Deck 13: Social Support

Question 1

Which of the following factors influences the type of social support that an older individual may receive?

A) living with someone
B) being wealthy
C) having a chronic disease
D) being ambulatory

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which model of support sees people as having a dynamic network of close ties with family and friends?

A) task specificity model
B) hierarchical compensatory model
C) functional specificity model
D) convoy model

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Studies on the formal home care system show that people usually turn to which of the following only after the informal system breaks down?

A) the formal system
B) their religious leaders
C) caregiver support
D) community supports

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is stated in the hierarchical compensatory model?

A) different groups offer different types of support
B) formal supports do not play a significant role in the lives of most older people
C) the type of support an older person receives depends on whether or not he/she lives with someone
D) people first choose their supports from close family, and then move outward

Question 5

According to Cranswick and Dosman (2008),who provides the majority of informal support,especially in cases of high-intensity care?

A) women
B) men
C) nurses and doctors
D) grandchildren

Question 6

Studies of older people's use of informal support,such as Penning (1990),have found which of the following?

A) Strong support exists for the task specificity model.
B) Older people tend to use a variety of supports at the same time, and not in a specific hierarchical order.
C) Older people actively manage their support networks to insure coverage and prevent overlap.
D) Friends and neighbours, more than relatives, provide the basic supports for older people.

Question 7

What is the term used to describe the family and close friends who give help to an older person and who can expect help from the older person?

A) an associative infraculture
B) a tesseract
C) a hierarchical compensatory structure
D) a task specificity model of support

Question 8

According to Keefe (2011),how many Canadians aged 65+ use formal home care services?

A) 1 million
B) 1.2 million
C) 1.5 million
D) 1.75 million

Question 9

What is "social support?"

A) a financial method by which a person is able to survive
B) a network of colleagues who advise us on various life matters
C) the help and assistance we give to and receive from others
D) a group of individuals who are experienced in providing community assistance

Question 10

What can buffer stress from life events like widowhood or illness?

A) good health
B) informal supports
C) psychological counselling
D) new social roles

Question 11

According to Keefe (2011),what estimated percentage of support to older Canadians is actually given to them by an informal support network?

A) 40-50%
B) 50-60%
C) 60-70%
D) 70-80%

Question 12

According to the hierarchical compensatory model of informal support,to whom does a married older person turn to first for assistance?

A) a social worker
B) a spouse
C) a child
D) a friend

Question 13

Which of the following statements can be made about high users of formal services?

A) They have little need for informal support.
B) They have low life satisfaction.
C) They actually have the least need for the services.
D) They still rely on their informal care network.

Question 14

What phrase does the text use to describe the life of a spouse of an Alzheimer patient?

A) as living on a rollercoaster
B) as living in limbo
C) as living in terror
D) as living in chaos

Question 15

The task specificity,the hierarchical compensatory models,the functional specificity,and the convoy models demonstrate which of the following?

A) organization patterns of long-term care facilities
B) levels of functional competence
C) how people use informal supports
D) rehabilitation objectives following accidents

Question 16

Researchers have concluded that the emphasis on family and community care can place a heavy burden on which of the following?

A) informal caregivers
B) formal caregivers
C) elderly men
D) elderly women

Question 17

Which of the following individuals provides a formal support in the community?

A) a doctor
B) a janitor
C) a banker
D) a lawyer

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an informal support?

A) a trip to the doctor's office
B) a visit from one's neighbour
C) a home visit from a foot care professional
D) a trip to the social worker's office

Question 19

Which model of support recognizes that "one tie may provide one type of support for a broad range of support dependent on how the relationship has been negotiated over the life course"?

A) the task specificity model
B) the convoy model
C) the functional specificity of relationships model
D) the hierarchical compensatory model

Question 20

Formal care tends to increase with which of the following?

A) income
B) educational level
C) age
D) level of health

Question 21

According to Moremen (2008),who do older women state are their closest confidants?

