Deck 2: Social Status: Sex, Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class

Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Girls and boys are treated differently by their parents, and parents hold different expectations for them.
B)Males begin sexual relationships earlier than do females, and have a greater number of sexual partners.
C)Men are more likely to graduate from college than are women, and they are less likely to have careers, although they earn more money.
D)Wives are more likely than their husbands to do most of the housework and child care.
E)If a couple divorces, the man is more likely to remarry.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The hierarchical ranking of categories of people within society is called:

A)gender.
B)prejudice.
C)patriarchy.
D)social stratification.
E)social mobility.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Female genital cutting/mutilation:

A)has occurred among nearly 20 million women and girls around the world.
B)is the equivalent to male circumcision.
C)eliminates a woman's ability to have an orgasm.
D)is a safe procedure if done in a hospital.
E)continues because it is deeply rooted in religious customs.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When government, religious groups, or schools create policies and practices-intentionally or unintentionally-that are systematically disadvantageous to certain groups, this is called:

A)prejudice.
B)individual discrimination.
C)race.
D)social capital.
E)institutional discrimination.

Question 5

Today the rapid growth in the Hispanic population is primarily due to:

A)immigration.
B)naturalization.
C)a high birth rate.
D)emigration.
E)institutional discrimination.

Question 6

What was the most frequent cosmetic surgical procedure in 2008, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons?

A)liposuction
B)tummy tuck
C)nose reshaping
D)eyelid surgery
E)breast augmentation

Question 7

Katie is learning how to read and her father noticed that many of the classic books show girls standing on the sidelines and boys as the main characters. This is an example of:

A)institutional discrimination.
B)SES.
C)infibulation.
D)a hidden curriculum.
E)a sexual script.

Question 8

With respect to the division of household labor:

A)on average, males and females share household labor equally.
B)an increasing number of males and females believe household labor should be shared equally, but women still do 2 to 3 times the amount of labor.
C)both males and females believe that household labor is women's work.
D)males and females share household tasks equally, but women do a disproportionate share of child care.
E)males and females share child care equally, but women do a disproportionate share of household tasks.

Question 9

Stella's parents stated that her curfew was midnight, whereas her twin brother, Shane, was allowed to stay out until 1:00. Her parents said that Stella's earlier curfew was because "girls who stay out late get bad reputations-good girls shouldn't be out late." What concept is in play?

A)hidden curriculum
B)gender
C)social capital
D)SES
E)sex

Question 10

How many Black children live in the U.S. with single mothers?

A)8 percent
B)19 percent
C)one-third
D)almost half
E)more than two-thirds

Question 11

About what percentage of Native Americans identify with a specific tribe?

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds
E)three-quarters

Question 12

People who share specific cultural features are referred to as a/an:

A)ethnic group.
B)race.
C)extended group.
D)institutional group.
E)minority group.

Question 13

The number of charges of sex, race, and ethnic discrimination to the U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC)has:

A)declined slightly since 2005.
B)declined by nearly 50 percent since 2005.
C)remained stable over the past 20 years.
D)increased during the 1970s, but has since stabilized.
E)increased since 2005.

Question 14

Which of the following minority groups is the largest in the United States?

A)Hispanics
B)Blacks
C)Asian-Americans
D)Native Americans
E)Alaska Natives

Question 15

Latoya is a Black woman. Her parents were born in Jamaica and Latoya was born in the United States. According to the chapter's definitions:

A)she is African-American.
B)she is not a minority.
C)her race is Black.
D)her ethnicity is Black.
E)she is Caucasian.

Question 16

Ying Liu's mom and dad take their role as parents seriously. They want their daughter to conform to traditional expectations, so they make sure that she is dressed in pretty clothes, that she doesn't get too dirty, that she plays with dolls, and that she doesn't behave in ways that they consider too active or aggressive. This teaching process is called:

A)gender formation.
B)gender socialization.
C)gender profiling.
D)gender discrimination.
E)genderizing.

Question 17

The median wage needed to pay for a two-bedroom rental unit was about __________ per hour in 2009.

A)$10
B)$12
C)$17
D)$23
E)$28

Question 18

Ernesto is a Cuban-American living near Miami in South Florida. Which of the following statements about Ernesto is correct?

A)His race is Hispanic.
B)His ethnicity is Cuban.
C)His ethnicity is Caucasian.
D)He is not a minority because of the large numbers of Cuban-Americans living in South Florida.
E)He doesn't have an ethnicity.

Question 19

Biological differences between men and women and their role in reproduction refers to:

A)sex.
B)agents of socialization.
C)SES.
D)gender.
E)sociological imagination.

Question 20

Social class is usually based on:

A)income, sex, age, and occupational conditions.
B)income, education, and occupational prestige.
C)sex and income.
D)income.
E)income and education.

Question 21

Which is TRUE regarding the middle class?

A)They tend to be highly educated professionals, including physicians, dentists, lawyers, college professors, and business executives.
B)They are the group most likely to be listed in the Social Register.
C)They comprise the majority of Americans.
D)Their incomes are around $40,000-$100,000 a year.
E)They have been nicknamed "bluebloods."

Question 22

Which group is most likely to live in poverty?

