Deck 5: The Erythrocyte

Question 1

This part of the RBC membrane is essential for transporting proteins and anions across the membrane:

A)Lipids.
B)Integral proteins.
C)Peripheral proteins.
D)Skeletal proteins.

Answer 1

Integral proteins.

Question 2

The heme moiety produced during intravascular hemolysis is excreted by the body as:

A)Biliverdin.
B)Urobilinogen.
C)Ferrochelatase.
D)Iron.

Answer 2

Urobilinogen.

Question 3

Increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen correlates to which of the following?

A)An elevated 2,3-BPG
B)A normal 2,3-BPG
C)A decreased 2,3-BPG
D)It cannot be determined.

Answer 3

A decreased 2,3-BPG

Question 4

The abnormal increased influx of sodium and water in stomatocytes is due to a defect in:

A)Peripheral proteins.
B)Integral proteins.
C)Actin.
D)Spectrin.

Question 5

Red blood cell production begins with what cell?

A)Progenitor
B)Hematopoietic stem cell
C)CFU
D)BFU

Question 6

Energy metabolism of the erythrocyte is achieved primarily through which of the following?

A)Aerobic glycolysis
B)Anaerobic glycolysis
C)Asexual replication
D)Mitosis

Question 7

The life span of a normal erythrocyte is about:

A)9-11 days.
B)5-7 days.
C)120 days.
D)6 hours.

Question 8

What effect would a deficiency in G6PD have on RBC survival?

A)It would increase the survival of the RBCs.
B)It would decrease the survival of the RBCs.
C)It would have no effect on the survival of the RBCs.
D)It cannot be determined.

Question 9

In a nonanemic adult, what is the normal range for peripheral blood reticulocytes?

A)0.5-1.0%
B)0.1-1.0%
C)2-4%
D)0.5-2.5%

Question 10

Polychromatophilic red blood cells are commonly called what cell type?

A)Normoblast
B)Prorubricyte
C)Reticulocyte
D)Metarubricyte

Question 11

Where does normal extravascular hemolysis take place?

A)Blood vessels and bone marrow
B)Lymph nodes and spleen
C)Spleen and liver
D)Bone marrow and liver

Question 12

The average RBC is what size?

A)20-25 µm
B)2-3 µm
C)12-15 µm
D)7-8 µm

Question 13

Which of the following best correlates with an increased reticulocyte count?

A)An increased bilirubin
B)The presence of schistocytes in the peripheral blood smear
C)Increased polychromasia on the peripheral blood smear
D)Anisocytosis and poikilocytosis

Question 14

The deformability of the RBC membrane is attributed to which of the following?

A)Peripheral proteins
B)Integral proteins
C)Sodium potassium pump
D)Glycophorins

Question 15

Choose the correct order of normoblastic maturation from least mature to most mature.

A)Erythrocyte, reticulocyte, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, basophilic normoblast, pronormoblast
B)Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
C)Basophilic normoblast, pronormoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, erythrocyte
D)pronormoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Question 16

Which of the following "marks" the RBC as senescent?

A)A cluster of band 3 proteins on the RBC membrane
B)An RBC with denatured hemoglobin on the RBC membrane
C)An elongated RBC
D)Hyperphosphorylation of integral proteins

Question 17

What is the primary way in which erythropoietin affects RBC production?

A)It expedites the maturation time of RBCs.
B)It prevents premature apoptosis of RBCs.
C)It stimulates facilitated incorporation of hemoglobin into RBCs.
D)It stimulates expulsion of nuclei from nucleated erythrocyte precursors at a quicker rate.

Question 18

A reticulocyte count is 6%.This result is:

A)Normal.
B)Increased.
C)Decreased.
D)Erroneous.

Question 19

All of the following proteins interact with spectrin in the RBC membrane except:

A)Glycophorin A.
B)Ankyrin.
C)Protein 4.1.
D)Actin.

Question 20

Which of the following will have the highest concentration of erythropoietin?

A)A child
B)A patient who has just donated a kidney
C)An anemic patient
D)A pregnant mother

Question 21

Which metabolic pathway protects hemoglobin from oxidation via NADH?

A)Rapoport-Luebering shunt
B)Embden Meyerhof pathway
C)Hexose monophosphate shunt
D)Methemoglobin reductase pathway

Question 22

Explain how EPO regulates RBC production.

Question 23

What protein is the major membrane attachment point of the latticework that laminates the inner lining of the RBC membrane.?

A)Tropomodulin
B)Troponyosin
C)Ankycin
D)Band 3

Question 24

A blood sample has an elevated bilirubin, low haptoglobin, and low hemopexin.What is the most likely reason for this occurrence?

A)Increased extravascular hemolysis
B)Hypersplenism
C)Ineffective Erythropoiesis
D)Increased intravascular hemolysis

Question 25

Which major integral protein is used in the mechanism to transport the chloride-bicarbonate exchange?

A)Glucose transporter
B)Anion exchange protein
C)Ankyrin
D)Adducing

Question 26

What element or property contributes to the normal shape of the RBC?

A)Sodium
B)Flexible coiled spectrin tetramers
C)Calcium
D)Magnesium

Question 27

The production of 2, 3-BPG occurs in which erythrocytic metabolic pathway?

A)Embden-Meyerhof pathway
B)Hexose monophosphate shunt
C) Rapoport-Luebering shunt
D)All of the above Correct

Question 28

Explain the effect of the following on RBC survival.Explain your answer.

A)An absence of G6PD
B)An absence of PK
C)A defect in spectrin
D)A defect in ankyrin

Question 29

What growth factor influences the production of the erythrocyte?

A)Transforming growth factor-β
B)Interferon-γ
C)Erythropoietin
D)CFU-E

Question 30

Predict the results of erythropoietin in a patient with hypoxia.

A)It will be increased.
B)It will be normal.
C)It will be decreased.
D)It cannot be determined.

Question 31

Explain how hemoglobin is catabolized by the body in both extravascular and intravascular hemolysis.

Question 32

What analyte may help to differentiate between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Bilirubin
C)Haptoglobin
D)Reticulocytes

Question 33

What contributes to the RBC cell membrane integrity?

A)Skeletal proteins
B)Glycolytic pathway
C)2,3 DPG
D)Methemoglobin reductase