Deck 11: Enhancing Union-Management Relations

Question 1

Compare and contrast the membership of a craft union and of an industrial union.

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Crain's United, Inc. (CUI)
Joe and his father, Paul, have worked as crane operators for Crain's United for the past sixteen years. Joe and his dad belong to the same trade union, and they've noticed how things have changed over the years―especially the declining membership in the union.
Paul has seen many changes over the years in union-management relationships and the increasing role that government plays through legislation. Paul often tells stories about how aspects of working life have evolved from what they used to be when he first joined the union. Poor working conditions, the absence of a minimum wage, and the lack of employer-provided security are now mostly things of the past. Paul hopes, for the sake of the worker, that the situation continues to improve. Every time Joe hears about Paul's experiences, he is comforted that his active involvement in the union is not in vain and that his struggle for workers' rights will have beneficial results.
Refer to Crain's United, Inc. As Paul discusses union developments over the years, he might identify the ____ as the first major piece of legislation to secure rights for unions.

A) Norris-LaGuardia Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Fair Labor Standards Act
D) Labor-Management Relations Act
E) Landrum-Griffin Act

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Crain's United, Inc. (CUI)
Joe and his father, Paul, have worked as crane operators for Crain's United for the past sixteen years. Joe and his dad belong to the same trade union, and they've noticed how things have changed over the years―especially the declining membership in the union.
Paul has seen many changes over the years in union-management relationships and the increasing role that government plays through legislation. Paul often tells stories about how aspects of working life have evolved from what they used to be when he first joined the union. Poor working conditions, the absence of a minimum wage, and the lack of employer-provided security are now mostly things of the past. Paul hopes, for the sake of the worker, that the situation continues to improve. Every time Joe hears about Paul's experiences, he is comforted that his active involvement in the union is not in vain and that his struggle for workers' rights will have beneficial results.
Refer to Crain's United, Inc. Through which act did the federal government initiate the minimum wage standard?

A) Norris-LaGuardia Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Fair Labor Standards Act
D) Labor-Management Relations Act
E) Landrum-Griffin Act

Answer 3

C

Question 4

There are boycotts, primary boycotts, and secondary boycotts. Explain each one fully, indicating which are legal (if any) and which are illegal (if any).

Question 5

Trace the development of labor unions in the United States since the mid-1800s.

Question 6

If violations of the law occur during a union organizing campaign, what actions can the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) take?

Question 7

How did the positions of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) differ with regard to using strikes?

Question 8

Crain's United, Inc. (CUI)
Joe and his father, Paul, have worked as crane operators for Crain's United for the past sixteen years. Joe and his dad belong to the same trade union, and they've noticed how things have changed over the years―especially the declining membership in the union.
Paul has seen many changes over the years in union-management relationships and the increasing role that government plays through legislation. Paul often tells stories about how aspects of working life have evolved from what they used to be when he first joined the union. Poor working conditions, the absence of a minimum wage, and the lack of employer-provided security are now mostly things of the past. Paul hopes, for the sake of the worker, that the situation continues to improve. Every time Joe hears about Paul's experiences, he is comforted that his active involvement in the union is not in vain and that his struggle for workers' rights will have beneficial results.
Refer to Crain's United, Inc. Joe knows that he can contact the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) if he has any complaints about unfair working conditions. Which act established the NLRB?

A) Taft-Hartley Act
B) Labor Management Relations Act
C) Wagner Act
D) Landrum-Griffin Act
E) Sherman Act

Question 9

From which two sources does a union get its power to negotiate effectively with the management of a business?

Question 10

Identify and describe the major steps involved in forming a union.

Question 11

How does a work slowdown differ from a wildcat strike?

Question 12

How does a closed shop differ from a union shop? How does an agency shop differ from a maintenance shop? Are any of these arrangements illegal under the Taft-Hartley Act?

Question 13

What is the purpose of picketing by striking workers?

