Deck 16: Production Scheduling for Manufacturing and Service Operations

Question 1

Master production scheduling answers the question: Which department is going to do what work?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Statement A: Bottlenecks are not caused by the mismatching of machinery and people working in job shops.Statement B: Bottlenecks are caused by mismatching process flow rates in the flow shop.Statements A and B are evidently correct and not contradictory.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In terms of processing times,FIFO is often a random sequence-without regard to SPT.This is true when any length job is as likely to enter the shop first as any other.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Loading assigns work at the facilities and specifies the order in which jobs should be done.

Question 5

Sequencing answers the question: What is the order in which the work will be done?

Question 6

Gantt layout charts provide work schedule control and they are a great help in determining the best work sequences.

Question 7

In the V process,work begins upstream at the tributaries and flows downstream to the trunk,encountering various bottlenecks along the way.

Question 8

The theory of constraints was not developed to deal rationally with bottleneck-based finite production scheduling.

Question 9

The final step of production scheduling assigns actual jobs to designated facilities with unambiguous stipulations that they be completed at specific times.

Question 10

The costs of not making the best possible assignments of a set of jobs to facilities and vice verse are opportunity costs.

Question 11

The average amount of time it takes to complete each job in the group is the mean flow time.

Question 12

To reduce wastefulness of queues,the OPT system (optimum production technique,aka optimized production technology,aka the theory of constraints) recommends feeding the bottleneck.

Question 13

When sequencing models are used,it is assumed that (tᵢ) includes: 1.job set-up time,2.work processing or operations times,and 3.waiting times.

Question 14

To create standard hours it is not necessary to assume that strict proportionality exists between the productivity rates of the machines.

Question 15

FIFO is an appealing sequencing policy because it seems to be the fairest rule to follow.Sometimes-to emphasize the fair treatment sense-it is called "first-come,first-serve" (FCFS).

Question 16

Total flow time is the cumulative time required to complete a group of jobs.

Question 17

Time buffers are the same as stock buffers: They both specify the amount of work that the bottleneck can keep doing if any of its other suppliers are shut off.

Question 18

Profit opportunity cost is the cost of assigning a job to a facility that results in not having the best possible profit.The opportunity cost is the difference between best and actual.

Question 19

The bottleneck is the slowest machine in the line.It sets the pace of the process.

Question 20

Time reserves are maintained by means of the communication links that the managers of finite scheduling call ropes.

Question 21

The Gantt layout chart shows the job schedule at each facility and the state of completion of all jobs.

Question 22

Small benefits in highly repetitive environments can add up to a substantial cash savings or profit accumulation.

Question 23

When there are many jobs and facilities,sequencing rules have diminishing economic importance.

Question 24

Shop loading is required to assign specific jobs or teams to specific facilities.

Question 25

Bottlenecks need to be taken into account,and the goal of synchronized manufacturing requires coordination of the entire job shop with respect to the mix of jobs that is being orchestrated.

Question 26

Variability of the order mix is a factor in planning capacity which requires taking corrective actions during aggregate scheduling.

Question 27

Shifting of job requirements can lead to an unbalanced load among departments which often happens after decisions have been made which tend to be irreversible.

Question 28

Often the revenue is rⱼ because it is a function of the job,j,and not the machine,i.

Question 29

The assignment model provides solutions when jobs compete for facilities and where it is desirable to split some job assignments.

Question 30

A major objective of loading is to spread the load so that waiting is minimized,flow is smooth and slow,and congestion is avoided.

Question 31

Sequencing inflexibility occurs when the updating of charts (redrawing them) is supported by software.

Question 32

P/OM decisions must often be made with fast data scans,also know as eyeballing,that rely on the assistance of charts such as the Gantt load chart.

Question 33

The systems approach is called for so that the total number of assignments that are made by the scheduler is minimized.

Question 34

By using a ratio,the production scheduler who is doing the sequencing gains greater control over the factors.

Question 35

The Gantt layout chart is updated once a week.

Question 36

If the average completion tim e is as small as possible,the average customer's order is delayed the minimum necessary time.This can be a primary objective in determining rational loading priorities.

Question 37

When determining flow times,beginning at time zero with the first job is the same as saying that release time,called rᵢ,equals zero.This might be the start of a new day,week,etc.

Question 38

The assignment of work and its timing need to be orchestrated.

Question 39

Production scheduling plans are accomplished by the shop loading function and the sequencing function for the job shop.

Question 40

For each machine,when the SMH index is divided by the actual machine hours available per week,the standard machine hours (SMH) available per week are obtained.

Question 41

Gantt charts deal with the system's realities of loading for production scheduling.

