Deck 8: Cardiovascular Pathologies

Question 1

Sudden and unexpected complete cessation of the heartbeat is called:

A)myocardial infarction.
B)cardiac arrest.
C)congestive heart failure.
D)cardiomyopathy.

Answer 1

cardiac arrest.

Question 2

Which term means a heart attack?

A)Angina pectoris
B)Arteriosclerosis
C)Hypertension
D)Myocardial infarction

Answer 2

Myocardial infarction

Question 3

Massage considerations for clients with anemia resulting from nutritional deficiencies include:

A)treating the condition as an absolute contraindication.
B)paying attention to any underlying conditions.
C)performing the treatment in a cooler-than-average room.
D)avoiding the abdomen, hands, and feet.

Answer 3

paying attention to any underlying conditions.

Question 4

What is inflammation of the pericardium called?

A)Endocarditis
B)Myocarditis
C)Phlebitis
D)Pericarditis

Question 5

The genetic disorder that impairs blood-clotting mechanisms and may result in excessive bruising is called:

A)phlebitis.
B)atherosclerosis.
C)hemophilia.
D)anemia.

Question 6

What is a common, often asymptomatic, disorder of sustained and elevated blood pressure?

A)Phlebitis
B)Hypertension
C)Hypotension
D)Peripheral arterial disease

Question 7

Which condition occurs when an embolus occludes a blood vessel, cutting off circulation?

A)Aneurysm
B)Embolism
C)Anemia
D)Hypertension

Question 8

Failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs is called:

A)shock.
B)edema.
C)pericarditis.
D)phlebitis.

Question 9

Which is an appropriate massage approach for a client at risk for thrombosis?

A)Electric massagers may dissolve and resolve the blood clot.
B)The condition is a contraindication in all stages.
C)No special considerations are necessary.
D)Avoid deep pressure and vigorous massage on the lower extremities.

Question 10

The treatment plan for a client diagnosed with atherosclerosis should include:

A)that massage is contraindicated for this condition.
B)reducing sessions to 30 minutes or less.
C)avoiding deep pressure or techniques that increase circulation.
D)using recommendations for diseases associated with this condition.

Question 11

Which action is a consideration for a client with an arrhythmia?

A)If the client has shortness of breath, avoid the supine position.
B)If the client feels fatigued, increase treatment time to 90 minutes.
C)Elevate the upper body in the supine position.
D)Massage is contraindicated for this condition.

Question 12

The systemic inflammatory condition that may develop as a complication after an untreated streptococcal throat infection is called:

A)orthostatic hypotension.
B)Raynaud disease.
C)rheumatic fever.
D)myocardial infarction.

Question 13

A person with a history of angina pectoris should always carry which medication?

A)Lithium
B)Diuretics
C)Antiarrhythmic agents
D)Nitroglycerin

Question 14

Massage considerations for a client with a history of myocardial infarction who has regained full strength include:

A)lighter-than-normal massage should always be performed.
B)sessions should never last longer than 30 minutes.
C)vigorous techniques can be performed if other complications are absent.
D)this condition is a contraindication.

Question 15

Endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis involve inflammation of the _____ the heart, _____ the heart, and _____ the heart, respectively.

A)muscular wall of; sac surrounding; interior lining of
B)interior lining of; muscular wall of; sac surrounding
C)sac surrounding; muscular wall of; interior lining of
D)muscular wall of; interior lining of; sac surrounding

Question 16

Which condition is caused by reduced blood supply to the heart and is experienced as chest pain?

A)Arrhythmia
B)Angina pectoris
C)Rheumatic fever
D)Myocarditis

Question 17

What is inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart called?

A)Pericarditis
B)Endocarditis
C)Phlebitis
D)Myocarditis

Question 18

Which condition involves the inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the body's demands?

A)Anemia
B)Congestive heart failure
C)Peripheral arterial disease
D)Atherosclerosis

Question 19

Which disorder is a group of arterial diseases characterized by a thickening and reduction of arterial wall elasticity, which leads to "hardening of the arteries"?

A)Arteriosclerosis
B)Deep venous thrombosis
C)Thromboangiitis obliterans
D)Raynaud disease

Question 20

Which condition is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become deformed?

A)Lupus
B)Hemophilia
C)Embolism
D)Sickle cell disease

Question 21

An inflammatory condition of small- and medium-size arteries of the extremities strongly associated with long-term use of smoking tobacco is:

A)phlebitis.
B)thrombophlebitis.
C)thromboangiitis obliterans.
D)varicosities.

Question 22

Which disorder is characterized by cycles of vasospasms, typically in superficial tissues of fingers and toes?

A)Hemophilia
B)Aneurysm
C)Cerebrovascular accident
D)Raynaud disease

Question 23

A sudden drop in blood pressure when moving from a lying down or sitting position to an upright or standing position, causing a loss of balance, is called:

A)coronary artery disease.
B)hypertension.
C)orthostatic hypotension.
D)aneurysm.

Question 24

If vein inflammation is accompanied by thrombus formation, the condition is referred to as:

A)phlebitis.
B)thrombophlebitis.
C)Raynaud syndrome.
D)varicose veins.

Question 25

Which condition is due to dilated veins, causing their valves to become incompetent?

A)Varicose veins
B)Thromboangiitis obliterans
C)Hemophilia
D)Anemia

Question 26

Which condition is inflammation of the veins?

A)Myocarditis
B)Phlebitis
C)Aneurysm
D)Shock

Question 27

Which disorder is a localized weakness of a blood vessel wall?

A)Phlebitis
B)Anemia
C)Aneurysm
D)Vasospasm

Question 28

Which of the following is not a consideration for a client with varicose veins?

A)Avoid the area if pressure causes pain or if the client is at risk for clot formation.
B)Massage the area proximal to varicosities first to encourage venous return.
C)Use bolsters to raise the area of varicosities above the heart.
D)Massage is always a local contraindication.

Question 29

Which consideration is appropriate for a client with controlled hypertension?

A)Massage may assist in keeping blood pressure high through induced relaxation.
B)Assistance off the table may be necessary if orthostatic hypotension is present.
C)Lightheadedness indicates the need for more vigorous technique application.
D)Massage may increase stress and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 30

Considerations for a client with Raynaud disease include that massage:

A)is contraindicated.
B)is best performed on the affected area when symptoms are present.
C)should be accompanied by the application of ice.
D)may improve local circulation when administered between attacks.