A)teenagers
B)children under 18
C)the elderly age 65 and over
D)people who are age 85 and over
E)parents

Question 23

In the past, growth in the U.S. Hispanic population was because of a high birth rate, but today's growth is because of immigration.

Question 24

The poverty threshold is based on:

A)a thrifty food budget, and multiplied by three.
B)half the median income.
C)a third of the median income.
D)national housing costs.
E)the average cost of food, shelter, and clothing in a community.

Question 25

Social mobility refers to:

A)social networking connections which can be a valuable source, including a resource for job leads.
B)the hierarchical ranking of categories of people within society.
C)movement from one social class to another.
D)oversimplified sets of beliefs about a group of people.
E)the process of interaction whereby individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, norms, and values of their society.

Question 26

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)We have multiple statuses, and they interact to shape our lives.
B)We have multiple statuses, but they remain separate and distinct.
C)Females have multiple statuses, but males have only one.
D)Blacks and Whites have multiple statuses, but other groups have only two.
E)Racial groups have multiple statues, which interact, but Whites have only one.

Question 27

Ethnicity is considered a much more useful concept than race because it focuses on cultural, rather than biological, characteristics.

Question 28

Social classes are based most obviously on income and wealth, but also on other resources, such as educational level and your occupational prestige.

Question 29

Food insecurity:

A)is defined as not having enough nourishing food available on a regular basis.
B)affects almost 5 percent of household with children.
C)is measured as the poverty threshold multiplied by three.
D)has been nearly eliminated in the past few decades because of the food stamp program.
E)is a particular problem among the elderly.

Question 30

Patriarchy is found in every country and culture on earth to some degree.

Question 31

Which is NOT one of the aspects of poverty described in your text that causes adverse child outcomes?

A)inadequate health and nutrition
B)lower-quality home environment
C)fewer resources for learning
D)poor-quality neighborhoods
E)difficult social capital

Question 32

Masculinity is an example of "gender."

Question 33

There are only minimal class, racial, and ethnic variations in the gender socialization process.

Question 34

The elderly of Native American and Alaska Native groups have traditionally held high status in their families and communities, reinforcing their cultural identity.

Question 35

Gender socialization occurs both at the micro- and macro-level.

Question 36

A young child's toys and books are examples of agents of socialization..

Question 37

Your Uncle Johnny doesn't like to serve certain racial or ethnic groups in his restaurant because he thinks they will discourage other customers from coming in for a meal. This is an example of institutional discrimination.

Question 38

Your best friend is Cuban-American. I am referring to his race.

Question 39

Which groups in American society are most vulnerable to poverty?

A)Asian-Americans and male-headed households
B)Asian-Americans, Native Americans, and Alaskan natives
C)African-Americans, Hispanics, children, and female-headed households
D)African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and children
E)Hispanics, male-headed households, and Caucasian-Americans

Question 40

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)One study of the linguistic capabilities of young children found that poor children on welfare between the ages of 13 and 36 months hear only half as many words per hour as the average working-class child, and less than one-third the average of a typical child in a professional family.
B)Parents who are living in poor conditions have a high level of stress, depression, and mental health problems related to their situation.
C)Our multiple statuses are distinct and rarely intersect with one another.
D)On average, poor children have fewer resources for learning in the home, including books and educational toys.
E)Guns kill over 3,000 children and teens each year, and is the second leading cause among teens ages 15 to 19.

Question 41

Describe the agents of socialization and how they teach us gendered expectations.

Question 42

Tommy Johnson, as shown in the Diversity in Families box, lived his life in the same social class in which he was born. This box revealed that there is very little __________ in the United States.

Question 43

Which age group is most likely to be poor?

Question 44

About 15 percent of households experienced food insecurity at some point during 2008 as defined by the USDA as not having enough nourishing food available on a regular basis.

Question 45

Sex refers to __________, whereas gender refers to __________.

Question 46

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Question 47

Most Americans are in the middle class.

Question 48

List the three macro-level factors that explain why most women change their name when they marry.

Question 49

Describe the two types of female genital cutting/mutilation that are widely practiced in over two dozen countries.

Question 50

Toys, books, the mass media, schools, and even parents are examples of __________________.

Question 51

Social classes are generally based on:

Question 52

List at least three reasons why Asian-Americans are sometimes nicknamed a "model minority?"

Question 53

__________ refers to having both masculine and feminine traits in near equal proportion.

Question 54

List the six social classes discussed in your text.

Question 55

There is little social mobility in the United States.

Question 56

List at least three characteristics of second (or subsequent)generation Hispanics, compared to first generation.

Question 57

According to Mills, the __________ is a recognition that our private lives and family relationships are affected by what is happening in society; certain categories of people are more likely to experience certain events than are others.

Question 58

__________ represents culture, whereas __________ attempts to represent biological heritage.

Question 59

List the six pathways by which poverty hurts children.

Question 60

This chapter shows that, with careful planning, it is possible to meet all the basic needs of life on an income at or near the poverty line.

Question 61

Describe the consequences of poverty.

Question 62

Describe the ways that your social class affects your family and close relationships.

Question 63

How have you seen patriarchy at work on campus? Write an essay, using examples to back up your argument.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the experiences of Hispanics and Asians in the United States.