Deck 5: Musculoskeletal Pathologies

Question 1

Which muscles are most likely tight and need lengthening in a client with lordosis?

A)Abdominals
B)Shoulder protractors
C)Hip flexors
D)Knee flexors

Answer 1

Hip flexors

Question 2

Which disorder is genetic and causes abnormality in the connective tissues of many body systems?

A)Muscular dystrophy
B)Marfan syndrome
C)Compartment syndrome
D)Myositis ossificans

Answer 2

Marfan syndrome

Question 3

Massage considerations for a client with osteoarthritis include:

A)only using the side-lying position.
B)avoiding joints that are red or hot to the touch.
C)deep stretching to lengthen the tissues crossing affected joints.
D)using moderate to deep pressure.

Answer 3

avoiding joints that are red or hot to the touch.

Question 4

Massage considerations for a client with pes planus include:

A)avoiding the lateral arch of the foot.
B)using only the supine and side-lying positions.
C)using deep gliding, kneading, and friction on calf muscles.
D)avoiding ankle mobilizations.

Question 5

A structural deformity in which the first metatarsophalangeal joint becomes medially displaced is called:

A)bursitis.
B)bunion.
C)bone cancer.
D)Baker cyst.

Question 6

Massage considerations for a client with spondylosis include:

A)that it is contraindicated.
B)deep tissue techniques to realign affected vertebrae.
C)avoiding stretching or joint mobilization of involved vertebrae.
D)techniques applied to the arms and legs only.

Question 7

Which condition is characterized by progressive damage and eventual loss of articular cartilage due to wear and tear?

A)Lyme arthritis
B)Osteoarthritis
C)Rheumatoid arthritis
D)Gouty arthritis

Question 8

Anterior displacement of the vertebra, usually in the lumbar spine, is called:

A)kyphosis.
B)sprain.
C)osteomyelitis.
D)spondylolisthesis.

Question 9

Which condition is characterized by loss of normal bone density and subsequent increased susceptibility to fractures?

A)Hallux valgus
B)Scoliosis
C)Still disease
D)Osteoporosis

Question 10

Massage considerations for chronic bursitis include:

A)that it is a local contraindication.
B)ice application for 20 minutes each day.
C)deep friction and mobilizations.
D)that it is an absolute contraindication.

Question 11

Another term for patellofemoral syndrome is:

A)chondromalacia patellae.
B)sacroiliac syndrome.
C)tibiofibular syndrome.
D)iliofemoral syndrome.

Question 12

Massage considerations for a client diagnosed with osteomyelitis include:

A)avoiding massage until the infection is resolved and medical clearance is given.
B)gentle massage without stretching or mobilizations.
C)avoiding local massage while general massage is beneficial.
D)massage including mobilizations to increase local circulation.

Question 13

Inadequate mineralization of mature bones, causing them to become soft, flexible, and deformed, is called:

A)osteomalacia.
B)osteoporosis.
C)Osgood-Schlatter disease.
D)myositis ossificans.

Question 14

An accumulation of synovial fluid behind the knee is called:

A)gout.
B)Baker cyst.
C)ganglion cyst.
D)bunion.

Question 15

A client with patellofemoral syndrome who has little to no local swelling may benefit most from:

A)intensive mobilization of the cuboid bone.
B)deep gliding, kneading, friction, and myofascial release to the arch of the affected foot.
C)strengthening the lateral rotators of the hip.
D)deep gliding, kneading, friction, and myofascial release on the affected quadriceps and hamstrings.

Question 16

Headaches, earaches, toothaches, and jaw pain are common symptoms for which condition?

A)Fibromyalgia
B)Adhesive capsulitis
C)Compartment syndrome
D)Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Question 17

Which term also refers to osteoarthritis?

A)Lyme disease
B)Osteomyelitis
C)Osteoporosis
D)Degenerative joint disease

Question 18

A progressive bone disease marked by abnormal and excessive bone remodeling that result in weakened and deformed bones is called:

A)myositis ossificans.
B)Paget disease.
C)spondylitis.
D)osteomyelitis.

Question 19

Considerations for a client with rheumatoid arthritis include that massage:

A)is indicated only in periods of remission.
B)may reduce inflammation during a period of exacerbation.
C)is an absolute contraindication in all phases of rheumatoid arthritis.
D)may be indicated over affected joints.

Question 20

Which condition is inflammation of the bursae?

A)Synovitis
B)Bursitis
C)Spondylolisthesis
D)Tendonitis

Question 21

Which choice is not a consideration for massage of a ligament sprain?

A)Deep stretching may be beneficial for healing the ligament.
B)Avoid applying techniques for 72 hours, and use only the PRICE (protect, rest, ice, compression, elevation) treatment method during this time.
C)After the acute stage, apply cross-fiber friction to realign ligament fibers.
D)Treatments of shorter duration are indicated initially until the client becomes accustomed to pressure.

Question 22

A strain is an injury to a:

A)ligament.
B)muscle or its tendon.
C)fascial compartment.
D)joint capsule.

Question 23

Inflammation of a tendon is called:

A)myositis.
B)fasciitis.
C)dystrophy.
D)tendinitis.

Question 24

The condition marked by shortening and thickening of the palmar fascia that may cause digits 3-5 to be pulled into a flexed position is called:

A)disuse atrophy.
B)plantar fasciitis.
C)Dupuytren contracture.
D)myofascial pain syndrome.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a type of headache?

