire
E) Democratic

Question 54

Linden Financial has set a target of finding ten thousand new customers for its new regional division during the next financial year.Greg,the senior sales manager for this division,has appropriately divided the tasks among each of his team members and explained the various promotional activities that need to be undertaken to achieve this goal.Greg's behavior can be termed as _____.

A) impoverished management
B) consideration
C) initiating structure
D) servant leadership
E) participative leadership

Question 55

According to Rensis Likert,which of the following types of managers request and receive inputs from subordinates but maintain the right to make the final decision?

A) Consultative managers
B) Authoritative managers
C) Exploitative managers
D) Laissez-Faire managers
E) Participative managers

Question 56

Which of the following is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the Ohio State University research on the most important behaviors of successful leaders?

A) Laissez-faire leaders were most effective for managing office workers.
B) Leaders scoring high on consideration tend to have less satisfied subordinates than do leaders scoring low on consideration.
C) The relationship between initiating structure and leader effectiveness varied depending on the group being led.
D) Managers of high-producing work groups were more likely to receive general rather than close supervision from their superiors.
E) Participative style was the most effective style of management.

Question 57

According to the _____ management style of the Managerial Grid,exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is sufficient to sustain organizational membership.

A) country club
B) team
C) impoverished
D) organization man
E) production-oriented

Question 58

Megan,an employee in an accounting firm,was dismissed from service by her manager due to a serious breach of client confidentiality agreement.The manager then conducted a meeting with the team members to explain the organizational reasons that led to this decision.Which of the following basic leadership styles does the manager demonstrate in this scenario?

A) Autocratic
B) Toxic
C) Exploitative
D) Laissez-faire
E) Democratic

Question 59

In the Managerial Grid,which of the following management styles attain efficiency in operations as a result of arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree?

A) Country club management
B) Team management
C) Impoverished management
D) Authority-obedience management
E) Laissez-faire management

Question 60

Which of the following types of leaders believe that pay is a just reward for working and the only reward that will motivate employees?

A) An autocratic leader
B) A country club leader
C) A consultative leader
D) A laissez-faire leader
E) A democratic leader

Question 61

Differentiate transactional leadership from transformational leadership.

Question 62

Insights gained from available leadership theories can be used to develop more effective leaders.Discuss a few ways of doing this.

Question 63

List the determinants of maturity in a follower.How should a leader adapt his or her behavior in response to the changing maturity of the followers?

Question 64

Which of the following theories of leadership attempts to define the relationship between a leader's behavior and the subordinates' performance and work activities?

A) The path-goal theory
B) The Management Grid theory
C) The expectancy theory
D) The two factor theory
E) The situational leadership theory

Question 65

Discuss the path-goal theory of leadership and how it influences the subordinates.

Question 66

Outline the factors that affect the leadership styles,as described by Fiedler.

Question 67

Evaluate the trait theory of leadership.

Question 68

Describe the role of emotional intelligence (EI)in the effectiveness of a leader.

Question 69

Describe how Fiedler used the least preferred co-worker scale to measure whether a person was a task- or relationship-oriented leader.

Question 70

What assumptions do Theory X managers make about people?

Question 71

According to the path-goal theory,_____ leadership involves consulting with subordinates and asking for their suggestions in the decision-making process.

A) autocratic
B) supportive
C) role classification
D) participative
E) servant

Question 72

According to path-goal theory,which of the following statements best describes the supportive type of leadership?

A) The leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them.
B) The leader attempts to make the work environment more pleasant for subordinates.
C) The leader gives orders that are not to be questioned by subordinates.
D) The leader consults with subordinates and asks for their suggestions in the decision-making process.
E) The leader believes that pay is a just reward for working and the only reward that will motivate employees.

Question 73

Which of the following theories of leadership includes maturity of the followers as an important factor in leader behavior?

A) The path-goal theory
B) The Management Grid theory
C) The contingency theory
D) The two factor theory
E) The situational leadership theory

Question 74

According to Fred Fielder,_____ refer(s)to the degree that others trust and respect the leader.

A) leader-member relations
B) position power
C) expert power
D) people considerations
E) authority-obedience

Question 75

Fiedler placed leadership situations along a favorable-unfavorable continuum based on three major dimensions.Which of the following is one of those dimensions?

A) Task structure
B) Expert power
C) Value systems
D) Organization type
E) Tolerance for ambiguity

Question 76

The path-goal theory of leadership was developed by _____.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Robert House
C) Warren Schmidt
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Fred Fiedler

Question 77

Identify the forces in the subordinates that affect leadership situations.

Question 78

Which of the following styles of leadership involves cultivating employee acceptance of the group mission?

A) Laissez-faire leadership
B) Autocratic leadership
C) Transformational leadership
D) Transactional leadership
E) Country club leadership

Question 79

Which of the following types of leaders take the fulfillment of followers' needs as his or her primary aim?

A) A transactional leader
B) An autocratic leader
C) A laissez-faire leader
D) A participative leader
E) A servant leader

Question 80

Which of the following scales was used by Fred Fiedler to measure whether a person is a task- or relationship-oriented leader?

A) The path-goal scale
B) The organization man scale
C) The least preferred co-worker scale
D) The participative scale
E) The authority-obedience scale