A) their daughters
B) their friends
C) their sons
D) their husbands

Question 22

According to the 2007 Canadian General Social Survey,what percentage of friends and neighbours accounted for the caregiving tasks for seniors?

A) 7%
B) 13%
C) 19%
D) 24%

Question 23

Which of the following situations would a Rosemary,an older woman,avoid sharing about with her closest confidant,Carol?

A) physical health concerns
B) financial issues
C) diet and exercise advice
D) personal care tasks

Question 24

Compared to people with children,how do childless older people feel about their financial benefits,personal freedom,and career flexibility,according to Connidis (2010)?

A) They are less satisfied.
B) They are more satisfied.
C) They feel more in control.
D) They are less concerned.

Question 25

What do friends,siblings,and pets exemplify for older people?

A) formal support
B) informal support
C) responsibilities
D) problems

Question 26

Which of the following influences an adult child's level of involvement with his/her older parent?

A) the adult child's financial status
B) the adult child's age
C) the adult child's employment status
D) the adult child's marital status

Question 27

According to Williams (2005),when compared with working sons,how much time do working daughters spend in providing care to an older parent?

A) almost twice as much time
B) almost four times as much time
C) almost seven times as much time
D) almost ten times as much time

Question 28

Which of the following groups does Keefe (2011)identify as personal caregivers?

A) middle-aged men
B) nurses
C) middle-aged women
D) grandchildren

Question 29

Keefe and colleagues (2008)propose that government programs provide multiple measures of compensation and support for caregivers.These include which of the following?

A) financial payment and workplace support
B) financial payment and home help services
C) workplace support and formal services
D) financial and workplace support, and informal services

Question 30

Studies show that older people often rely on friends their own age for which of the following?

A) care in old age
B) financial support
C) a satisfying social and emotional support network
D) healthcare

Question 31

Which of the following conditions,according to the text,can a person deal with better if he/she has a pet?

A) diabetes
B) stress
C) cognitive problems
D) social interaction

Question 32

Which of the following does an older,unmarried woman have,as opposed to an older,married woman?

A) more male friends
B) more health issues
C) more free time
D) more wealth

Question 33

According to Plotnick (2009),what percentage of wealth do older,unmarried,childless women have over their older,unmarried mother counterparts?

A) 17%
B) 24%
C) 29%
D) 33%

Question 34

Why do childless older people report as much life satisfaction as older people with children?

A) They have better health and fewer chronic illnesses.
B) They are more financially secure.
C) They create a network of supportive friends.
D) They have more freedom and fewer obligations.

Question 35

Older people get more enjoyment out of visits with which of the following groups of people?

A) friends than with family, in part because they tend to have more in common with them
B) family than with friends, mainly because they have deeper ties that lead to feelings of security and love
C) social workers than with family, because they will listen to the older person's problems and give them attention
D) family than with friends, because their visits produce feelings of generativity

Question 36

Which group provides much of the support needed by older people?

A) their children
B) physicians and nurses
C) siblings
D) neighbours

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of a government support given as a financial support to caregivers in Canada?

A) the aging Canadian rebate
B) the caregiver benefit
C) the compassionate care benefit
D) the Canadian caregiver benefit

Question 38

Georgia like to sit on the sofa at night and watch the news.Her faithful dog,Scruffy,likes to sit with her.What chemical is released,reducing anxiety and stimulating well-being,when Georgia strokes Scruffy's fur?

A) oxytocin
B) progesterone
C) estrogen
D) cortisol

Question 39

Fay is 73 years old,and she has 3 other older siblings.According to Spitze and Trent (2006),what percentage of older adults has at least one living brother or sister?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 40

Which of the following provinces or territories currently provides financial support to caregivers of older family members?

A) Nova Scotia
B) Alberta
C) Yukon Territory
D) Newfoundland

Question 41

According to Calasanti and Bowen (2006),what percentage of men are spousal caregivers?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 42

Which of the following describes caregivers who can identify some positive feelings about providing support?

