Deck 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups

Question 1

In a t-test for dependent means, the null hypothesis could look like this:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The t-test for dependent means is used when you have _______.

A)two groups
B)one group
C)three groups
D)two or more groups

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the formula used to calculate degrees of freedom for a t-test for dependent groups?

A)n − 1
B)n₁ + n₂ − 1
C)n₁ − 1 + n₂
D)n₁ + n₂

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The t-test for dependent means is used when your sample is tested _______.

A)one time
B)two times
C)one or more times
D)two or more times

Question 5

In order to be 99% confident you have not committed a Type I error, at what level should you set your p value?

A).01
B).05
C).10
D).15

Question 6

If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 114 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be _______.

A)113
B)112
C)114
D)115

Question 7

In a t-test for dependent means, the research hypothesis could look like this:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 8

In order to compute the test statistic or t value, you must first approximate the sample size by calculating the _______.

A)pooled variance
B)standard deviation
C)degrees of freedom
D)mean score

Question 9

If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 54 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be _______.

A)54
B)55
C)53
D)56

Question 10

How many subjects were examined based on the following: t₍₂₉₎ = 2.001, p < .05?

A)29
B)30
C)31
D)32

Question 11

In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, the test statistic must be compared against the _______.

A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value

Question 12

If you are hypothesizing that posttest scores will be higher than pretest scores, you should use _______.

A)a one-tailed test
B)a two-tailed test
C)descriptive statistics
D)a t-test for independent means

Question 13

If you want to examine one group of subjects under two different conditions, which statistical technique should you select?

A)regression
B)dependent-samples t-test
C)analysis of variance
D)independent-samples t-test

Question 14

If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)set a higher p value
D)increase the sample size

Question 15

If your degrees of freedom is 24, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______.

A)23
B)25
C)26
D)24

Question 16

In a t-test for dependent samples that examines the difference between a pretest and posttest, what type of hypothesis is used?

A)nondirectional
B)directional
C)null hypothesis
D)experimental

Question 17

If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)accept the research hypothesis
D)decrease your p value

Question 18

In the formula that computes a t value, what does ΣD represent?

A)sum of the differences between groups of scores
B)sum of the means for Group 1
C)sum of the means for Group 2
D)sum of the squared differences

Question 19

The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the _______.

A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value

Question 20

In the following, what are the degrees of freedom: t₍₂₉₎ = 2.001, p < .05?

A)29
B)30
C)31
D)32

Question 21

What is the numerator of the t-test in the dependent-means formula?

A)∑D
B)n
C)M₁ − M₂
D)∑D² (n − 1)

Question 22

Based on the formula for the t-test for dependent means, what does the n represent?

A)sum of the means
B)number of participants
C)number of pairs of observations
D)sum of all scores

Question 23

In running a t-test for dependent means on a group of individuals, how many individuals are there in the group when the degree of freedom is 58?

A)57
B)58
C)59
D)60

Question 24

According to the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, how many individuals were there in the group?

A)77
B)78
C)79
D)80

Question 25

If your degrees of freedom is 98, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______.

A)97
B)99
C)98
D)100

Question 26

If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 96 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be _______.

A)94
B)95
C)96
D)90

Question 27

When calculating a dependent-samples t-test, the order in which you input the posttest score and pretest score can change the t value.If you input the pretest first, the obtained value will be _______.

A)positive
B)negative
C)neutral
D)invalid

Question 28

Which of the following represents degrees of freedom?

A)fd
B)df
C)d
D)f

Question 29

When using a t-test for dependent means, what is true of the sample?

A)There are two different groups.
B)They are the same group.
C)There are more than 50.
D)They are observed once.

Question 30

Which of the following relates to the difference you expect when conducting a t-test?

A)hypothesized mean difference
B)Pearson correlation
C)observations
D)variance

Question 31

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does p < .01 represent?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the degrees of freedom
D)the level of significance

Question 32

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does 1.03 represent?

A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level

Question 33

What is another name for a dependent-samples t-test?

A)single sample
B)double measures
C)repeated measures
D)freed sample

Question 34

Dr.Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between male and female patients' anxiety scores.What is the appropriate test to run?

A)independent-samples t-test
B)factorial ANOVA
C)dependent-samples t-test
D)Pearson correlation

Question 35

What is used to examine the degree of the relationship between variables?

A)hypothesized mean difference
B)correlation
C)observations
D)variance

Question 36

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does t represent?

A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level

Question 37

How many observations are there for each case in a t-test for dependent samples?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)more than three

Question 38

Dr.Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between her patients' anxiety scores before and after they completed a yoga program.What is the appropriate test to run?

A)independent-samples t-test
B)factorial ANOVA
C)dependent-samples t-test
D)Pearson correlation

Question 39

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does 78 represent?

A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level

Question 40

If you are interested in studying the same group under two conditions, what test should you use?

