Deck 9: Development

Question 1

In which of the following categories of jobs does manufacturing fall?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quadutiary
E) special

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the textbook,one-fifth of the world living in the developed world consumes ________ of the world's goods.

A) five-sixths
B) three-quarters
C) two-thirds
D) half
E) one-third

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 9.1.2
Looking at Figure 9.1.2,which of the following countries has the highest HDI?

A) India
B) China
C) Russia
D) Spain
E) Brazil

Answer 3

D

Question 4

This is the gross value of a product minus the cost of raw materials and energy.

A) productivity
B) value added
C) GDP
D) GNI
E) PPP

Question 5

The United Nations considers ________ to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development.

A) years of schooling
B) the quality of instruction
C) the income of the family
D) the quality of a government
E) the availability of jobs

Question 6

Which of the following regions has the world's highest per capita income?

A) North America
B) East Asia
C) The Middle East
D) Western Europe
E) Russia

Question 7

Which of the following regions has the lowest gross national income per capita?

A) North America
B) South America
C) Africa
D) Russia
E) Australia

Question 8

According to the textbook,Africans comprise about 14 percent of the world's population but only consume ________ percent of the world's goods.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 8
E) 10

Question 9

The UN's Human Development Index (HDI)takes into account three factors.These are

A) a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and a long and healthy life.
B) crude birth rates, crude death rates and the percentage of women in the workforce.
C) life expectancy, percentage of population under 15 and the availability of clean drinking water.
D) doctor/patient ratio, infant mortality rates and good governance.
E) absence of corruption, developed infrastructure and national debt as a ratio of GDP.

Question 10

A baby born today in sub-Saharan Africa can expect to live on average to age 57.What are the two main factors that influence this relatively short lifespan expectation?

A) nutrition, medical services
B) nutrition, education
C) medical services, stress levels
D) medical services, industrial accidents
E) environmental toxicity, nutrition

Question 11

Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have some of the world's lowest literacy rates,averaging ________ percent.

A) below 40
B) below 50
C) below 60
D) below 70
E) below 20

Question 12

Why does the map in 9.1.3 show South America to be a developing area,yet Chile and Argentina are considered developed countries?

A) Chile and Argentina are barely ranked as developed.
B) In terms of global rankings, South America as a whole compared to other defined regions is considered developing. Each region may have a few countries that have very different HDI rankings.
C) Map 9.1.2 data was collected 10 years earlier.
D) It gives evidence that the ranking system is not very consistent.
E) Map 9.1.2 used a different HDI ranking methodology as compared to Map 9.1.3.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of a country with its inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)lower than the HDI?

A) The country has a well-balanced approach to development.
B) More women than men have advanced degrees.
C) Only a few people have higher incomes and access to good health care.
D) Democracy is very well entrenched in the country.
E) The military is in control of the country.

Question 14

The UN computes the Human Development Index (HDI)by considering these three main factors.

A) a decent standard of living, a long and healthy life, access to knowledge
B) a decent standard of living, number of children, level of education
C) level of education, income, and access to medical
D) level of education, access to entertainment, a long and healthy life
E) happiness, education, health

Question 15

In manufacturing,the ________ is the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

A) purchasing power
B) value added
C) impact factor
D) productivity
E) profit index quotient

Question 16

The United Nations measures the average income in countries through a complex index called

A) gross domestic product.
B) annual gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity.
C) gross national income at HDI.
D) annual gross national product at average income.
E) development index at purchasing power parity.

Question 17

This is the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year,including money that leaves and enters the country.

A) Gross Domestic Product
B) Purchasing Power Parity
C) Gross National Income
D) Human Development Index
E) Gross Empowerment Product

Question 18

Figure 9.1.2
Looking at Figure 9.1.2,which of the following countries has the highest HDI?

A) India
B) China
C) Saudi Arabia
D) South Africa
E) Madagascar

Question 19

In the developing world,East Asia and Latin America have some of the highest literacy at ________ percent.

A) 90
B) 80
C) 70
D) 60
E) 50

Question 20

Which of the following regions has life expectancy that is comparable to developed regions?

A) Latin America
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) South Asia
D) Southeast Asia
E) Southwest Asia

Question 21

Globally,what percentage of GNI do developing countries spend on health care?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 12
E) 20

Question 22

Looking at Figure 9.5.5,which of the following countries has the lowest female high school graduation rates?

A) Mexico
B) India
C) China
D) Chile
E) Russia

Question 23

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms against the WTO?

A) that it infringes on the sovereignty of countries
B) that it is too big
C) that it favors the East over the West
D) that it gives too much power to small countries
E) that decisions take too long to be delivered

Question 24

Which of the following countries has not joined the WTO?