A) They have lower rates of depression.
B) They are paid better.
C) They live longer.
D) They have more fun.

Question 43

Which of the following provide the majority of care to older men?

A) men
B) women
C) spouses
D) nurses

Question 44

Ross et al.(1997)found that what percentage of wives visited their husbands at least several times a week?

A) more than 10%
B) more than 50%
C) more than 80%
D) more than 90%

Question 45

According to Caron and colleagues (2006),what is the average length of time from the point of decision to institutionalization?

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 18 months
D) 2 years

Question 46

What is experienced by wives who place their husbands in nursing homes or institutions?

A) depression
B) quasi-widowhood
C) confusion
D) happiness

Question 47

Most studies report that giving care to a physically or cognitively impaired older person can lead to what type of feelings for the caregiver?

A) suicide
B) remorse
C) caregiver burden
D) happiness

Question 48

According to Calasanti and Bowen (2006),what did both husbands and wives do in terms of their household and domestic caregiving tasks?

A) felt more depressed with
B) felt dissatisfied with
C) crossed gendered boundaries in
D) received praise and recognition for

Question 49

Which of the following solutions can help to ease the caregiver burden experienced by a spouse?

A) get more formal support
B) get more informal support
C) show a positive appraisal of their spouse and marriage
D) have health problems themselves.

Question 50

Which of the following refers to problems and stress due to caregiving?

A) informal supports
B) quasi-widowhood
C) functional specificity
D) caregiver burden

Question 51

Studies report that about what percentage of spousal caregivers are men?

A) 33%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 75%

Question 52

Research indicates that seventy-five percent of caregivers belong to which of the following age groups?

A) 35-55
B) 40-63
C) 45-64
D) 50-65

Question 53

According to the 2007 General Social Survey,what percentage of caregivers who were responsible for a senior with a long-term health problem were women?

A) 16%
B) 29%
C) 44%
D) 57%

Question 54

According to Keefe (2009),how do the majority of adult children who are long-distance caregivers feel about their role?

A) relieved
B) guilty
C) satisfied
D) tense

Question 55

Which of the following methods can be useful to a caregiver who wants to learn more about his/her care receiver's condition?

A) television shows and DVDs
B) the Internet
C) friends
D) books and medical dictionaries

Question 56

Once a family member has been institutionalized,how does the primary caregiver's role seem to change?

A) The primary caregiver now becomes an emotional support.
B) The primary caregiver is relieved of his/her duties altogether.
C) The primary caregiver now becomes the physical support.
D) The primary caregiver can now seek care for him-/herself.

Question 57

Other than dogs,what animals can be used as an effective part of an animal-assisted therapy in a long-term care home?

A) ferrets
B) pot-belly pigs
C) rabbits
D) gerbils

Question 58

Research suggests that which group of caregivers suffer a greater burden than caregiving adult children?

A) spouses
B) friends
C) adult grandchildren
D) doctors

Question 59

Bertha takes on her caregiving responsibilities to her husband,Roger.She prepares his meals,bathes him,and invites Roger's former work colleagues over for frequent visits or chess games.Bertha performs several jobs that were once her husband's tasks,such as cutting the lawn.How does Calasanti describe this type of caregiving responsibility for Bertha?

A) as emotion work
B) as strenuous work
C) as unpleasant work
D) as routine work

Question 60

In a 2006 study by Russell,many men felt that "the locus of care work,the home,represented a location in which they became as invisible as the work they performed." What type of emotion did this situation bring about in many men?

A) an increased sense of social isolation
B) an increased sense of frustration
C) a decreased sense of self
D) a decreased sense of autonomy

Question 61

What is projected to happen to the amount of informal support older people will get in the future?

A) It will increase.
B) It will decrease.
C) It will remain relatively stable.
D) It will fluctuate from decade to decade.

