Deck 13: Basic Sampling Issues

Question 1

Stratified random samples are often confused with which of the following nonprobability sampling techniques?

A)quota
B)convenience
C)judgment
D)snowball
E)none of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following types of samples enables the researcher to compute sampling error?

A)nonprobability
B)convenience
C)probability
D)all of these

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____________ is the total group of people from whom information is obtained.

A)Sample of interest
B)Census of interest
C)Population of interest
D)Subset of interest
E)The entire universe

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following sampling techniques would give the researcher the most confidence in projecting the findings to the overall population?

A)quota
B)projectable judgment
C)simple random
D)snowball
E)stratified snowball

Question 5

All other things equal,larger samples will have less ___________ than smaller samples.

A)measurement error
B)sampling error
C)time and cost
D)nonsampling error
E)interviewer error

Question 6

If the researcher is expecting different responses between males and females in a study,which type of sample might be most useful?

A)judgment
B)snowball
C)stratified random
D)systematic random
E)none of these

Question 7

The difference between the sample result and true population value is known as __________.

A)level of confidence
B)nonsampling error
C)acceptable error
D)none of these

Question 8

Which of the following could serve as the basis for forming a stratum?

A)usage rate
B)gender
C)income level
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 9

Which of the following sampling methods,if properly invoked,will produce projectable results?

A)quota
B)convenience
C)systematic
D)snowball
E)stratified quota


Question 10

What do convenience,judgment,quota,and snowball samples have in common?

A)They can all be classified as nonprobability samples.
B)They can all be classified as probability samples.
C)They all use random number tables to generate samples.
D)If properly invoked, they all provide projectable results.
E)They utilize every nth element in the sample frame.

Question 11

The type of error which results from the fact that samples are not perfectly representative of the populations from which they are drawn is known as _______.

A)measurement error
B)systematic error
C)sampling error
D)nonsampling error
E)selection error

Question 12

The _____________ is a list of the members or elements from which units to be sampled are selected.

A)population
B)sample frame
C)sample source
D)sample picture
E)universe

Question 13

In order to compute a skip interval,the researcher needs to know the desired sample size and the __________.

A)census
B)incidence rate
C)stratified sample
D)population size
E)none of these

Question 14

________________ samples must be selected in such a way that every element of the population has a known and equal chance of being selected.

A)Cluster
B)Simple random
C)Convenience
D)Systematic random
E)Stratified random

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding probability samples?

A)The researcher can be sure of obtaining information from a representative
Cross-section of the population of interest
B)Sampling error can be computed.
C)The survey results can be projected to the total population.
D)All of these statements are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 16

The first step in the development of a sampling plan is to:

A)determine sample size.
B)select a sampling method.
C)choose a data collection method.
D)define the population of interest.
E)decide which statistical techniques are appropriate.

Question 17

Which of the following sampling methods is the most statistically efficient (the most representative)?

A)simple random
B)systematic random
C)stratified random
D)cluster
E)All are equally statistically efficient.

Question 18

Which of the following sample types is often used as a substitute for simple random sampling?

A)snowball
B)judgment
C)quota
D)systematic
E)none of these

Question 19

A researcher randomly selected 10 census tracts from a metropolitan area.Within each census tract,30 households were randomly selected.The sampling technique just described would be a ______________.

A)quota sample
B)area cluster
C)stratified random
D)systematic random
E)systematic quota

Question 20

Under what kind of sampling procedure must the researcher adhere closely to precise selection procedures to ensure that the results are projectable to the population under study?

A)nonprobability
B)non-random
C)probability
D)quota
E)none of these

Question 21

Probability samples are more popular in marketing research than nonprobability samples.

Question 22

The size of the population is needed in order to compute a skip interval.

Question 23

In a ___________,data are obtained from or about every member of the population of interest,while in a ______________,information is obtained from or about a part of the population and used to make estimates about various characteristics of the total population.

A)Sample, census
B)Sample, study
C)Census, sample
D)Census, study

Question 24

In marketing research,it is always preferable to take a census rather than a sample of the population under study.

Question 25

Marketing researchers might view a respondent whose family works in marketing as a security threat.

Question 26

Stratified sampling is a type of probability sampling.

Question 27

A shortcoming of Internet surveys relative to other modes of data collection is the need to input the data into a database after it has been collected.

Question 28

Ideal census conditions are seldom available,even when the population is very small.

