Deck 23: Cancer Development

Question 1

An adult client who has a suspicious mammogram says that her mother died of bone cancer when she was around the same age.Which is the most important question for the nurse to ask this client?

A) "Have any other members of your family had bone cancer?"
B) "Did your mother ever have any other type of cancer?"
C) "How old were you when you started your periods?"
D) "Did your mother have regular mammograms?"

Answer 1

"Did your mother ever have any other type of cancer?"

Question 2

A client states that his brain tumor is benign and does not need to be removed.What is the nurse's best response?

A) "As your tumor grows, it can damage your brain, so it should be removed."
B) "Benign tumors consist of normal cells, so removal is only for cosmetic purposes."
C) "Benign tumors turn into cancer, so they should be removed as soon as possible."
D) "Because benign tumors can migrate, they should be removed before they spread."

Answer 2

"As your tumor grows, it can damage your brain, so it should be removed."

Question 3

Which comment made by a client with breast cancer indicates a need for clarification regarding cancer causes and prevention?

A) "I will eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet from now on."
B) "Probably nothing I did or didn't do caused this cancer."
C) "I hope my daughter doesn't develop breast cancer."
D) "Regular mammograms on my other breast will prevent cancer."

Answer 3

"Regular mammograms on my other breast will prevent cancer."

Question 4

In reviewing the pathophysiology of a particular type of cancer,the nurse correlates the generation time for cancer development with which description?

A) The rate at which cancer cells are able to migrate and metastasize to different sites
B) How long it takes for a malignant tumor to double in size by mitotic cell divisions
C) The period of time needed for one cell to divide into two cells by mitosis
D) The period of time between cell damage and expression of a malignancy

Question 5

In preparing a community teaching program,which information does the nurse plan to present to address secondary cancer prevention?

A) Receiving cancer treatment with chemotherapy
B) Annual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels
C) Avoiding known cancer-causing substances or conditions
D) Having adolescent children receive the Gardasil vaccination

Question 6

The nurse most likely would construct a three-generation pedigree for a client who had a relative treated for which cancer?

A) Lung cancer
B) Prostate cancer
C) Cervical cancer
D) Bone cancer

Question 7

Which biologic characteristic is specific to normal differentiated adult cells but not to cancer cells?

A) Anaplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Aneuploidy
D) Loose adherence

Question 8

The nurse includes which information about benign tumors when presenting an in-service on cancer?

A) They can wander far throughout the body.
B) They are smaller than 2 cm.
C) They retain a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.
D) They look different from the tissue they arose from.

Question 9

A client with prostate cancer says that he is now having a lot of pain in his lower back and legs.The nurse educates the client about which intervention?

A) X-rays of the spine and legs
B) Administering ibuprofen (Motrin) for pain
C) Referral to the pain control specialist
D) Referral to physical therapy

Question 10

The nurse is counseling a client who smokes and drinks heavily about cancer risk.The client is adamant that he or she will never stop smoking.Which question by the nurse is most appropriate?

A) "Would you be willing to stop drinking alcohol?"
B) "Have you ever tried the nicotine patch?"
C) "Why are you so determined to continue smoking?"
D) "Do you understand that smoking is the leading cause of cancer?"

Question 11

The nurse correlates the role of suppressor genes in cancer development with which action?

A) The presence of suppressor genes increases risks for gene damage by carcinogens.
B) People with a greater number of suppressor genes are at increased risk for getting cancer.
C) Suppressor genes enhance immune function, suppressing cancer development.
D) Suppressor genes limit cell division, reducing risks for developing cancer.

Question 12

Malignant cell growth is uncontrolled because of which action?

A) Cancer cells always divide more rapidly than normal cells.
B) Mitosis of malignant cells usually produces more than two daughter cells.
C) Malignant cells bypass one or more phases of the cell cycle during cell division.
D) Malignant cells enter the cell cycle frequently, making cell division continuous.

Question 13

A middle-aged client is having a physical examination and is worried about cancer risk.Which question is most important for the nurse to ask?

A) "How much time do you spend in the sun?"
B) "How many servings of fruits and vegetables do you eat every day?"
C) "How often do you eat processed meats like bologna?"
D) "Do you smoke cigarettes or have you ever used tobacco products?"

Question 14

The middle-aged client with lung cancer asks whether his adult children are at increased risk for this cancer.What is the nurse's best response?

A) "This disease is a random event and there is no way to prevent it."
B) "This disease is inherited, so your children have a 50% risk for developing it."
C) "Smoking is the main cause. Helping your children not smoke decreases their risk."
D) "They can avoid cancer by decreasing the fat they eat and by exercising more."