Question 62

One theory holds that which of the following leads to elder abuse?

A) emotional problems
B) caregiver stress
C) financial problems
D) alcohol

Question 63

Which of the following statements reflects the reality of older people and abuse in Canada?

A) Men who are neglected report poor health.
B) Most cases of abuse are related to physical violence.
C) Percentages of abuse are probably underestimated.
D) Women report more financial abuse than men.

Question 64

In which situation does family counselling ease the burden of caregiving work best?

A) when the care receiver is not present at the sessions
B) when there are no conflicts between family members
C) when it considers the entire family system
D) when the older person's disability level is relatively low

Question 65

According to Stratton and Moore (2007),when compared with older women,which type of abuse do older men run a higher risk of experiencing?

A) financial abuse
B) abandonment
C) neglect
D) verbal abuse

Question 66

What form of abuse was reported by about 4% of seniors in Fisher and Regan's (2006)American study of abuse of older women?

A) material abuse
B) social deprivation
C) physical violence
D) denial of access to grandchildren

Question 67

In the future,families will serve as only one of many resources available to support seniors.What is expected to happen to demands for support in the future?

A) They will increase.
B) They will decrease.
C) They will remain stable.
D) They will slowly decline.

Question 68

Which of the following is the likely scenario for people who report chronic verbal abuse and physical violence?

A) They were generally people with low morale and a dependence on others for help.
B) They always had incomes at or below the poverty line.
C) They said that most of the abuse came from their spouse.
D) They also reported frequent victimization by gangs.

Question 69

Practitioners and policymakers must move to which type of approach to caregiving?

A) more institution-oriented
B) more government-oriented
C) more community-oriented
D) more education-oriented

Question 70

Rosenthal (1994)believes that which of the following should play the central role in social support?

A) formal support
B) informal support
C) the government
D) the police

Question 71

Which of the following is an example of a method proposed by researchers to ease caregiver burden?

A) empowerment
B) family support
C) job flexibility and respite care
D) social policies and services

Question 72

Podnieks et al.(1990)found that some groups of elderly are at a higher risk for some types of abuse than others.For example,material abuse tended to be reported among people in which of the following groups?

A) those who live isolated lives and have poor health
B) those who belong to ethnic minorities that lack cultural prescriptions for old age
C) those who are married and have incomes below the poverty level
D) those who live in large institutions or urban centres

Question 73

What has been shown in research on the effectiveness of intervention methods for caregivers?

A) an increase in caregiver anxiety and guilt
B) they do not completely do away with feelings of burden
C) no effect on caregiver burden
D) strong positive effects

Question 74

What is the term for regulations and guidelines on how to deal with abuse against older persons?

A) abuse issues
B) abuse research
C) abuse policies
D) legal actions

Question 75

According to Podnieks and colleagues (1990),and Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007),female victims of abuse outnumber male victims of abuse by what ratio?

A) 5 to 1
B) 4 to 1
C) 3 to 1
D) 2 to 1

Question 76

According to a study by Beaulieu and colleagues (1999),40% of domestic violence cases between couples had been continuing for how many years?

A) 25 years
B) 20 years
C) 15 years
D) 10 years

Question 77

Family counselling,support groups,and respite services are all examples of which of the following?

A) eldercare programs
B) informal supports
C) ways to ease caregiver burden
D) home care

Question 78

Research has shown that most elder abuse comes from which of the following?

A) professional caregivers
B) neighbours
C) family members
D) youths

Question 79

What is the main characteristic of semiformal structures?

A) a voluntary support structure of the family
B) a semi-professionalized structure of the health and social service system
C) reliance on bonds of reciprocity and of mutual benefit
D) based on formal bonds of kinship

Question 80

Which of the following Canadian provinces has a law regarding the reporting of elder mistreatment/abuse in institutional environments?

A) Saskatchewan
B) Alberta
C) Ontario
D) British Columbia