A)Trigeminal
B)Tension
C)Migraine
D)Cluster

Question 26

Chronic, systemic, inflammatory arthritis leading to calcification and fusion of the joints is called:

A)myositis ossificans.
B)ankylosing spondylitis.
C)rheumatoid arthritis.
D)Lyme disease.

Question 27

Which injury involves bones being temporarily displaced at the joint with complete loss of contact between their articulating surfaces?

A)Subluxation
B)Concussion
C)Dislocation
D)Separation

Question 28

Inflammation of a tendon at the attachment to the bone is called:

A)bursitis.
B)sprain.
C)epicondylitis.
D)tenosynovitis.

Question 29

Which statement is not true when massaging a client diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome?

A)Though clients often request deep tissue techniques, this may exacerbate pain.
B)The treatment plan should be identical from session to session to ensure consistent progress.
C)Working slowly from the most superficial layer then into deeper layers is an optimal treatment plan.
D)Tender points should be deactivated carefully and slowly.

Question 30

Lyme disease, which begins with a bull's eye rash, occurs when one is bitten by a tick carrying which pathogen?

A)Human papillomavirus
B)Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria
C)Dermatophytes
D)Staphylococcus bacteria

Question 31

A muscle that appears small, loose, and flattened with reduced strength is considered:

A)fibrosed.
B)atrophied.
C)hypertonic.
D)strained.

Question 32

Which treatment plan is most appropriate for a client with tendinitis in the chronic stage?

A)Cross-fiber friction to the affected tendon followed by ice application
B)PRICE only
C)Gentle gliding strokes to increase circulation
D)Avoiding applying techniques to the affected area

Question 33

Massage considerations for septic arthritis include:

A)local contraindication for the affected joint.
B)absolute contraindication if the client has completely recovered and is asymptomatic.
C)local contraindication if the client has a fever.
D)absolute contraindication until the condition has resolved and medical clearance is given.

Question 34

The deposition of calcium in soft tissue that has been traumatized by an injury describes which condition?

A)Rheumatoid arthritis
B)Reye syndrome
C)Osteoarthritis
D)Muscular dystrophy

Question 35

Which injury is a break in a bone?

A)Separation
B)Dislocation
C)Contracture
D)Fracture

Question 36

Massage considerations for a client with de Quervain tenosynovitis include that it is:

A)an absolute contraindication.
B)an absolute contraindication if local inflammation is present.
C)always a local contraindication.
D)a local contraindication if inflammation is present.

Question 37

A shortening of a muscle that causes a joint to become fixated in a flexed position is called:

A)cachexia.
B)atrophy.
C)degeneration.
D)contracture.

Question 38

Which injury involves joint trauma that stretches or tears ligaments without bone displacement?

A)Dislocation
B)Strain
C)Separation
D)Sprain

Question 39

Myofascial pain syndrome is associated with which condition?

A)Tightening of the palmar fascia
B)Absence of the thoracolumbar fascia
C)The presence of localized trigger points
D)Muscular atrophy

Question 40

Which condition can cause contracture?

A)Increased skin elasticity
B)Nerve damage
C)Restricted extensor tissues
D)Edematous tissue

Question 41

A disorder of the shoulder joint and its capsule, which then becomes inflamed and eventually stiff or frozen, is called:

A)compartment syndrome.
B)lateral epicondylitis.
C)ankylosing spondylitis.
D)adhesive capsulitis.

Question 42

A collection of rare genetic muscle diseases characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy is called:

A)septic arthritis.
B)myositis ossificans.
C)shin splints.
D)muscular dystrophy.

Question 43

A client was rear ended in heavy traffic 2 days ago and has a stiff neck but no other symptoms. She stated that her head was thrown back, then forward. Which massage approach is appropriate?

A)Treat the flexors and extensors of the neck.
B)Treat the lateral flexors of the neck.
C)Postpone the massage for at least 72 hours after the injury, and then treat the flexors and extensors of the neck, followed by ice application.
D)Postpone the massage for at least 72 hours after the injury, and then treat the lateral flexors of the trunk, followed by heat application.

Question 44

Which condition is a benign mass consisting of a thin fibrous capsule enclosing clear, gelatinous fluids and usually located on a wrist?

A)Baker cyst
B)Gout
C)Ganglion cyst
D)Contracture

Question 45

Which condition involves diffuse soft tissue pain and the presence of multiple tender points?

A)Rheumatoid arthritis
B)Fibromyalgia syndrome
C)Dupuytren contracture
D)Muscular dystrophy

Question 46

Which type of condition is related to prolonged repetitive or constant motion, usually combined with compressive forces?

A)Repetitive strain injuries
B)Compartment syndromes
C)Whiplash injuries
D)Muscular dystrophies

Question 47

Which group of muscles is also commonly involved in torticollis?

A)Pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, and rhomboids
B)Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
C)Scalenes, trapezius, and splenius capitis and cervicis
D)Quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, hamstrings, and paraspinals

Question 48

Massage considerations for a client with Osgood-Schlatter disease include:

A)performing joint mobilizations in all phases of the condition.
B)using friction around the knee to reduce adhesions once inflammation has abated.
C)strengthening the quadriceps to help relieve tension on the tibial tuberosity.
D)avoiding use of a bolster under the knees when treating the quadriceps.

Question 49

Which condition is a lateral curvature in the normally straight vertical line of the spine, usually in the thoracic region?

A)Kyphosis
B)Scoliosis
C)Lordosis
D)Spondylosis

Question 50

Which condition involves spasms of the sternocleidomastoid muscles?

A)Torticollis
B)Epicondylitis
C)Tendinitis
D)Scoliosis