Question 14

Crain's United, Inc. (CUI)
Joe and his father, Paul, have worked as crane operators for Crain's United for the past sixteen years. Joe and his dad belong to the same trade union, and they've noticed how things have changed over the years―especially the declining membership in the union.
Paul has seen many changes over the years in union-management relationships and the increasing role that government plays through legislation. Paul often tells stories about how aspects of working life have evolved from what they used to be when he first joined the union. Poor working conditions, the absence of a minimum wage, and the lack of employer-provided security are now mostly things of the past. Paul hopes, for the sake of the worker, that the situation continues to improve. Every time Joe hears about Paul's experiences, he is comforted that his active involvement in the union is not in vain and that his struggle for workers' rights will have beneficial results.
Refer to Crain's United, Inc. The declining membership in the union, a trend that Joe and Paul worry about, could have been caused by all of the following except

A) manufacturing operations moving to other countries.
B) firms moving to less unionized areas.
C) growth in service industries.
D) workers not getting the benefits they need.
E) the growth of high-tech industries.

Question 15

Crain's United, Inc. (CUI)
Joe and his father, Paul, have worked as crane operators for Crain's United for the past sixteen years. Joe and his dad belong to the same trade union, and they've noticed how things have changed over the years―especially the declining membership in the union.
Paul has seen many changes over the years in union-management relationships and the increasing role that government plays through legislation. Paul often tells stories about how aspects of working life have evolved from what they used to be when he first joined the union. Poor working conditions, the absence of a minimum wage, and the lack of employer-provided security are now mostly things of the past. Paul hopes, for the sake of the worker, that the situation continues to improve. Every time Joe hears about Paul's experiences, he is comforted that his active involvement in the union is not in vain and that his struggle for workers' rights will have beneficial results.
Refer to Crain's United, Inc. To foster a long-range strategic partnership, Joe's union should consider which of the following actions?

A) Collective bargaining
B) Ratification
C) Filing grievances
D) Allowing workers to work without management supervision
E) Engaging in joint decision making

Question 16

What were the major provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act that affected many poorly paid workers? How did this act affect very young children working in factories?

Question 17

What is a union-management partnership, and what are its benefits?

Question 18

After the initial union contract is developed by the negotiating teams for the union and for management, what happens to the proposed contract?

Question 19

Discuss the purpose of authorization cards used during a union organizing campaign. Who would sign them? Whom or what do they authorize?

Question 20

During union-management contract negotiations, what issues do the unions tend to emphasize and what issues do the managers tend to emphasize?

Question 21

A(n) ____ is an organization of workers acting together to negotiate their wages and working conditions with employers.

A) labor union
B) union shop
C) grievance committee
D) agency shop
E) maintenance shop

Question 22

The Knights of Labor is most closely associated with

A) the goal to eliminate unions.
B) the use of the strike weapon.
C) the goal of strongly supporting mass-production technology because of its positive effect on workers.
D) the goal to overthrow capitalism for a better system, that is, communism.
E) attempting both social and moral reform among employees.

Question 23

A written agreement setting forth issues between labor and management is called a

A) labor union.
B) labor contract.
C) jurisdiction.
D) bargaining agreement.
E) ratification.

Question 24

The industrial union was formed because of the

A) growing number of skilled workers in industry.
B) need to organize unskilled and semiskilled workers.
C) need to keep unskilled organized unions separate from skilled organized unions.
D) competition from other countries.
E) need to protect the rights of skilled workers.

Question 25

To increase its bargaining power and add force to its demands, a union may engage in a temporary work stoppage or

A) picketing.
B) strike.
C) boycott.
D) a lockout.
E) collective bargaining.

Question 26

New Union
Evan has been greatly concerned about the union he belongs to. He has been so fed up with the empty promises and the lack of accomplishments that he is seriously considering starting a new union. High on Evan's agenda is determining the reasons why anyone should join his union out of all the others. Another big issue is creating a list of worker needs that his union would fight for. Yet another is developing contracts for his members that cover as many aspects as possible so that the likelihood of future disputes is minimized.
Evan is debating whether he should set up an industry-based union or a company-specific shop, which all employees must join before working at that company. Evan also wants to fine-tune the grievance procedure because he knows, sooner or later, that he will need to go through it.
Refer to New Union. In considering the type of shop to set up, Evan must know that the ____ shop was outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act.

A) open
B) temporary
C) union
D) closed
E) agency

Question 27

New Union
Evan has been greatly concerned about the union he belongs to. He has been so fed up with the empty promises and the lack of accomplishments that he is seriously considering starting a new union. High on Evan's agenda is determining the reasons why anyone should join his union out of all the others. Another big issue is creating a list of worker needs that his union would fight for. Yet another is developing contracts for his members that cover as many aspects as possible so that the likelihood of future disputes is minimized.
Evan is debating whether he should set up an industry-based union or a company-specific shop, which all employees must join before working at that company. Evan also wants to fine-tune the grievance procedure because he knows, sooner or later, that he will need to go through it.
Refer to New Union. In developing union-management contracts for his members, Evan should ensure that all of the following are covered in the contract except

A) forms of pay.
B) pay determinants.
C) member relations.
D) magnitude of pay.
E) seniority.

