Deck 7: Origins and Organization of the Courts

Question 1

A program in which prosecutors intervene in all disorderly behavior that affects the quality of life in a neighborhood is called __________.

A)community prosecution
B)contract attorney programs
C)courtroom work group
D)assigned counsel

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A person called to testify because of his or her special expertise in an area at issue in a legal proceeding is a(n)__________.

A)dispute resolution
B)merit selection
C)writ of certiorari
D)expert witness

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The prosecutors,defense counsel,judges,and other courtroom personnel who represent distinct interests but share the goal of shepherding large numbers of cases through the adjudication process are called the __________.

A)assigned counsel
B)contract attorney programs
C)courtroom work group
D)community prosecution

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Statements by victims to the judge before sentencing about how the crime has harmed them are called __________.

A)victimology
B)victim impact statements
C)victim's bill of rights
D)victim's services

Question 5

The term '__________' refers to a method for selecting judges that involves a combination of appointment and election.

A)dispute resolution
B)merit selection
C)writ of certiorari
D)expert witness

Question 6

Programs in which private attorneys,firms,or local bar associations provide legal representation to indigent defendants for a specific period contracted with the county are called __________.

A)assigned counsel
B)contract attorney programs
C)courtroom work group
D)community prosecution

Question 7

The __________ can hear on appeal any case involving federal law,suits between states,and cases involving interpretations of the U.S.Constitution.

A)U.S.district courts
B)U.S.courts of appeals
C)U.S.Supreme Court
D)felony drug courts

Question 8

Salaried attorneys paid by the government to represent indigents charged with crimes are called '__________'.

A)prosecutors
B)district attorneys
C)defense attorneys
D)public defenders

Question 9

Courts that handle only drug offenses and attempt to correct underlying causes of the illegal conduct are called __________.

A)U.S.district courts
B)U.S.courts of appeals
C)felony drug courts
D)U.S.Supreme Court

Question 10

These intermediate appellate courts are the __________.There are thirteen of these courts,located in federal judicial districts throughout the United States.

A)U.S.district courts
B)U.S.courts of appeals
C)U.S.Supreme Court
D)felony drug courts

Question 11

Courts that divert misdemeanor or non-violent felony offenders with mental illness to treatment programs and court supervision are called __________.

A)juvenile courts
B)mental health courts
C)drug courts
D)domestic violence courts

Question 12

A legal order from the U.S.Supreme Court stating that a lower court must forward the record of a particular case for review is called a __________.

A)dispute resolution
B)writ of certiorari
C)merit selection
D)expert witness

Question 13

Legal changes that formally recognize the role and rights of victims in the justice process are called the __________.

A)victimology
B)victim impact statements
C)victim's bill of rights
D)victim's services

Question 14

A method of handling complaints outside the judicial process through a mediator appointed by the court is called ___________.

A)dispute resolution
B)merit selection
C)writ of certiorari
D)expert witness

Question 15

Elected or appointed officials who represent the community in bringing charges against an accused person are called __________.

A)prosecutors
B)district attorneys
C)defense attorneys
D)public defenders

Question 16

The name for city and county prosecutors in many jurisdictions is '__________'.

A)prosecutors
B)public defenders
C)defense attorneys
D)district attorneys

Question 17

The federal courts of general jurisdiction are the __________.These courts have unlimited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters,and most federal trials are conducted in them.

A)U.S.courts of appeals
B)U.S.district courts
C)U.S.Supreme Court
D)felony drug courts

Question 18

A private attorney appointed by the court on a case-by-case basis from a list of available attorneys is also known as ___________.

A)assigned counsel
B)contract attorney programs
C)courtroom work group
D)community prosecution

Question 19

The study of crime victimization,as well as the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system,is called __________.

A)victimology
B)victim impact statements
C)victim's bill of rights
D)victim's services

Question 20

Attorneys who represent the legal rights of the accused in criminal or civil proceedings are called __________.

A)prosecutors
B)district attorneys
C)defense attorneys
D)public defenders

Question 21

'U.S.district courts' are intermediate federal appellate courts.

Question 22

'Victim impact statements' by victims to the judge before sentencing about how the crime has harmed them.

Question 23

Historically,juries consisted of white males.Even after the Civil War,some states excluded blacks from juries until the U.S.Supreme Court specifically ruled against this practice in _______.

