Deck 15: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

A child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if the child were an adult is considered to be what type of child?

A)Delinquent
B)Neglected
C)Undisciplined
D)Dependent

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In 2011,the U.S.Supreme Court held that the __________of juvenile suspects must be considered when determining whether they would feel free not to respond to police questioning.

A)Intelligence
B)Age
C)Sobriety
D)Education

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles in which a decision is made on the form of treatment or penalty that should be imposed on the child is known as:

A)A dispositional hearing.
B)Juvenile disposition.
C)An adjudicatory hearing.
D)Intake.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following categories of children violate laws written only for children?

A)Dependent children
B)Status offenders
C)Undisciplined children
D)Delinquent children

Question 5

In 2013,California Governor Jerry Brown announced that he would stop new admissions to the state's Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)facilities and provide funds to the counties in an effort to have the counties deal with juveniles at the point they are most likely to return.This is an example of a:

A)Resolution strategy.
B)Reinvestment strategy.
C)Realignment strategy.
D)Reinvention strategy.

Question 6

Which landmark U.S.Supreme court case guaranteed juvenile the following rights: Notice of charges,right to counsel,right to confront and to cross examine witnesses,and protection against self-incrimination?

A)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
B)Kent v.U.S.
C)In re Winship
D)In re Gault

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the six categories of children in the juvenile justice system?

A)Delinquent children
B)Uncontrollable children
C)Abused children
D)Dependent children

Question 8

Truancy,vagrancy,and running away from home are examples of:

A)Felony offenses.
B)Federal offenses.
C)Status offenses.
D)Delinquent offenses.

Question 9

Which is the first step in decision-making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction?

A)Adjudicatory hearing
B)Transfer hearing
C)Finding of delinquency
D)Intake

Question 10

McKeiver v.Pennsylvania held that juveniles do NOT have the constitutional right to:

A)Bail.
B)Appeal.
C)A free lawyer if they cannot afford one.
D)A jury trial.

Question 11

In which portion of a juvenile case does a judge decide whether or not to confine a juvnile?

A)Review
B)Beginning
C)Disposition
D)Blending

Question 12

In re Winship held that delinquency must be established:

A)Beyond a reasonable doubt.
B)To the court's satisfaction.
C)By a preponderance of the evidence.
D)By clear and convincing evidence.

Question 13

A juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and an adult criminal sentence upon an adjudicated delinquent is known as a ______________ sentence.

A)Blended
B)Singular
C)Dual
D)Mandatory

Question 14

The principle of parens patriae:

A)Permits the state to assume the role of the parents.
B)Permits the state to declare juveniles delinquent.
C)Defines status offenses.
D)Defines undisciplined children.

Question 15

The fact-finding process by which the juvenile court determines whether or not there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition is known as:

A)Intake.
B)An adjudicatory hearing.
C)Juvenile petition.
D)Juvenile disposition.

Question 16

The combination of the government agencies that function to investigate,supervise,adjudicate,care for,or confine youthful offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court is known as the:

A)Juvenile legal system.
B)Juvenile court system.
C)Juvenile legal group.
D)Juvenile justice system.

Question 17

Which of the following types of children do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians? They may suffer from malnutrition or may not be provided with adequate shelter.

A)Abused children
B)Status offenders
C)Neglected children
D)Dependent children

Question 18

A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent,a status offender,or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is a:

A)Juvenile summons.
B)Writ of habeas corpus.
C)Juvenile petition.
D)Notice of adult jurisdiction.

Question 19

In 1899 the ________________Juvenile Court Act created a juvenile court,separate in form and function from adult criminal courts.To avoid the lasting stigma of criminality,the law applied the term delinquent rather than criminal to young adjudicated offenders,and that is the model we use today.

A)New York
B)Illinois
C)Rhode Island
D)Pennsylvania

Question 20

The Kent v.U.S.decision meant that the courts must provide which of the following in juvenile proceedings?

A)Representation
B)Jury trials
C)Due process
D)Miranda warnings

Question 21

The purpose of the preliminary hearing is to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the juvenile committed the alleged act.

Question 22

In 2011,the U.S.Supreme Court held that the age of suspects must be considered when determining whether they would feel free not to respond to police questioning.

Question 23

Nationally,there are almost no problems with overcrowding conditions in juvenile detention centers.