Question 28

New Union
Evan has been greatly concerned about the union he belongs to. He has been so fed up with the empty promises and the lack of accomplishments that he is seriously considering starting a new union. High on Evan's agenda is determining the reasons why anyone should join his union out of all the others. Another big issue is creating a list of worker needs that his union would fight for. Yet another is developing contracts for his members that cover as many aspects as possible so that the likelihood of future disputes is minimized.
Evan is debating whether he should set up an industry-based union or a company-specific shop, which all employees must join before working at that company. Evan also wants to fine-tune the grievance procedure because he knows, sooner or later, that he will need to go through it.
Refer to New Union. Evan needs to know that all of the following are steps in forming a union except

A) signing authorization cards.
B) certification of the election.
C) a formal election.
D) campaigning.
E) finding a sponsor company.

Question 29

Perhaps the major accomplishment of the Industrial Workers of the World was to

A) play a major role in politics.
B) make the AFL seem less threatening.
C) keep labor unions from growing.
D) prevent the use of strikes.
E) demand a reduced workday.

Question 30

The first known strike in the United States involved a group of Philadelphia ____, who stopped working because of demands for higher wages.

A) textile workers
B) teamsters
C) coal miners
D) printers
E) railroad workers

Question 31

New Union
Evan has been greatly concerned about the union he belongs to. He has been so fed up with the empty promises and the lack of accomplishments that he is seriously considering starting a new union. High on Evan's agenda is determining the reasons why anyone should join his union out of all the others. Another big issue is creating a list of worker needs that his union would fight for. Yet another is developing contracts for his members that cover as many aspects as possible so that the likelihood of future disputes is minimized.
Evan is debating whether he should set up an industry-based union or a company-specific shop, which all employees must join before working at that company. Evan also wants to fine-tune the grievance procedure because he knows, sooner or later, that he will need to go through it.
Refer to New Union. When fine-tuning the steps of the grievance procedure, Evan must be careful to leave in which of the following steps?

A) Permanent grievance
B) Finding a mediator
C) Broader discussion
D) Virtual discussion
E) LRB forms

Question 32

New Union
Evan has been greatly concerned about the union he belongs to. He has been so fed up with the empty promises and the lack of accomplishments that he is seriously considering starting a new union. High on Evan's agenda is determining the reasons why anyone should join his union out of all the others. Another big issue is creating a list of worker needs that his union would fight for. Yet another is developing contracts for his members that cover as many aspects as possible so that the likelihood of future disputes is minimized.
Evan is debating whether he should set up an industry-based union or a company-specific shop, which all employees must join before working at that company. Evan also wants to fine-tune the grievance procedure because he knows, sooner or later, that he will need to go through it.
Refer to New Union. In his research, Evan found that people join unions for various reasons. Which of the following is a primary reason for joining unions?

A) Perception of increased job security
B) Picketing
C) Creating a strike fund
D) Striking
E) Mediation

Question 33

A major difference between the Knights of Labor and the AFL was that the

A) Knights of Labor sought to work within the system rather than change it.
B) AFL believed striking was an effective labor weapon.
C) AFL chose to concentrate on moral as well as social reform.
D) Knights of Labor sought the overthrow of capitalism.
E) Knights of Labor required high annual dues of its membership.

Question 34

The dealings between labor unions and business management in and beyond the bargaining process are known as

A) collective bargaining.
B) labor relations.
C) arbitration.
D) ratification.
E) mediation.

Question 35

The goal of the Industrial Workers of the World was to

A) eliminate depersonalization of workers.
B) improve the moral standards of labor and business.
C) improve its members' living standards.
D) overthrow capitalism.
E) take over the steel industry.

Question 36

The first president of the American Federation of Labor was

A) Uriah Stephens.
B) George Meany.
C) Samuel Gompers.
D) John L. Lewis.
E) Jimmy Hoffa.

