Deck 52: Assisting in the Analysis of Urine

Question 1

Ovulation testing measures the level of hCG in the bloodstream.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Acetest is performed to detect an abnormal urinary pH level.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The most accurate method of testing urine in patients with diabetes requires a second-voided specimen.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The easiest directions for a patient in collecting a urine specimen are to ask the patient to fill the container three-quarters full to make sure enough urine is provided for testing.

Question 5

Ketones may not be present in a urine sample that is at room temperature.

Question 6

Crystals may be present in the urine because of antibiotic therapy.

Question 7

For the most accurate results, urine specimens should be kept refrigerated and processed within 2 hours of collection.

Question 8

In general, artifacts in urine sediment, such as mucous threads and starch granules, are quantified and reported.

Question 9

Collection of a midstream, clean-catch urine specimen is a nonsterile method for collecting a specimen for C&S.

Question 10

An EIA test result for pregnancy is positive if anti-hCG is present in the urine.

Question 11

The average person produces approximately 2 L of urine each day.

Question 12

The Clinitest is performed as a screening test for glycosuria.

Question 13

The cycle of urine production in the nephron unit is reabsorption, filtration, and excretion.

Question 14

A urinometer is most frequently used to determine the specific gravity of a urine specimen in the physician's office laboratory.

Question 15

Urine is the most commonly analyzed body fluid in the clinical laboratory.

Question 16

The presence of casts in urine sediment always indicates a pathologic condition.

Question 17

Normally the medical assistant documents the presence of foam on a urine specimen.

Question 18

Hematuria is the presence of intact red blood cells in urine.

Question 19

Reagent strip testing must be performed on a fresh specimen within 1 hour of collection.

Question 20

Of the many sugars that can be present in the urine, only glucose and galactose signify a pathologic condition.

Question 21

Although urine tests are used for drug screening, the most accurate examination is performed on blood samples.

Question 22

Crystal deposits are detected in urine after it has cooled.

Question 23

A cloudy urine specimen may be the result of which of the following?

A)Glycosuria
B)Ketones
C)Lipids
D)Amorphous crystals

Question 24

If a urine specimen cannot be analyzed within 30 minutes, the best course of action is to:

A)discard the specimen and order a recollection
B)refrigerate the specimen
C)add a chemical preservative
D)set the specimen aside

Question 25

One of the first detectable signs of renal disease is:

A)hematuria
B)pyuria
C)proteinuria
D)myoglobinuria

Question 26

The most accurate method for performing alcohol screening is analysis of a urine sample.

Question 27

On chemical analysis, a urine specimen from a female with a urinary tract infection most likely reveals _____ pH, _____ nitrite, and _____ leukocyte esterase.

A)decreased; increased; increased
B)increased; increased; increased
C)increased; decreased; decreased
D)increased; decreased; increased

Question 28

You open a urine sample for testing and immediately detect a fruity odor.Which test result do you expect to be elevated on chemical analysis?

A)Protein
B)Urobilinogen
C)Ketones
D)Bilirubin

Question 29

Safety precautions must be taken with the Clinitest method of testing for glycosuria because the chemical reaction causes the test tube to become very hot.

Question 30

Urine suspected of having high levels of which substance should be stored in a dark place before testing?

A)Bilirubin
B)Red blood cells
C)Bacteria
D)Protein

Question 31

A 24-hour urine sample is ordered to determine which of the following?

A)Ketone levels
B)Creatinine clearance rates
C)Proteinuria
D)Anuria

Question 32

Which statement is true about the pH of urine?

A)The average pH of freshly voided urine is 9.
B)The urinary pH varies with the diet.
C)The urine pH is alkaline if the patient has bacteriuria.
D)A urine pH below 7 indicates alkalinity.

Question 33

Which of the following is mismatched concerning urine color and the likely pathologic cause?

A)Red: bleeding in the urinary tract
B)Greenish yellow: liver disorder
C)Blue-green: Pseudomonas infection
D)Reddish brown: diabetes

Question 34

QC for the microscopic examination of urine relies on standardized commercial systems such as KOVA.

Question 35

When instructing a female patient in how to obtain a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen, you should tell her to use how many antiseptic towelettes?

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four

Question 36

The specific gravity of a urine specimen reads 1.035.This value is considered:

A)abnormally high
B)abnormally low
C)normal
D)none of the above

Question 37

Casts in a urine specimen develop in what part of the urinary tract?

A)Urethra
B)Renal tubules
C)Bladder
D)Ureters

Question 38

Quality control methods for microscopic examination of urine requires a minimum of 20 mL of urine that has been centrifuged for 10 minutes.

Question 39

A medical assistant instructs a patient to collect a first morning specimen for which of the following tests?

