Deck 11: Job Discrimination

Question 1

A historical view indicates which of the following is correct?

A) Statistical evidence is irrelevant to proving discrimination.
B) Women and blacks are sometimes victimized by stereotypes.
C) The idea that women may have difficulties fitting into a "male" work environment is outdated.
D) On average women earn between 1/3 and 1/2 of what men make for doing the very same work.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men-all of them articulate and conventionally dressed-to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed

A) sexual discrimination against young African-American men.
B) racial discrimination against young African-American men.
C) sexual discrimination against young white men.
D) racial discrimination against young white men.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Fill in the blank. Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of affirmative action but also find that _______________ benefits when they make themselves more diverse?

A) the morale of the company
B) the bottom line
C) the law department
D) the managers

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?

A) over 12,000 annually.
B) over 15,000 annually.
C) over 25,000 annually.
D) over 50,000 annually.

Question 5

Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will lead to illegal quotas, preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse discrimination against white men?

A) affirmative action
B) sexual diversity
C) sexual harassment
D) age discrimination

Question 6

In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation Agency, that

A) affirmative action is unconstitutional.
B) quotas based on considerations of race are unconstitutional.
C) considerations of sex are permissible as one factor in deciding whom to promote.
D) racially segregated schooling is unconstitutional.

Question 7

The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts

A) treated sexual harassment as a form of discrimination.
B) upheld seniority over affirmative action.
C) upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
D) upheld the legality of mandatory drug testing.

Question 8

Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?

A) Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action.
B) Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms.
C) Affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment.
D) Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas.

Question 9

Advocates of "comparable worth"

A) say that all women do their job just as well as men.
B) base their doctrine on the free-market determination of wages.
C) believe it is necessary for getting rid of sexual harassment.
D) want women to be paid as much as men for jobs involving equivalent skill, effort, and responsibility.

Question 10

To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?

A) reasonable person
B) sensual person
C) hysterical person
D) management person

Question 11

Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?

A) Brown v. Board of Education upheld the principle of "separate but equal."
B) The Bakke case outlawed affirmative action across the board.
C) In the 2004 Holtz case, the Supreme Court ruled that "race-conscious" admissions policies are unconstitutional.
D) In the recent University of Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court upheld a moderate, flexible affirmative action program and rejected a rigid one.

Question 12

There are two legal types of sexual harassment:

A) male to female, female to male.
B) male to male, female to female.
C) boss to worker, worker to boss.
D) "quid pro quo'' and "hostile work environment.''

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?

A) Unwelcome sexual offers a female employer gives to a male employee.
B) A female employee hugging a co-worker when he announces his engagement.
C) A manager enforcing a dress code for a work environment.
D) An employee pinning up comic strips in an office cubicle.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) Men cannot be victims of sexual harassment.
B) The Supreme Court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans.
C) The law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination.
D) Differences in levels and types of education explain why, on the average, men earn more than women.

Question 15

What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance ratings or even prior disciplinary history?

A) race
B) sexual orientation
C) age
D) gender

Question 16

Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR affirmative action?

A) It evens the score with young white men, who have had it good for too long.
B) It is necessary to break the cycle that keeps minorities and women locked into low-paying, low-prestige jobs.
C) It ignores the principle of equality.
D) It is a color-blind policy.

Question 17

What do affirmative action programs involve?

A) Firms should prepare an oral equal-employment policy and an affirmative action commitment.
B) Firms should appoint an administrative assistant to direct and implement their program and to publicize their policy and affirmative action commitment.
C) Firms are expected to survey current
Female and minority employment by department and job classification.
D) Whenever underrepresentation of females or minorities is evident, firms are to try a little harder.

Question 18

Male managers frequently assume that women

A) will not place family demands above work considerations.
B) possess the necessary drive to succeed in business.
C) take negative feedback professionally rather than personally.
D) are too emotional to be good managers.

Question 19

Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?

A) African Americans have the third highest standard of living in the world.
B) Today, men are just as likely as women to be in so-called "pink collar" occupations.
C) There is little statistical evidence of job discrimination today.
D) Relatively few women and minorities have made it to the very top of their professions.

Question 20

Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. Who decides when such behavior is inappropriate?

A) The person to whom the comments are directed.
B) The person accused of harassment.
C) The hypothetical "reasonable person."
D) The common law as modified by legislation.

Question 21

An isolated or occasional remark or innuendo inevitably constitutes sexual harassment.

Question 22

The terms "affirmative action" and "reverse discrimination" are synonymous.

Question 23

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed sexual and racial discrimination at work until overturned by the Supreme Court.

Question 24

The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.

Question 25

Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?

A) Most women want a rigid schedule.
B) Most women want the most challenging job.
C) Most women have chosen the higher paying occupations.
D) Most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations.

Question 26

The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.

Question 27

Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on someone who is not in a position to refuse it.

Question 28

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

Question 29

Kantians would repudiate sexual or racial job discrimination as disrespectful to our humanity.

Question 30

According to the Supreme Court, men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.

Question 31

One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as

A) assets.
B) equals.
C) high potentials.
D) playthings.

Question 32

Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. "Hostile work environment" is one of them.

Question 33

To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.

Question 34

Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to

A) job performance.
B) job discrimination.
C) job analysis.
D) job description.

Question 35

The issue of comparable worth pits against each other two cherished American values: the ethic of nondiscrimination verses the free enterprise system.

Question 36

"Affirmative action" refers to programs taking the race and sex of employees and job candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger society.

Question 37

The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its medical school for minorities.

Question 38

What should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?

A) She must decide if she likes the attention.
B) She should try to document it by keeping a record of what has occurred, who was involved, and when it happened.
C) Keep it to herself and never tell a soul.
D) Go on a talk show and tell her story.

Question 39

The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment and is therefore illegal.

Question 40

According to Shaw and Barry, companies clearly have what kind of obligation to provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?

A) legal
B) moral
C) environmental
D) personal

Question 41

The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v. Pena shows that, after years of disagreement, the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.

Question 42

Women entering male turf, or minority workers of either sex going into a predominantly white work environment, can find themselves uncomfortably being measured by a white male value system.

Question 43

Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should "make rigid quotas to ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.''

Question 44

Some companies view diversity in the workplace as a competitive advantage.

Question 45

Job discrimination can be individual or intentional. What are two other forms that job discrimination can take?

Question 46

A survey shows that three out of four whites believe that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to prefer living on welfare, and a majority of whites also believe that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be lazy, unpatriotic, and prone to violence.

Question 47

EEOC lists steps to affirmative action. Name two of them.

Question 48

Job discrimination occurs if three conditions are met. What are they?

Question 49

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and private, with twenty five or more employees.

Question 50

What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act say?

Question 51

Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.

Question 52

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

Question 53

What did the Supreme Court decide in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?

Question 54

Job discrimination involves prejudice, inaccurate stereotypes, or the assumption that a certain group is inferior and deserves unequal treatment.

Question 55

Anti-discrimination laws do not address the present-day effects of past discrimination.