Question 37

The spirit of cooperation kept a Chrysler plant operating and led to a hefty increase in productivity. This cooperative spirit probably arose from the appointment of Douglas Fraser, president of the UAW, to Chrysler's board of directors in 1980. Such a step signaled a move from hostile to more constructive

A) labor unions.
B) labor and management goals.
C) union-management relations.
D) rights administration.
E) work procedures.

Question 38

Printers commonly belong to which of the following types of unions?

A) Industrial union
B) Closed shop
C) Union shop
D) Craft union
E) Agency shop

Question 39

If Samuel Gompers were here today and invited to give the commencement address to students at your university or college, his speech would probably include the following statement:

A) "I believe the goals of the union should be those of its leaders rather than those of its members."
B) "The CIO has primarily sought to change the existing business system, just as some of the earlier unions did."
C) "If the union is to survive, capitalism must be overthrown."
D) "Without the ability to strike, union members would have no leverage in making their demands of employers."
E) "The IWW was the model union for the AFL."

Question 40

When the National Basketball Association players were not able to negotiate a suitable contract, they stopped playing until an agreement could be reached. This is an example of a(n)

A) embargo.
B) strike.
C) boycott.
D) collective bargaining.
E) walkout.

Question 41

Since World War II, perhaps the most significant event in labor history has been

A) the merger of the AFL and CIO.
B) a downturn in union membership.
C) strikes, which caused public opinion to shift against unions.
D) the emergence of new negotiating tactics.
E) the merger of the IWW and AFL.

Question 42

Suppose you are an over-the-road truck driver who wants to learn how to help other drivers at your company organize a union. You would most likely contact the

A) United Auto Workers.
B) Teamsters.
C) Knights of Labor.
D) American Federation of Labor (AFL).
E) Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).

Question 43

Organizations of both skilled and unskilled workers in the same industry have formed

A) industrial unions.
B) closed shops.
C) craft unions.
D) union crafts.
E) arbitrators.

Question 44

A union-management partnership that focuses on helping a company set up a training program for its employees is an example of a ____ partnership.

A) long-range strategic
B) short-term operational
C) limited
D) contractual
E) developmental

Question 45

Which of the following is a benefit for unions that results from union-management partnerships?

A) Improved product quality
B) Increased membership
C) Increased response to their needs
D) Greater customer satisfaction
E) More decision-making opportunities

Question 46

If the labor contract with production employees at Ford Motor Company was due to expire soon, management at Ford would have to renegotiate the contract with which union?

A) Teamsters
B) AFL-CIO
C) UAW
D) Alliance for Labor Action
E) IWW

Question 47

All of the following have been given as possible reasons for a gradual decline in union membership except that

A) firms moving to the Sunbelt tend to hire nonunion workers.
B) federal laws makes union membership difficult.
C) heavily unionized industries have not been growing as rapidly as nonunion industries.
D) the largest growth seems to be in nonunion service industries.
E) workers do not share the need to unionize because management satisfies their needs better today.

Question 48

Which of the following is a benefit for management that results from union-management partnerships?

A) More decision-making opportunities
B) More responsibility
C) More credibility
D) Lower costs
E) Less supervision

Question 49

If the AFL-CIO were to set up a long-range strategic partnership with a company, which of the following could be included in the agreement?

A) Less employee involvement
B) Decreased worker accountability
C) Decreased worker responsibility and thus less stress
D) Increased costs
E) Increased worker participation in decision making

Question 50

A group of carpenters who are members of the AFL-CIO join with their company's management for the purpose of redesigning the job duties of a certain class of carpenter. This collaboration is best described as a(n)

A) long-range strategic partnership.
B) union-management relationship.
C) round table discussion.
D) limited partnership.
E) collective-bargaining agreement.

Question 51

The truth about unions today is that they

A) are not nearly as prominent and thus not as powerful as they were in the 1950s.
B) are more powerful today than they were in the 1950s.
C) are used less today because they have proved to be ineffective.
D) have grown in size, giving them more money to pay their employees, but they have not increased their effectiveness in helping their members.
E) will remain a powerful force in particular industries, regardless of their loss of prominence.

Question 52

Around 1940, the AFL began to argue with the CIO over who

A) was bigger and more powerful.
B) represented unskilled workers and who represented skilled workers.
C) should cease to exist because they were redundant.
D) had the right to represent particular groups of employees.
E) was more effective at winning benefits for its employees through the use of strikes.

