Deck 3: Factors Influencing the Research Process

Question 1

Interpretive researchers focus on isolating and objectively measuring causes.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A probabilistic explanation takes the form

A) ​x is always y.
B) ​x is never y.
C) ​x tends to be y.
D) ​x is y if a and b are true.
E) ​None of the above is probabilistic.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If the job turnover rate among child welfare workers with social work degrees is 10 percent per year, while the turnover rate among their counterparts without social work degrees is 50 percent per year, then a relationship exists between type of degree and turnover rate.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The nomothetic model is inevitably probabilistic in its approach to causation. s possible.​

Question 5

In reality, everything in human behavior can be explained entirely by factors we can identify.​

Question 6

Social work practice models are mutually exclusive; that is, they do not overlap.​

Question 7

Researchers must choose either deductive methods or inductive methods; they cannot use both when studying the same research question.​

Question 8

"African American" is a variable that has the attribute of "ethnicity."​

Question 9

An ideology is:​

A) ​a paradigm that is open to questioning
B) ​a theory of ideas.
C) ​a closed system of beliefs and values.
D) ​None of the above.

Question 10

In the hypothesis, "Parental praise increases child self-esteem, level of self-esteem is the dependent variable.​

Question 11

Contemporary positivists pursue objectivity in assessing social reality, but recognize that observation and measurement cannot be as purely objective as the ideal image that science implies.​

Question 12

A frame of reference for interpreting the world is referred to as a​

A) ​paradigm.
B) ​theory.
C) ​hypothesis.
D) ​law.
E) ​concept.

Question 13

Scientific inquiry is a process involving an alternation of deduction and induction.​

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the idiographic model?​

A) ​A study of one client, seeking to understand the causes of the client's problems and what is effective in helping the client.
B) ​A study of 200 clients, seeking to generalize about whether ethnicity is related to premature termination of services.
C) ​Quantitative studies using graphs of population trends. ion of services.
D) ​Studies that reject the idea of determinism. ion of services.

Question 15

​The idiographic model seeks to understand everything about a particular case, through the use of as many causative factors as possible.

Question 16

The empowerment paradigm focuses on using research to empower oppressed groups.​

Question 17

In deduction we start from observed data and develop a generalization that explains the relationship between the observed concepts.​

Question 18

​Which of the following is an attribute? :

A) ​Religion.
B) ​Female.
C) Occupation.​
D) ​Socioeconomic status.

Question 19

A study that attempts to gather data as ammunition for advocating for a particular cause is being guided by what paradigm?​

A) ​early positivism.
B) ​post positivism.
C) ​interpretivism.
D) ​critical social science.

Question 20

Marxism is an example of:​

A) ​an ideology.
B) ​a paradigm.
C) ​a theory.
D) ​interpretivism.

Question 21

Comparing ideologies and paradigms, which of the following is true?​

A) ​a paradigm organizes our observations and makes sense of them.
B) ​an ideology is a closed system of values and beliefs.
C) ​a paradigm does not tell us the answer.
D) ​paradigms are frequently discarded.
E) ​All are true except D.

Question 22

A study that attempts to maximize precision and objectivity in testing whether an intervention reduces an undesirable behavior is being guided by what paradigm?​

A) ​postmodernism.
B) ​contemporary positivism.
C) ​interpretivism.
D) ​critical social science.

Question 23

The expectation that increased education leads to a reduction in prejudice illustrates

A) ​a relationship between variables.
B) ​the notion of causation.
C) ​the associations that might logically be expected to exist between particular attributes of different variables.
D) ​a hypothesis.
E) ​all of the above.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is/are true about the hypothesis: Child welfare workers with social work degrees have a are more effective in preventing child maltreatment than are child welfare workers without a social work degree?​

A) ​Type of degree is the dependent variable.
B) ​Child maltreatment is the independent variable.
C) ​Social workers is a variable.
D) ​All of the above are true.
E) ​None of the above is true.

Question 25

How are theory and research linked? Give examples.​

Question 26

Contrast the inductive model of theory construction with the deductive model. Give examples of research that use each of these models.​

Question 27

Which of the following illustrates the use of the inductive method?

A) ​hypothesis, observations, accept or reject hypothesis.
B) ​observations, pattern finding, and generalizations.
C) ​theory, hypothesis, observations, generalizations.
D) ​theory, observations, and generalizations.
E) ​generalizations, theory, and observations.

Question 28

A study that attempts to develop an in-depth subjective understanding of a unique population is being guided by what paradigm?​

A) ​early positivism.
B) ​post positivism.
C) ​interpretivism.
D) ​critical social science.

Question 29

Discuss how two social work practice models might lead to different hypotheses about school social work with children who are disruptive in the classroom.​

Question 30

Which of the following are variables?

A) ​female, Jewish, high school graduate.
B) ​plumber, professor, dentist.
C) ​occupation, political party preference, birth date.
D) ​21, violent, poor.
E) ​none of the above.

Question 31

​Research studies that do not involve theory:

A) ​are useless.
B) ​cannot develop implications for theory advancement.
C) ​can have value.
D) ​none of the above.

Question 32

Suppose a study finds a relationship in which neglectful parents who abuse alcohol or drugs are more likely to benefit from intervention A, while neglectful parents who do NOT abuse alcohol or drugs are more likely to benefit from intervention B. Identify the two variables and four attributes in that relationship.​

Question 33

Discuss the difference between idiographic and nomothetic causal models of understanding.​

Question 34

Which of the following statements is/are true about theory: of services.​

A) ​It is a set of paradigms.
B) ​It is a set of values.
C) ​It a systematic set of interrelated statements that can help make sense of patterns in diverse observations.
D) ​all of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is/are not true about social work practice models?

A) ​Some models expand over time, encompassing new areas of research findings and theory.
B) ​Distinctions between some models can become blurred over time.
C) ​One's orientation to a practice model can influence the way one chooses to conduct a research study.
D) ​All of the above are true.
E) ​None of the above is true.

Question 36

Explain how a study could be conducted within the critical social science paradigm using research methods associated with the positivist paradigm.​

Question 37

Explain the differences between the positivist, interpretivist and critical theory paradigms.​

Question 38

An independent variable is

A) ​a theoretical concept.
B) ​a variable influencing other variables.
C) ​a variable influenced by other variables.
D) ​a set of attributes.
E) ​either b or c, depending upon the variable.