A) Russia
B) China
C) United States
D) Canada
E) Germany

Question 25

Which of the following is an accurate description of the labor force participation rate?

A) the percentage of the population unemployed and underemployed
B) the percentage of college graduates employed in the field of their degree
C) the percentage of employed in any given year
D) the percent of women holding full-time jobs outside the home
E) the likelihood of a high school graduate getting a job within 2 years of graduation

Question 26

Which of the following is true today of the developed world?

A) Developed countries are hard-pressed to maintain their current levels of public assistance.
B) In the last two years, most developed countries have increased their social safety nets.
C) In the past, slow economic growth did not permit rich countries to finance generous programs.
D) In recent years economic growth has increased, whereas the percentage of people needing public assistance has decreased.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 27

The United Nations measurement of a country's gender inequality is the country's ________.

A) Gender Bias Quotient (GBQ)
B) Gender Empowerment Parity (GEP)
C) Gender Inequality Index (GII)
D) Gender Equality Coefficient (GEC)
E) Gender Measuring Measure (GMM)

Question 28

Figure 9.4.5

On average,developed countries spend about $________ annually per capita on health care.

A) 25,000
B) 18,000
C) 14,000
D) 8,000
E) 4,000

Question 29

In the self-sufficiency approach to development,countries do all but which of the following?

A) impose tariffs
B) spread investment as equally as possible across all sectors of a country's economy and in all regions
C) restrict imports
D) give precedence to reducing poverty over encouraging a few people to become wealthy consumers
E) do not allow businesses to open in certain parts of the country to increase economies of scale

Question 30

The WTO can do all of the following except

A) enforce agreements.
B) rule on the validity of a charge and order remedies.
C) work to reduce barriers to international trade.
D) order rich member nations to bail out weaker member nations.
E) negotiate the restrictions on the international movement of money by banks.

Question 31

India implemented a self-sufficiency model after they gained independence from the UK.In the 1990s they switched to an International trade model that resulting in

A) a remarkably unresponsive economy.
B) an improved competitiveness and quality of Indian products.
C) higher tariffs on imported products.
D) a lowering of the GDP per capita.
E) a proliferation of monopolies.

Question 32

Figure 9.5.5
Looking at Figure 9.5.5,which of the following countries has the lowest adolescent fertility rates?

A) Canada
B) United States
C) Russia
D) South Africa
E) Brazil

Question 33

To promote the international trade development model,most countries have joined the

A) International Monetary Fund (IMF).
B) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
C) World Trade Organization (WTO).
D) United Nations (UN).
E) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).

Question 34

Which of the following is true for the self-sufficiency path to development?

A) The government reduces taxes and tariffs and increases import quotas.
B) There is an attempt to focus on a few disruptive technologies.
C) Unprofitable private companies can be nursed to success because of isolation from competition from large international companies.
D) Rapid economic growth is expected.
E) Globally competitive products will be produced.

Question 35

Which of the following is true of the international trade approach to development?

A) A country can develop by concentrating scarce resources on expansion of its distinctive local industries.
B) Belonging to international organizations is the overriding principle for the country.
C) Good governance is considered the principal mode of operation.
D) Businesses pay no taxes so they can export to bring in foreign exchange.
E) Businesses are not allowed to locate in some areas, in order to allow those areas to provide labor for industries.

Question 36

Figure 9.4.5

Which of the following regions spends more money on health care per capita?

A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) South Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) Southwest Asia
E) Latin America

Question 37

Figure 9.5.5
Looking at Figure 9.5.5,which of the following countries has the highest adolescent fertility rates?

A) Mexico
B) Morocco
C) China
D) Australia
E) Sweden

Question 38

The following country has a very large population,medium developing HMI ranking,and exhibits considerable inequality in HDI within its country.

A) Madagascar
B) Mexico
C) India
D) United States
E) Russia

Question 39

The United Nations measurement of a country's gender inequality combines measures of

A) reproductive health, education, empowerment, population density.
B) reproductive health, education, empowerment, employment.
C) education, employment, fertility rate, upward mobility.
D) education, employment, happiness, head of household.
E) education, salary, upward mobility, reproductive health.

Question 40

Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die giving birth per ________ births

A) 1000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 1,000,000
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 41

How is access to knowledge or education important to development?

Question 42

Referring to Map 9.8.5,which countries would be more likely to be able to pay their loans back?

A) Brazil and India
B) Mexico and Argentina
C) Kazakhstan and Sudan
D) Peru and Mongolia
E) Papua New Guinea

Question 43

________ is trade that protects small businesses and workers.

A) Free trade
B) Fair trade
C) Equal trade
D) Sustainable trade
E) Humane trade

Question 44

Which is not one of the eight UN Millennium Development Goals?

