Deck 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using Linear Regression

Question 1

In regression, the criterion variable is also known as the _______.

A)dependent variable
B)independent variable
C)predictor variable
D)correlated variable

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is used to illustrate the "best guess" as to the predicted Y variable score based on X?

A)regression equation
B)scatter plot
C)standard error of the estimate
D)regression line

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the distance between each data point and the regression line called?

A)error in prediction
B)standard error of the estimate
C)standard deviation
D)standardized error

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following symbols is associated with the independent variable in the regression equation?

A)X
B) $$Y ^ { \prime }$$
C)a
D)b

Question 5

When computing a predicted value, your second step is to ______.

A)multiply the slope by the independent variable
B)add the slope to the independent variable
C)add the intercept, or a, to the value of step one
D)subtract the constant

Question 6

What is another name for a regression line?

A)line of best fit
B)scatter plot line
C)line graph
D)line of the estimate

Question 7

Which of the following symbols is associated with the slope in the regression equation?

A)X
B) $$Y ^ { \prime }$$
C)a
D)b

Question 8

What can be used as the basis for prediction?

A)t-test
B)correlation
C)F-test
D)Cohen's d

Question 9

If the absolute value of your correlation coefficient is 1, your error in prediction will be _______.

A)very high
B)1
C)0
D)Unknown

Question 10

What statistical technique is used to make predictions of future outcomes based on present data?

A)analysis of variance
B)repeated measures
C)linear regression
D)correlational analysis

Question 11

When adding additional predictors to a regression analysis, you should try to find predictors that are related to _______ but not _______.

A)the independent variable; the dependent variables
B)the dependent variable; the independent variables
C)the predictors; the outcome
D)all main effects; any interaction effect

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula for linear regression?

A)= aY + b
B)= aX + b
C)= bX + a
D)= bY + a

Question 13

How would you represent the predicted score of Y based on a known value of X?

A)y
B)y-intercept
C) $$Y ^ { \prime }$$
D)Y = Xa

Question 14

In a scatter plot, if all data points were aligned along a 45° angle, your correlation would be _______.

A)of medium strength
B)of weak strength
C)perfect
D)0

Question 15

Which of the following symbols is associated with the y-intercept in the regression equation?

A)X
B) $$Y ^ { \prime }$$
C)a
D)b

Question 16

When computing a predicted value, you first ______.

A)add the slope to the value of the independent variable
B)multiply the slope by the value of the independent variable
C)add the constant to the value of the independent variable
D)subtract the constant from the value of the independent variable

Question 17

To predict one variable from another, you must first ______.

A)compute the mean
B)compute the standard deviation
C)compute the correlation
D)compute the variance

Question 18

If the absolute value of your correlation is very close to 0, your error in prediction will be _______.

A)high
B)low
C)very low
D)0

Question 19

More accurate predictions are associated with ______.

A)correlations having higher absolute values
B)correlations having lower absolute values
C)correlations having higher values
D)correlations having lower values

Question 20

Which of the following symbols is associated with the predicted score in the regression equation?

A)X
B) $Y ^ { \prime }$
C)a
D)b

Question 21

Using the regression formula with a slope = 1,000 and an intercept = 25,000, what would the predicted income be for someone who has 20 years of education?

A)$40,000
B)$42,000
C)$45,000
D)$47,000

Question 22

What must be used to examine an outcome that is predicted from two independent variables?

A)multivariate regression
B)multiple regression
C)simple regression
D)complicated regression

Question 23

Which of the following is also known as a regression weight?

A)X
B) $$Y ^ { \prime }$$
C)a
D)b

Question 24

A positive trend line is associated with what type of slope?

A)negative slope
B)direct slope
C)positive slope
D)nondirectional slope

Question 25

If you are trying to predict Y scores from X scores, Y is referred to as the _______.

A)nominal variable
B)independent variable
C)predictor variable
D)criterion variable

Question 26

Using the regression formula with a slope = 2,000 and an intercept = 15,000, what would the predicted income be for someone who has 16 years of education?

A)$40,000
B)$42,000
C)$45,000
D)$47,000

Question 27

When using two predictor variables, these variables should be _______.

A)correlated
B)related
C)independent
D)dependent

Question 28

Which of the following is the point at which the regression line crosses the y-axis?

A)intercept
B)predicted point
C)criterion point
D)slope

Question 29

Based on the formula for a regression line, what does a represent?

A)known value of X
B)slope of a line
C)y-intercept
D)predictor score

Question 30

In the multiple-regression formula, what does X₂ represent?

A)value of the second dependent variable
B)value of the second independent variable
C)value of the criterion variable
D)value of the predicted score

Question 31

What must be done to categorical variables in order to use them in a regression analysis?

A)nothing
B)dummy coding
C)problem coding
D)categorical coding

Question 32

A regression equation can be visually represented on a(n) _______.

A)histogram
B)scatter plot
C)ogive
D)pie chart

Question 33

The general formula for a regression line is _______.

A)a² + b² = c²
B)aX + b = Y
C)bX + a =
D)dX + a =

Question 34

Which of the following determines the direction of the regression line?

A)intercept
B)predicted score
C)criterion score
D)slope

Question 35

If you are trying to predict Y scores from X scores, X is referred to as the _______.

A)nominal variable
B)dependent variable
C)predictor variable
D)criterion variable

Question 36

Using the regression formula with a slope = .704 and an intercept = .719, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 3.2?