Question 15

The nurse counsels a woman who has a BRCA1 gene that she has what chance for developing breast cancer during her lifetime?

A) None; this gene has a protective effect
B) Same as the general population
C) Lower than the general population
D) Higher than the general population

Question 16

A client says that she has heard that the origin of most cancers is genetic and wants "genetic testing because of a family history of cancer." What is the nurse's best response?

A) "I will ask your physician about a referral for genetic testing."
B) "Let's look at your family history back to your grandparents' generation."
C) "Genetic testing is so expensive; let's talk about reducing your risk instead."
D) "Inherited cancers are much more common in males than in females."

Question 17

A client has known lung cancer and has been admitted for abdominal pain and jaundice.A computed tomography (CT)scan reveals tumors in the client's liver.The client is distraught and says,"So now I have liver cancer too?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A) "Yes, liver cancer is common in people who already have lung cancer."
B) "Yes, your chemotherapy left you vulnerable to a virus that causes liver cancer."
C) "No, the tumors are actually from your lung cancer, which has metastasized."
D) "No, having tumors in two different organs is rare; you probably have hepatitis."

Question 18

The nurse correlates "initiation" in cancer development with which action?

A) Inflicting mutations that lead to excessive cell division
B) Increasing the capacity of the transformed cell for error-free DNA repair
C) Stimulating contact inhibition in cells damaged by a carcinogen
D) Making cancer cells appear more normal to escape immune surveillance

Question 19

A client's cancer is staged by the TNM classification as T1,N3,M1.What is the nurse's interpretation of this classification?

A) The client has a large tumor involving the lymph nodes, but no distant metastasis.
B) The client has a tumor, and metastasis cannot be determined by the staging method.
C) The client has a 2-cm tumor, one involved lymph node, and local metastasis.
D) The client has a small tumor, many involved lymph nodes, and distant metastasis.

Question 20

An occupational health nurse is working with management in a firm that provides commercial building restoration,including asbestos removal.Which action does the nurse recommend to management?

A) Provide annual screening chest x-rays for those exposed to asbestos.
B) Purchase protective gear and develop policies mandating its use.
C) Offer "stop smoking" programs on site several times a year.
D) Routinely distribute testing kits for occult fecal blood.

Question 21

The nurse is planning a cancer education event in an Asian community center.The nurse plans to present information specifically on which types of cancer?

A) Breast and colorectal
B) Skin and lymphoma
C) Liver and stomach
D) Uterine and ovarian

Question 22

The nurse is seeing clients in a clinic.Which client does the nurse assess further for the development of cancer?

A) Client with a cough that has lasted for 4 months
B) Client whose mother died of lung cancer
C) Client with a 10-pound weight gain
D) Woman whose last mammogram was 3 years ago

Question 23

It is most important that the nurse include which activity for the young adult client with Down syndrome?

A) Encouraging more fruit and leafy green vegetables in the diet
B) Teaching him how to perform testicular self-examination
C) Assessing the skin for unusual bruises and petechiae
D) Testing the client's stool for occult blood

Question 24

A client has colorectal cancer.Which activities are especially important for the nurse to conduct for this client?

A) Monitor liver function studies.
B) Maintain accurate intake and output.
C) Obtain daily weight using the same scale.
D) Palpate lymph nodes at each clinic visit.
E) Ask the client about changes in belly size.

Question 25

The nurse wishes to present a cancer program to a group of people at high risk for cancer.In planning the program,which group does the nurse consider the priority?

A) Older adults
B) People who smoke
C) Clients with family histories of cancer
D) People with poor immune function

Question 26

In preparing a cancer risk reduction pamphlet for African-American clients,it is most important that the nurse include information on prevention and early detection for which types of cancer?

A) Lung and prostate
B) Bone and leukemia
C) Skin and lymphoma
D) Stomach and esophageal

Question 27

The nurse is interested in primary prevention for cancer.Which activity does the nurse most likely participate in?

A) Distributing occult fecal blood test kits to people at the shopping mall
B) Arranging transportation volunteers for clients undergoing radiation therapy
C) Teaching high school students the dangers of using tobacco
D) Educating adolescent girls about getting an annual Papanicolaou (PAP) smear

Question 28

The nurse assesses which client most carefully for cancer development?

A) Young man receiving radiation therapy for a brain tumor
B) Young adult woman who recently had postpartum hemorrhage
C) Adolescent male recently diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
D) Older woman undergoing chemotherapy for bowel cancer