Deck 3: Genetic Principles in Blood Banking

Question 1

In a random population,16% of the population is homozygous for a particular trait.What percentage of the same population is heterozygous for that particular trait?

A)32%
B)64%
C)48%
D)84%

Answer 1

C
Using the Hardy Weinberg formula,(p + q)² = 1.0 therefore the square root of 16 is 4 and 4 + 6 = 1.Since the expanded formula is p² + 2pq + q² = 1.0,then 2pq is the heterozygous population,which is 2  4  6 = 48.

Question 2

What is the approximate probability of finding a compatible unit of blood for a D-positive patient with antibodies to C,E,and K,if the frequency of C is 70%,E,30%,and K is 10%?

A)2 out of 10 units
B)4 out of 10 units
C)2 out of 100 units
D)4 out of 100 units

Answer 2

A
Multiply the negative frequencies for each antigen: C  E  K or .30  .70  .90 = .19,which is about 2 out of 10 units.

Question 3

A father carries the Xg^a blood group trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but to none of his sons.What type of inheritance pattern does this demonstrate?

A)X-linked dominant
B)X-linked recessive
C)Autosomal dominant
D)Autosomal recessive

Answer 3

A
Because the father passed the trait to only his daughters,it was carried on the X chromosome.Because only one is needed for expression,this is a dominant genetic trait.

Question 4

If anti-M was reacted with red cells that are M+N+,how would they compare with red cells that are M+N-?

A)Stronger
B)Weaker
C)The same
D)Varies with the method

Question 5

Parents who are both phenotyped as group A cannot have a group O child.

A)True
B)False

Question 6

When using the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate genetic frequencies,which of the following must be true?

A)The population statistics must be large.
B)Mutations cannot occur.
C)Mating must be random.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 7

In relationship testing,a "direct exclusion" is established when a genetic marker is:

A)present in the child but absent in both the mother and alleged father.
B)present in the child,absent in the mother,and present in the alleged father.
C)absent in the child,present in the mother,and the alleged father.
D)absent in the child,present in the mother,and absent in the alleged father.

Question 8

Most blood group systems are inherited as:

A)autosomal recessive.
B)autosomal dominant.
C)sex-linked recessive.
D)autosomal codominant.

Question 9

The children of an AB mother and a B father could phenotype as all of the following except:

A)O.
B)A.
C)B.
D)AB.

Question 10

If two traits were found to occur higher in a population together than each occurs separately,they may be linked.This would suggest that:

A)they are found far apart on the same chromosome.
B)they are inherited on different chromosomes.
C)crossover has occurred.
D)the genes are close together on the same chromosome.

Question 11

An advantage of Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)for viral marker testing is:

A)it is quicker to perform than most other tests.
B)it is more cost effective than traditional test methods.
C)a small amount of DNA or RNA can be detected.
D)cross-contamination of samples is not a problem.

Question 12

A person whose red cells type as M+N+ with antisera would be:

A)a homozygote.
B)a heterozygote.
C)unable to be determined without family studies.
D)linked.

Question 13

What is meant by the term autosomal?

A)A trait that is not carried on the sex chromosomes
B)A trait that is carried on the sex chromosome
C)A trait that is expressed only in the parents
D)A gene that does not express a characteristic

Question 14

Crossing over occurs during:

A)meiosis.
B)mitosis.
C)somatic cell division.
D)zygote formation.

Question 15

Mitosis results in __________ chromosomes as the original.

A)four cells with half as many
B)two cells with the same number of
C)four cells with the same number of
D)two cells with half as many

Question 16

Of the following markers that can be used to test for paternity,which marker provides the most useful statistical value?

A)Human leukocyte antigen typing
B)D antigens
C)ABO system antigens
D)The Kidd system (Jk^a,Jk^b)

Question 17

The linked HLA genes on each chromosome are inherited as a:

A)haplotype.
B)phenotype.
C)genotype.
D)antithetical pair.

Question 18

In a family study,it was determined that all four siblings in the family had a different blood type: A,B,O,and AB.The parents were most likely ____________.

A)AA and BB
B)AO and BB
C)OO and AB
D)AO and BO

Question 19

When an individual is said to be group A,it refers to the individual's:

A)alleles.
B)haplotype.
C)genotype.
D)phenotype.

Question 20

How is RNA different from DNA?

A)RNA usually exists as a single strand.
B)The sugar ribose is substituted for deoxyribose.
C)The base uracil exists only in RNA.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 21

Match the term with the definition that best fits.a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Technique used to replicate a specific targeted

Question 22

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
When a gene product is expressed only when it is inherited by both parents

Question 23

Hematopoietic progenitor cell engraftment evaluation following a transplant evaluates which specific markers in the recipient?

A)Similarities and differences of short tandem repeats of DNA
B)HLA typing differences
C)Sequence specific primers
D)Hybridized probes

Question 24

Match the term with the definition that best fits.a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Short segment of DNA with a known sequence that can be labeled with a marker

Question 25

Match the term with the definition that best fits.a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
The binding of two complementary pairs of DNA

Question 26

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
Equal expression of two different inherited genes as in most blood group systems

Question 27

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome and are inherited as a "group" or "bundle," they are inherited as this

Question 28

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
Having two or more alleles at a given gene locus

Question 29

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
A gene that does not express a detectable product

Question 30

Match the term with the definition that best fits.a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Marks the sequence to be amplified during PCR

Question 31

Match the term with the definition that best fits.a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Amplified target sequences of DNA produced by polymerase chain reaction

Question 32

In the PCR reaction,short pieces of single-stranded DNA that are complementary and mark the sequence to be amplified are called:

A)nucleotides.
B)polymerases.
C)primers.
D)amplicons.