Question 53

One of the biggest differences between unions of the 1950s and unions of today is

A) the us-versus-them mentality of unions of the 1950s does not stand out today.
B) the mentality of unions that they can work as partners with employers to achieve the best results because all that was prominent in the 1950s does not exist today.
C) unions of the 1950s mainly represented workers with respect to wages and working conditions, which is not the case today.
D) whereas unions mainly looked out for their own interests in the 1950s, they look out for the interests of their members more so today.
E) whereas unions mainly looked out for the interests of their members in the 1950s, they look out for their own interests more so today.

Question 54

The first president of the AFL-CIO was

A) Uriah Stephens.
B) John L. Lewis.
C) Samuel Gompers.
D) Jimmy Hoffa.
E) George Meany.

Question 55

The AFL-CIO may represent all of the following occupations except

A) actors, painters, and barbers.
B) carpenters, painters, and construction workers.
C) teachers, postal workers, and retail clerks.
D) ministers, rabbis, priests, and managers.
E) firefighters, bricklayers, and newspaper reporters.

Question 56

Over the last thirty years, union membership has

A) decreased with the trend of decreasing employee benefits.
B) increased as unions have spread to the service sector.
C) decreased with the growth of high-tech and service industries.
D) increased with the trend of increasing employee benefits.
E) remained at a fairly constant level.

Question 57

Unions derive their negotiating power from two sources: laws that guarantee and regulate negotiations and

A) lobbyists on Capitol Hill.
B) strong union leadership.
C) financial gifts from supporters.
D) the number of union members.
E) public support of higher wages.

Question 58

Which of the following is a benefit for workers that results from union-management partnerships?

A) Increased revenue
B) Greater customer satisfaction
C) Increased job security
D) More strength
E) Increased membership

Question 59

Over the past decade, R.J. Reynolds, a subsidiary of RJR Nabisco, has been establishing more production facilities overseas. In terms of labor, the advantage of this strategy is that

A) foreign unions are less demanding in contract negotiations.
B) foreign unions rarely go on strike.
C) labor unions are illegal in most foreign countries.
D) in most foreign countries, unions are highly regulated by the government.
E) labor is less unionized in foreign countries.

Question 60

The overriding theme in strategic union-management partnerships is that

A) they focus on cooperative relationships, working together, and joint decision making.
B) they benefit the unions more than the members they represent.
C) the unions become a weaker part of the decision-making process because their members, employees of the companies, are given more empowerment in the process.
D) they are concerned more about arguing over contractual rights than working toward mutual gain.
E) unions and management argue on a broad array of issues, such as performance expectations and organizational structure, and they most often disagree because they have different sets of goals in mind.

Question 61

The act that established the National Labor Relations Board was the

A) Norris-LaGuardia Act.
B) Taft-Hartley Act.
C) Wagner Act.
D) Landrum Griffin Act.
E) Hale-Aiken Act.

Question 62

Bribe, Inc., could not tolerate the thought of living with a union. It did not want to threaten employees with losing their jobs if they voted to be represented by a union, nor did it want to spy on union activities. Thus, it chose to pay employees to vote against the union. The payment was disguised as a loyalty bonus. One employee thought her rights had been violated by the company's actions, so she filed a complaint with the

A) FTC, claiming a violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act.
B) EEOC, claiming a violation of the Civil Rights Act, Title VII.
C) NLRB, claiming a violation of the National Labor Relations Act.
D) NLRB, claiming a violation of the Labor-Management Relations Act.
E) EEOC, claiming a violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Question 63

Suppose a Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream employee was being paid less than minimum wage for making and selling milk shakes and ice cream cones. To substantiate his claim of the minimum wage, he would refer management to the

A) Labor-Management Relations Act.
B) Landrum-Griffin Act.
C) Presidential Minimum Wage Commission.
D) Fair Labor Standards Act.
E) Norris-LaGuardia Act.

Question 64

Beth feels her job at the lock factory is repetitive and dull and that she is simply a small and insignificant part of a large machine. Because of this situation, Beth decides to join the union at work. Her reason for joining the union is

A) to combat her feelings of alienation.
B) because her mother believed strongly in the union.
C) because her friends pressured her to do so.
D) to increase her job security.
E) because she must join to keep her job.

Question 65

The act that made it difficult for businesses to obtain court orders banning strikes, picketing, or union membership drives was the ____ Act.