Question 29

Which of the following is an advantage to internet sampling?

A)respondents complete survey at their convenience
B)data collection is relatively inexpensive
C)the interview can be administered under software control
D)survey can be completed quickly
E)all of these

Question 30

The "bigness" of Big Data can be seductive and lead researchers to not question which of the following?

A)representativeness
B)sample frame
C)purposeful nonrandomness
D)all of these

Question 31

Which of the following is a nonprobability sample in which quotas,based on demographic or classification factors selected by the researcher,are established for population subgroups?

A)Quota sample
B)Convenience sample
C)Stratified sample
D)Systematic sample
E)Snowball samples

Question 32

Simple random sampling is often used as a substitute for systematic sampling.

Question 33

One of the advantages of Internet surveys is that target respondents can complete the survey at their convenience.

Question 34

What is the most important reason for the growing popularity of nonprobability samples?

A)sampling error can be computed
B)representative of population
C)lower cost than probability samples
D)less nonresponse bias than other types of sampling

Question 35

Of the following,which is the most important consideration when choosing a sample?

A)size of the sample
B)size of the population
C)how well the sample represents the population
D)how well the population represents the sample

Question 36

Under the right circumstances and all other things equal,_________ produces the most efficient samples and provides the most precise or reliable estimates for a given sample size.

A)Proportional stratified allocation
B)Disproportional stratified allocation
C)Optimal allocation
D)Disproportional Quota allocation
E)None of these

Question 37

Interviewing costs are dramatically reduced under which of the following sample type?

A)Systematic
B)Simple random
C)Stratified
D)Cluster
E)None of these

Question 38

A judgment sample enables the researcher to make statistical inferences about population values.

Question 39

If a researcher offers beer drinkers an extra incentive to recruit their friends who also drink beer to participate in the study,s/he is using a(n)________sample.

A)cluster
B)systematic
C)stratified
D)snowball
E)none of these

Question 40

Nonprobability samples cost less than probability samples.

Question 41

A researcher is developing a body of knowledge for the development of a formal questionnaire.Part of the process involves conducting four focus groups.Outline an appropriate sampling strategy for generating the focus-group respondents.

Question 42

The key to making accurate predictions about the characteristics or behavior of a large population on the basis of a relatively small sample lies in the way in which individuals are selected for the sample.

Question 43

Simple random samples require a detailed listing of the population of interest.

Question 44

Researchers prefer simple random samples to stratified samples because of their potential for greater statistical efficiency.

Question 45

There are four types of probability sampling methods: simple random sampling,systematic sampling,quota sampling,and cluster sampling.

Question 46

Convenience samples should not be used in marketing research.

Question 47

Developing an appropriate sampling frame is often one of the easiest things that a researcher faces.

Question 48

When and why does sampling error occur? If the sampling error emanates from some type of improper execution of the sampling plan what is it called? Can it be measured? What kind of sampling error can be measured and how can it be reduced?

Question 49

From the standpoint of statistical efficiency,cluster samples are generally less efficient than other types of probability samples.

Question 50

The final step in the sampling process is execution of the operational sampling plan.

Question 51

Increasingly researchers are turning to methodologies that involve blending sample based on interviews collected by different means such as SMS,mail and telephone.

Question 52

Systematic sampling includes a compromise for expediency and has a very small risk of producing a nonrepresentative sample.

Question 53

Multistage area (probability)sampling is used for national surveys or surveys that cover large regional areas.

Question 54

Proportional allocation is also referred to as optimal allocation.

Question 55

A researcher invokes a pilot sample and finds that respondents from households
with less than $50,000 annual income respond very differently than respondents from households with greater than $50,000 annual income,with regard to the key survey questions.In addition,the researcher's preliminary results show greater variance among respondents in the over $50,000 households.Given the preceding,which probability sampling method should the researcher invoke and why?

Question 56

Distinguish between probability and nonprobability samples.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 57

Suppose a marketing researcher was doing a survey of snow skiers residing in South Louisiana,for the specific purpose of estimating the feasibility of offering discounted snow ski rental equipment.The idea was gauge the need,interest and price expectations of these snow skiers as they head to Colorado or some other snow skiing destination.What type of sample would be needed?

Question 58

Characterize the ideal sampling frame.How often is an "ideal" sampling frame available? If an "ideal" sampling frame isn't available,what kind of sample frame is needed?