A)1779
B)1809
C)1879
D)1909

Question 24

'Defense attorneys' are attorneys who represent the legal rights of the accused in criminal or civil proceedings.

Question 25

'U.S.courts of appeals' are federal trial courts of general jurisdiction.

Question 26

'Community courts' are decentralized courts that respond to neighborhood conditions using citizen advisory committees,volunteers,and teen courts.

Question 27

An 'expert witness' is a person called to testify because of his or her special expertise in an area at issue in the case.

Question 28

A method of handling complaints outside the judicial process through a mediator appointed by the court is called 'dispute resolution'.

Question 29

'Mental health courts' are courts that divert misdemeanor or non-violent felony offenders with mental illness to treatment programs and court supervision.

Question 30

__________ provide a protection of clients by examining the evidence used to establish probable cause and questioning whether the evidence proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.This role sometimes brings them into conflict with police and prosecutors,and with victims and witnesses who may believe they are being "attacked" by them.

A)defense attorneys
B)judges
C)juries
D)court officers

Question 31

The 'courtroom work group' refers to the prosecutors,defense counsel,judges,and other courtroom personnel who represent distinct interests but share the goal of shepherding large numbers of cases through the adjudication process.

Question 32

The term 'merit selection' refers to a method for selecting judges that involves a combination of appointment and election.

Question 33

The term 'community prosecution' refers to a program in which prosecutors intervene in all disorderly behavior that affects the quality of life in a neighborhood.

Question 34

Until the late 1800s defendants could not act as witnesses or take the stand in their own defense.Today defendants are permitted to testify under oath.

Question 35

The highest court(s)in the United States,which hears final appeals in cases involving federal law,suits between states,and interpretations of the U.S.Constitution.

A)U.S.District Courts
B)U.S.Courts of Appeals
C)U.S.Supreme Court
D)U.S.Military Courts

Question 36

'Juvenile courts' are courts that handle only drug offenses and attempt to correct underlying causes of the illegal conduct.

Question 37

The vast majority of criminal cases are heard in state courts,because most felonies are defined by state laws.

Question 38

The United States has a __________ court system,which means we have state laws and federal laws and state court cases involve state laws and federal cases involve state laws.

A)uniform
B)dual
C)quad
D)single

Question 39

'Victimology' is the study of crime victimization,as well as the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system.

Question 40

Some analyses indicate that __________ foster sentencing based on perceptions of the victim's worth rather than on the seriousness of the crime.The inclusion of these accounts is relatively new,however,and changes in sentencing laws to accommodate the requests of victims are still occurring.

A)victimization surveys
B)offender testimonials
C)victim impact statements
D)police reports

Question 41

What are the differences between 'limited' and 'general' jurisdictions? Please explain.

Question 42

Why have victims and witnesses sometimes been called the 'forgotten players' in the criminal justice process?

Question 43

The term __________ refers to a method for selecting judges that involves a combination of appointment and election.

Question 44

The __________ involves the prosecutors,defense counsel,judges,and other courtroom personnel who represent distinct interests but share the goal of shepherding large numbers of cases through the adjudication process.

Question 45

The United States has a _________ court system;this means that we have state laws and federal laws and state court cases involve state laws and federal cases involve state laws.

Question 46

What are the four types of cases in which the U.S.Supreme Court must render an opinion?

Question 47

The term __________ refers to the U.S.Supreme Court's authority to review the constitutionality of acts of Congress.

Question 48

A(n)__________ is a person called to testify because of his or her special expertise in an area at issue in a legal proceeding.

Question 49

A __________ is a legal order from the U.S.Supreme Court stating that a lower court must forward the record of a particular case for review.

Question 50

Why are alternatives to the U.S.court system needed? Do you think that justice can still be served?

Question 51

A victim's __________ involve legal changes that formally recognize the role and rights of victims in the justice process.

Question 52

__________ refers to a program in which prosecutors intervene in all disorderly behavior that affects the quality of life in a neighborhood.

Question 53

According to your text there are specific skills that are involved in dispute resolution and conflict management.How effectively do you think this program might prevent crime?

Question 54

__________ is the study of crime victimization,as well as the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system

Question 55

__________ is a method of handling complaints outside the judicial process through a mediator appointed by the court.