A)2.69
B)2.97
C)3.00
D)3.20

Question 37

If the correlation between X and Y is equal to −1.0, what do we know about the prediction of Y by X?

A)It's weak.
B)It's positive.
C)It's perfect.
D)It's direct.

Question 38

Based on the formula for a regression line, what does b represent?

A)known value of X
B)slope of a line
C)y-intercept
D)predictor score

Question 39

How is the symbol interpreted?

A)Y intercept
B)Y predictor
C)Y prime
D)Y score

Question 40

Which of the following is like a standard deviation for all error scores in regression?

A)error of the estimate
B)error standard deviation
C)standard error of the estimate
D)precision of error score

Question 41

Using the regression formula with a slope = .704 and an intercept = .719, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 4.2?

A)3.68
B)2.97
C)3.00
D)3.20

Question 42

If you are trying to predict Y scores from X scores, Y is referred to as the ______.

A)nominal variable
B)dependent variable
C)predictor variable
D)criterion variable

Question 43

If the absolute value of your correlation is 0.1 your error in prediction will be ______.

A)high
B)low
C)very low
D)0

Question 44

In a scatter plot, if all data points were aligned along a 44° angle, your correlation would be ______.

A)medium strength
B)low strength
C)high strength
D)0

Question 45

Using the regression formula with a slope = 2,000 and an intercept = 15,000, what would the predicted income be for someone who has 5 years of education?

A)$25,000
B)$42,000
C)$45,000
D)$47,000

Question 46

If the absolute value of your correlation is 0.9, your error in prediction will be ______.

A)high
B)low
C)very low
D)0

Question 47

Using the regression formula with a slope = .504 and an intercept = .719, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 3.2?

A)2.69
B)2.33
C)3.00
D)3.20

Question 48

Using the regression formula with a slope = .704 and an intercept = .919, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 3.2?

A)2.69
B)2.97
C)3.00
D)3.17

Question 49

If you are trying to predict Y scores from X scores, X is referred to as the ______.

A)nominal variable
B)independent variable
C)dependent variable
D)criterion variable

Question 50

Using the regression formula with a slope = .704 and an intercept = .319, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 3.2?

A)2.57
B)2.33
C)3.61
D)3.20

Question 51

A predicted variable is also known as a(n) ______.

A)outcome variable
B)independent variable
C)nominal variable
D)categorical variable

Question 52

Using the regression formula with a slope = .904 and an intercept = .719, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 3.2?

A)2.69
B)2.33
C)3.61
D)3.20

Question 53

A criterion variable is also known as a(n) ______.

A)independent variable
B)dependent variable
C)nominal variable
D)categorical variable

Question 54

Using the regression formula with a slope = .704 and an intercept = .719, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 2.2?

A)2.69
B)2.97
C)3.00
D)2.27

Question 55

Not all lines that are the best fit for a bunch of data points are straight.Rather, they could be _______.

A)linear
B)invalid
C)curvilinear
D)parallel-linear

Question 56

Using the regression formula with a slope = 2,000 and an intercept = 15,000, what would the predicted income be for someone who has 25 years of education?

A)$40,000
B)$42,000
C)$45,000
D)$65,000

Question 57

Linear regression uses correlations between variables as the basis for the prediction of the value of one variable based on the value of another.

Question 58

Using the regression formula with a slope = 2,000 and an intercept = 15,000, what would the predicted income be for someone who has 35 years of education?

A)$40,000
B)$42,000
C)$45,000
D)$85,000

Question 59

When determining the number of predictor variables to use to predict a criterion variable, you need to keep all of the following guidelines in mind, except ______.

A)the unique contribution of each predictor
B)the practical costs of adding new predictors
C)the relationship between predictors and the criterion variable
D)the length of the dialog box

Question 60

In multiple regression, added variables must be related to the outcome variable but ______.

A)correlated with and unrelated to each other
B)independent of and correlated with each other
C)independent of and uncorrelated with each other
D)dependent of and uncorrelated with each other

Question 61

How is the regression line related to the correlation coefficient?

Question 62

What is linear regression?

Question 63

Simple linear regression consists of a type of regression in which more than one independent variable is included in the analysis.

Question 64

Why do we use and not Y in the regression equation?

Question 65

In linear regression, the outcome variable is called the criterion or dependent variable.

Question 66

What is the standard error of estimate?

Question 67

The standard error of estimate tells you how much imprecision there is overall in regard to the predictive power of the linear regression analysis.

Question 68

Standard error of estimate is computed as the variance of all values for error in prediction.

Question 69

The regression line reflects the best estimate of predicted scores for the independent variable based on levels of the dependent variable.

Question 70

A perfect correlation would translate into perfect prediction in the case of linear regression.

Question 71

What important guideline should you keep in mind when choosing independent variables for multiple regression?

Question 72

Why is the regression line called the line of best fit?

Question 73

What does a unique contribution mean for a variable?

Question 74

If the correlation between variable X and variable Y is perfect, what do you know about the prediction?

Question 75

The higher the absolute value of the correlation coefficient, the less accurate the prediction is of one variable based on the other variable.

Question 76

How does linear regression differ from multiple regression?

Question 77

Error in prediction (error of estimate) is calculated as the distance between each individual data point and the regression line.

Question 78

In linear regression, a regression equation is determined, which can be used to plot a regression line.

Question 79

What does the regression line represent?