A) Norris-LaGuardia
B) National Labor Relations
C) Wagner
D) Labor-Management Relations
E) Mann

Question 66

The law designed to regulate the internal functioning of labor unions is known as the ____ Act.

A) Taft-Hartley
B) Landrum-Griffin
C) Norris-LaGuardia
D) Wagner
E) National Labor Relations

Question 67

The National Labor Relations Act forbids certain unfair labor practices on the part of ____, and the Labor Management Relations Act forbids unfair labor practices on the part of ____.

A) unions; management
B) union workers; nonunion workers
C) strikers; strikebreakers
D) management; unions
E) industrial unions; craft unions

Question 68

Which of the following acts included a provision to permit the federal government to set a minimum wage?

A) Norris-LaGuardia Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Fair Labor Standards Act
D) Labor-Management Relations Act
E) Landrum-Griffin Act

Question 69

The first major piece of legislation forbidding certain unfair labor practices on the part of management was the ____ Act.

A) Norris-LaGuardia
B) National Labor Relations
C) Landrum-Griffin
D) Taft-Hartley
E) Wagner

Question 70

The act that made injunctions against workers difficult for businesses to obtain was known as the ____ Act.

A) Norris-LaGuardia
B) Wagner
C) Taft-Hartley
D) Landrum-Griffin
E) Fair Labor Standards

Question 71

For the past three years, Juan has worked on the line at a large tool manufacturing plant. His job is to arrange the tools in a holding tray and send them through the chrome bath to be plated. Juan has little contact with other workers and often finds his job to be tedious and dull. When he hears a union organizer is visiting the plant, he is one of the first in line to show support for the formation of a union. Juan's reason for wanting to join a union is to

A) combat alienation.
B) increase job security.
C) correct perceived deficiencies.
D) keep his job.
E) reinforce his family's support for the union.

Question 72

Marquis testified against his company last year during an unfair labor practice hearing. Since then he has had nothing but trouble. He believes management is after him because he is a leading union supporter. He confided in you, hoping you could suggest where to get relief. As a neutral party who knows a few things about employee rights, you suggested submitting a complaint to the

A) NLRB.
B) FTC.
C) EEOC.
D) Department of Labor.
E) Federal Arbitration Board.

Question 73

The Taft-Hartley Act is also known as the ____ Act.

A) Wagner
B) National Labor Relations
C) Norris-LaGuardia
D) Landrum-Griffin
E) Labor-Management Relations

Question 74

The Fair Labor Standards Act provides for all of the following except

A) prohibition of child labor.
B) overtime rates for work weeks in excess of forty hours.
C) minimum-wage rate.
D) minimum-wage exemption for farm workers.
E) right-to-work laws.

Question 75

All of the following are contained or provided for by the Taft-Hartley Act except

A) a list of unfair labor practices.
B) more rights for management during union organizing campaigns.
C) safeguards for union funds.
D) more power for the president of the United States to prevent or stop a strike.
E) a balance of power between unions and management.

Question 76

The act that lists unfair labor practices that unions are forbidden to use is the ____ Act.

A) Taft-Hartley
B) Wagner
C) Landrum-Griffin
D) National Labor Relations
E) Norris-LaGuardia

Question 77

A court order requiring a person or group to perform some act or to stop performing some act is known as a(n)

A) subpoena.
B) grievance.
C) writ.
D) injunction.
E) deposition.

Question 78

The Landrum-Griffin Act includes all of the following provisions except

A) disallowing excessive union dues.
B) requiring unions to file annual reports with the U.S. Department of Labor.
C) ensuring the right of each union member to seek, nominate someone for, and vote for each elected union position.
D) providing safeguards for union funds.
E) requiring management and unions to report the lending of management funds to union officers or members and local unions.

Question 79

The industrial relations director for Magna Corporation was disturbed to discover that, during negotiations, the union was planning an unauthorized strike. To stop this course of action, management obtained a(n)

A) letter of intention.
B) injunction.
C) strike consultant.
D) no-strike clause in the new contract.
E) confidential file of the union's past.

Question 80

When Arthur heard about two line workers in another department being fired after a disagreement with their manager, he decided it was time to join the union: "I have a family to feed, and I can't risk losing my job because some manager has a bad day." Arthur's reason for joining a union is to

A) combat alienation.
B) increase job security.
C) correct perceived deficiencies.
D) increase his salary.
E) reinforce his family's support for the union.