Question 24

In 2012,the Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform of the National Academies of Sciences released a report on reforming juvenile justice.The Committee found that "a harsh system of punishing troubled youth can make things worse,while a scientifically-based juvenile justice system can make an enduring difference in the lives of many youth who most need the structure and services it can provide."

Question 25

The aggregate of the government agencies that function to investigate,supervise,adjudicate,care for,or confine youthful offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court is known as the _________________ justice system.

Question 26

A blended sentence is a juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and an adult criminal sentence upon an adjudicated delinquent.

Question 27

In 2011,John _____________ College of Criminal Justice released a comprehensive study of strategies for changing the juvenile justice system.

Question 28

The majority of the states today define a child subject to juvenile court jurisdiction as a person who has not yet turned 18.

Question 29

Status offenders are delinquent children sent to adult court.

Question 30

Unlike the adult system,where jail is seen as the primary custodial alternative for people awaiting a first appearance,the use of secure detention for juveniles is acceptable only as a last resort.

Question 31

A detention hearing is held when a serious offense is involved.Statutory provisions may allow for transfer of the case to adult court at the prosecuting attorney's request.

Question 32

Judges are the only officials authorized to conduct detention hearings.

Question 33

In Miller v.Alabama (2012)the Court held that mandatory life-without-parole sentences for individuals 17 or younger convicted of homicide did not violate the Eighth Amendment.

Question 34

Courts may adjudicate juveniles to be __________ rather than find them guilty of a crime.

Question 35

In re Gault found that jury trials are not constitutionally provided for in the Constitution.

Question 36

Teen court is an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which alleged offenders are judged and sentenced by a judge who specializes in juvenile case.

Question 37

The juvenile ________ is a document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent,a status offender,or a dependent and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the juvenile.

Question 38

The __________ hearing is the final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles in which a decision is made on the form of treatment or penalty.

Question 39

Kent v.United States said courts must provide the essentials of due process in juvenile proceedings.

Question 40

The separation between adult court procedures and juvenile court procedures is narrower today than any time in our history.The similarities are becoming greater than the differences.

Question 41

Bullying in our school systems has become a national problem.The author lists a number of possible warning signs that a child is being bullied.List and comment on these signs.Explain your opinions on how to prevent bullying and what to do upon discovery that it is happening.

Question 42

Adjudicatory hearings for juveniles are similar to adult trials,with some notable exceptions.List and define three of those differences and compare them to adult trials.Comment on your belief as to the most important of these differences that benefit juveniles.

Question 43

There are several important U.S.Supreme Court that had an impact on decisions relating to the treatment of juveniles.List three cases and analyze their impact had on the treatment of juveniles,both in and out of the courtroom.Comment on how each of these cases is relevant and important to the treatment of juveniles.

Question 44

According to a 2011 study,recent models for reform adopted by a number of states can be categorized into three groups according to the kinds of influences that have led to their development.Define and explain two of the three models.Choose the model that you believe works the best.

Question 45

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)has identified five significant developments that have taken place over the past decade with significant executive or legislative actions.List and define three of those five developments.

Question 46

An act or conduct that is declared by statute to be an offense,but only when committed by or engaged in by a juvenile,and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court,is called a ____________ offense.

Question 47

Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between juvenile and adult court proceedings.

Question 48

Parens _____________ is a common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and take custody of a child when he or she becomes delinquent,is abandoned,or is in need of care that the natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide.

Question 49

When a child commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender's age,such as purchasing cigarettes,buying alcohol,or truancy,the child is called a(n)________________ offender.

Question 50

________________ is the first step in decision making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction.

Question 51

A child who is not receiving the proper level of physical or psychological care from his or her parents or guardians,or who has been placed up for adoption in violation of the law,is known as a(n)__________________ child.

Question 52

The juvenile court movement was based on five philosophical principles.List and define three of those principles.Explain which of the principles is the most productive.
Answers: The state is the "higher or ultimate parent" of all the children within its borders.
Children are worth saving,and non-punitive procedures should be used to save the child.
Children should be nurtured.While the nurturing process is under way,they should be protected from the stigmatizing impact of formal adjudicatory procedures.
To accomplish the goal of reformation,justice needs to be individualized;that is,each child is different,and the needs,aspirations,living conditions,etc.,of each child must be known in their individual particulars if the court is to be helpful.
Noncriminal procedures are necessary to give primary consideration to the needs of the child.The denial of due process can be justified in the face of constitutional challenges because the court acts not to punish,but to help.