A)independent-samples t-test
B)dependent-samples t-test
C)related-populations t-test
D)correlation coefficient

Question 41

Dr.Moo would like to find out if participants who ate glazed donuts became happier after they ate jelly-filled donuts.What test should you use to determine this?

A)factorial ANOVA
B)independent-samples t-test
C)dependent-samples t-test
D)repeated-measures ANOVA

Question 42

If the critical value is greater than the obtained value, what should you do?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)accept the research hypothesis
D)decrease your p value

Question 43

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t₍₃₈₎ = 4.15, p < .05.You determine that you should ______.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)ignore the null hypothesis
D)fail to ignore the null hypothesis

Question 44

To determine if you should reject a null hypothesis, you should compare the _______ value and the _______ value.

A)estimated; reliable
B)obtained; estimated
C)valid; invalid
D)obtained; critical

Question 45

_______ describes the average score for each variable in a dependent-samples t-test.

A)Mean
B)Variance
C)Standard deviation
D)Standard error

Question 46

To determine if you should accept a null hypothesis, you should compare the ______ value and the ______ value.

A)estimated; reliable
B)obtained; estimated
C)valid; invalid
D)obtained; critical

Question 47

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t₍₃₈₎ = 1.13, p > .05.You determine that you should ______.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)ignore the null hypothesis
D)fail to ignore the null hypothesis

Question 48

In the following, what are the degrees of freedom: t₍₅₈₎ = 5.015, p < .01?

A)56
B)57
C)58
D)59

Question 49

In running a dependent-sample t-test, how many subjects were there in the group based on the following: t₍₅₈₎ = 5.015, p < .01?

A)56
B)57
C)58
D)59

Question 50

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate degrees of freedom for a dependent-samples t-test?

A)k − 1
B)n − 1
C)n(1)
D)k + 1

Question 51

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t₍₃₂₎ = 1.13, p > .05.You determine that you should ______.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)ignore the null hypothesis
D)fail to ignore the null hypothesis

Question 52

In the following, what is the number of .01: t₍₅₈₎ = 5.015, p < .01?

A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)significance level

Question 53

In the following, what is the number of 5.5015: t₍₅₈₎ = 5.015, p < .01?

A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)significance level

Question 54

If the group has 30 individuals, what are the degrees of freedom for a dependent-samples t-test?

A)30 − 1
B)29 − 1
C)28 − 1
D)27 −1

Question 55

In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the ______.

A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value

Question 56

If the critical value is less than the obtained value, what should you do?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)set a higher p value
D)increase the sample size

Question 57

_______ describes what you may have indicated to be the difference you expect back in a dependent-samples t-test.

A)mean difference
B)hypothesized mean difference
C)variance difference
D)degrees of freedom

Question 58

In the following, what is the meaning of t: t₍₅₈₎ = 5.015, p < .01?

A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)significance level

Question 59

The statistical procedure is used to generate the test statistic.What is test statistic known as?

A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value

Question 60

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t₍₂₆₎ = 3.13, p < .05.You determine that you should ______.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)ignore the null hypothesis
D)fail to ignore the null hypothesis

Question 61

Interpret, in words, what it means for a research question that a null hypothesis was accepted.

Question 62

The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for correlated samples.

Question 63

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, the number of .01 refers to significance level.

Question 64

In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the obtained value.

Question 65

Provide an example of a study that would be analyzed using a t-test for dependent samples.

Question 66

Dr.Moo would like to find out if participants who love cats receive more speeding tickets than participants who love dogs.Identify the type of test she would need to use to determine this, and explain your answer.

Question 67

If the obtained value in a dependent-samples t-test exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis cannot be accepted.

Question 68

When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D score?

Question 69

Early education researchers can match two classrooms from different school districts and analyze their hypothesis with a dependent-samples t-test, even if they are not careful about the characteristics of each classroom.

Question 70

Under what circumstances would you use a t-test for dependent samples?

Question 71

When doing a t-test for dependent samples, when would you accept the null hypothesis?

Question 72

Interpret, in words, what it means for a research question that a null hypothesis was rejected.

Question 73

When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D² score?

Question 74

The t-test for dependent means is used in order to determine whether there is a significant difference in the scores of a group of respondents who are tested at two points in time.

Question 75

In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the critical value.

Question 76

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, the number of 78 refers to degrees of freedom.

Question 77

If you want to examine the same group of individuals in two different times, which statistical technique should you select?

A)regression
B)dependent-samples t-test
C)analysis of variance
D)independent-samples t-test

Question 78

What is the difference between a t-test for independent samples and a t-test for dependent samples?

Question 79

The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for doubled samples.

Question 80

When a researcher matches participants from different counseling graduate programs on variables such as age, gender, and a measure of multicultural understanding, the researcher can use a dependent-samples t-test in the study.