A) Ensure environmental sustainability.
B) End poverty and hunger.
C) Reduce child mortality.
D) Equal access to consumer goods
E) Develop a global partnership for development.

Question 45

What are the ways in which national incomes are measured?

Question 46

Which of the following regions has seen the most improvements in its HDI since 1980?

A) East Asia
B) South Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) Sub Sahara Africa
E) Latin America

Question 47

Created by the UN in 1980,this is an indicator of the level of development for each country.It combines income,literacy,education,and life expectancy.

A) Human Development Index (HDI)
B) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
C) Gini Coefficient (GC)
D) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
E) Development Level Indicator (DLI)

Question 48

What is the human development index and how does it differ from the inequality-adjusted HDI?

Question 49

The U.S.government allocates approximately ________ percent of its GNI to foreign aid.

A) 12
B) 7
C) 2
D) 1
E) 0.2

Question 50

Which of the following is not a Fair Trade requirement?

A) protected by high environmental and safety standards
B) permitted to organize a union
C) paid fair wages
D) housing needs to be provided by employer
E) have the right to collective bargaining

Question 51

During the 1950s,people lived on average more than two decades longer in developed countries than in developing ones.In the twenty-first century,the gap is ________.

A) less than 5 years
B) less than 10 years
C) less than 15 years
D) still the same
E) increased to 30 years

Question 52

What is Gender Inequality Index and how is it measured?

Question 53

What is the rationale for the IMF and World Bank to provide loans to developing countries?

A) They will receive higher interest rates in return because of the higher risk.
B) They will enable new infrastructure that will lead more domestic and foreign businesses to open and expand.
C) for purely humanitarian reasons
D) They are chartered to loan to high risk countries, knowing that many of the financed projects will fail.
E) The huge growth potential will insure high returns.

Question 54

This region has the world's highest percentage of people living in poverty and suffering from poor health and low education levels.

A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) East Asia
C) South Asia
D) Southeast Asia
E) Latin America

Question 55

Which of the following is not one of the UN's Millennium Development Goals?

A) End poverty and hunger.
B) Achieve universal primary (elementary school) education.
C) Promote gender equality and empower women.
D) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
E) End wars between countries over resources.

Question 56

Compare and contrast the economic structures of developed and developing countries.

Question 57

Fair Trade ________ the percentage of the retail price that ________ in ________ countries receive.

A) improves, distributors, developed
B) protects, distributors, developed
C) reduces, producers, developing
D) reduces, importers, developing
E) improves, producers, developing

Question 58

Discuss the role of access to health care in development.

Question 59

Figure 9.8.4
Which of the following countries has the highest debt as a percentage of GNI?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) Russia
D) China
E) Australia

Question 60

Figure 9.10.2 clearly shows

A) the life expectancy gap between developed and developing countries is relatively unchanging between 1952 and 2012.
B) the life expectancy gap between developed and developing countries is narrowing between 1952 and 2012.
C) the life expectancy gap between developed and developing countries is widening between 1952 and 2012.
D) the life expectancy gap in 1930 must have been much wider.
E) that the graph is wrong because some people clearly live more than 80 years.

Question 61

What is structural adjustment program and what are some of the criticisms against it?

Question 62

What is the World Trade Organization and what are some of the criticisms against it?

Question 63

Southern Mexican coffee producers have taken advantage of Fair Trade opportunities and combined this with organic certification that demands a higher price.Non-organic coffee is a commodity and experiences significant price fluctuations because of the global market.The small producers form alliances,known as "colectivos" in Spanish,for more bargaining power.Describe how these actions provide long-term benefit for the small Mexican producers.

Question 64

Is the WTO the only avenue countries have to settle disputes related to international trade? If not,why is the WTO needed at all? Why don't countries forge ahead,create trade agreements,and settle disputes without the WTO?

Question 65

What is fair trade and what does it hope to achieve?

Question 66

It is important to carefully consider what kind of statistics to use when researching and presenting information.For example,one could claim that great progress has been made in the GNI per capita since 1980 for developing regions by stating that the percent increase is much higher as compared to that of developed countries in the same period.Describe three different statistical ways to present this data (Figure 9.10.3)and what method you would choose for a research paper.

Question 67

To promote development,poor countries typically follow one of two models.Briefly describe them.

Question 68

The maps provided in 9.5.1 Gender Inequality Index (GII)and 9.5.2 Adolescent Fertility Rate seem to show that most of the countries that are below 0.3 on the GII are the same countries that have adolescent fertility rates below 60 per 1000.Provide reasons for this correlation.