A)Pregnancy testing
B)Culture for bacteriuria
C)Quantitative protein determination
D)All of the above

Question 40

When urine is fresh and warm, yeast organisms may be motile and appear to be darting about rapidly when the specimen is examined under a microscope.

Question 41

A urine sample that can be collected at any given time is called a:

A)random sample
B)2-hour PP
C)clean-catch sample
D)24-hour sample

Question 42

Which of the following is a tubular structure found in the urine and composed mainly of mucoprotein secreted by certain cells of the kidney?

A)Casts
B)Bacteria
C)Yeast
D)Metabolite

Question 43

__________ casts are not uncommon in the urine of athletes.

Question 44

A urine pregnancy test result is positive:

A)only before implantation of the fertilized egg
B)from fertilization through the first trimester
C)from implantation of the fertilized egg through the first trimester
D)from implantation of the fertilized egg through delivery

Question 45

The sugar most commonly found in urine is __________.

Question 46

In the microscopic observation of urine sediment, yeast most resembles:

A)bacteria
B)red blood cells
C)mucous threads
D)calcium oxalate crystals

Question 47

A urine specimen is tested and shown to have a pH of 8.0.This value is:

A)abnormally low
B)abnormally high
C)midrange normal
D)normal

Question 48

The most reliable test for detecting bladder cancer is __________, but it is an invasive procedure.

Question 49

A small amount of which of the following is always present in normal urine?

A)Bilirubin
B)Glucose
C)Urobilinogen
D)Leukocyte esterase

Question 50

The cell most likely seen in a normal specimen is a:

A)red blood cell
B)renal tubular epithelial cell
C)squamous epithelial cell
D)leukocyte

Question 51

You are examining a patient's urinalysis report.Which of the following factors is normal?

A)Specific gravity: 1.045
B)Color: light amber
C)Turbidity: present
D)Glucose: positive

Question 52

One of the first detectable signs of liver disease is:

A)bilirubinuria
B)hematuria
C)proteinuria
D)ketonuria

Question 53

A red blood cell seen in urine sediment that has scalloped, leaflike edges is described as __________.

Question 54

A random urine sample may contain blood from vaginal contamination if the woman is __________.

Question 55

A child whose urine has a mousy smell most likely would be diagnosed with:

A)diabetes
B)urinary tract infection
C)PKU
D)renal failure

Question 56

The pigment __________ is responsible for the color of urine.

Question 57

A turbid urine sample means that the specimen is:

A)contaminated
B)high in ketones
C)high in glucose
D)cloudy

Question 58

When a woman enters menopause, the ovaries stop producing eggs and the levels of __________ rise.

Question 59

Which of the following is not used to measure specific gravity?

A)Refractometer
B)Microscope
C)Reagent strip
D)Urinometer

Question 60

Standard practice in the clinical laboratory for compliance with CDC infection control procedures includes:

A)wearing a laboratory coat over street clothes
B)carefully washing gloves after handling each urine specimen
C)keeping food in tightly sealed containers in the specimen refrigerator
D)wearing masks and protective eyewear when performing a reagent test

Question 61

The medical assistant is responsible for making sure laboratory specimens are properly labeled and prepared for shipping to the referral laboratory.Describe this procedure.

Question 62

Refrigeration of urine can cause __________urates or phosphates to settle out of a urine sample.

Question 63

The __________ is a network of capillaries where filtration of waste materials occurs in the nephron unit.

Question 64

__________ is the membrane that collects the filtrate from the afferent arterioles of the nephron unit.

Question 65

__________ may occur as the first sign of liver disease; the urine appears yellow-brown or greenish orange.

Question 66

A(n) __________ is ordered if the physician suspects that the patient has a UTI and needs to determine the most effective antibiotic to prescribe.

Question 67

Oval fat bodies are __________, which creates a sharp microscopic image of this urinary product.

Question 68

__________ occurs when the blood supply to an area is held back or obstructed.

Question 69

A laboratory test identified as the __________ is the analysis considered the best possible diagnostic tool for a specific health problem.

Question 70

__________ is the study of poisonous substances and their effects on the body.

Question 71

A patient who shows a decrease in the volume of urine produced is said to have __________.

Question 72

You are instructing a patient on how to obtain and manage a urine specimen at home.What education should you provide?

Question 73

Describe the changes that occur in urine when it has been sitting at room temperature.
• Clarity
• Color
• pH
• Glucose
• Ketones
• Bilirubin
• Blood
• Nitrite
• Bacteria

Question 74

__________ are the end-products of fat metabolism and are detected in the urine samples of patients with uncontrolled diabetes.

Question 75

__________ may be the first indication of diabetes mellitus.

Question 76

Crushing injuries and MIs can result in __________.

Question 77

You are working in a PCP office that routinely performs work-related drug screenings.Describe several methods that may be used to ensure that the urine sample has not been adulterated.