Question 42

The restrictive assumption is that the SMH index for each machine applies to all jobs.This is called the

A)assumption of productive equality.
B)assumption of output rationality.
C)presumption of productive proportionality.
D)presumption of output proportionality.

Question 43

When split assignments are allowed,the transportation method cannot be used.Instead,turn to the assignment method.

Question 44

The backlog is generally much larger than the work in process which can be seen as work waiting on the shop floor of facility.Some managers brag about how much work is waiting.It is taken as a sign of success.

Question 45

Gantt charts _____.

A)deal with the system's realities of loading for production scheduling
B)show which jobs have not started that should have started
C)indicate progress toward completion
D)all of the above

Question 46

If jobs are the rows and facilities are the columns of an assignment problem,(see Table 16-1),then _____ yields the opportunity costs at a given facility for assigning various jobs that are not the best jobs for that facility.

A) column subtraction
B) division by the costs
C) row subtraction
D) line subtraction

Question 47

The chart that reserves specific times at the various facilities for the actual jobs that have been assigned is called a _____ chart.

A)load layout
B)Gantt layout
C)sequencing layout chart
D)Gantt project chart

Question 48

What ratio is produced when each job's operation time tᵢ is divided by the relative importance of that job,wᵢ?

A)sequencing ratio
B)priority ratio
C)critical ratio
D)none of the above

Question 49

The assignment method is used to

A)minimize opportunity costs.
B)minimize column or row opportunity costs.
C)maximize opportunity costs.
D)maximize utilities.

Question 50

Good Gantt charting prevents split assignments that improve productivity and quality.

Question 51

_____ developed resource plans based on forecasts of orders in generic units such as standard hours.

A)The master production schedule (MPS)
B)Linear programming
C)Aggregate scheduling
D)Material requirements planning (MRP)

Question 52

If the average completion tim e is as small as possible,the average customer's order is delayed the minimum necessary time.This can be a primary objective in determining rational sequence priorities.

Question 53

The flow shop system is pre-designed to optimize production throughput by using synchronization of the production schedule at all workstations.

Question 54

Variability in the loading mix is a difficult problem because the time for resource planning is long past.

Question 55

What no-splitting-allowed method provides production schedulers with a decision model for matching jobs with facilities in an optimal way?

A)transportation method
B)Gantt loading method
C)sequencing by SPT method
D)assignment method

Question 56

A determinant of what type of job shop system exists is

A)the size of jobs.
B)the number of alternative facilities for doing each job.
C)setup costs and times.
D)length of production runs.
E)all of the above

Question 57

_____ is (are) designed to eliminate all bottlenecks by preengineering.

A)Flow shops
B)Synchronized manufacturing
C)Continuous processes
D)both a and c
E)both a and b

Question 58

Sequencing jobs according to their shortest processing times is called the

A)LPT rule.
B)SPT rule.
C)flow sequencing rule.
D)STP rule.
E)FIFO rule.

Question 59

Shop floor control is part of

A)loading.
B)loading and sequencing.
C)master production scheduling.
D)Gantt charting.

Question 60

S.M.Johnson's algorithm derives the minimum completion times for all "no passing" cases."No passing" means:

A)the order of processing jobs through the first facility must be preserved at the last facility.
B)the order of processing jobs through the first facility must be preserved for the next facility.
C)the order of processing jobs through the first facility must be preserved for all subsequent facilities.
D)none of the above

Question 61

Gantt load charts show what kind of information?

A)Certain departments have reserved time for preventative maintenance.
B)Particular jobs cannot be split up.
C)For resolution of due date problems,cumulative backlog data can be shown for the current week and the prior week.
D)a,b,and c
E)the competitive situation.

Question 62

The bottleneck's processing rate is called _____ because _____.

A)the drum;it sets the production rate for all activities from upstream to downstream
B)the drum;it synchronizes only bottleneck activities
C)the buffer;the bottleneck queue sets the waiting time at that point
D)none of the above

Question 63

For synchronized manufacturing,complex flow patterns are analyzed by

A)locating the bottleneck.
B)making sure it is feasible to increase the throughput rate of the bottleneck.
C)determining appropriate time buffers.
D)all of the above

Question 64

To reduce the wastefulness of jobs waiting in queues,the _____ system recommends feeding the bottleneck.

A)theory of constraints (TOC)
B)synchronized orchestral
C)optimum production technique (OPT)
D)Taguchi finite scheduling
E)a and c are equivalent

Question 65

For the transportation model in Section 16-5 of the text,which of the symbols below is the profit per piece for each i,j cell?

A)II_ij
B)PR_ij
C)p_ij
D)r_ij

Question 66

_____ decisions must often be made with fast data scans that rely on the assistance of graphics such as the Gantt load chart.

A)Marketing
B)Finance
C)P/OM
D)all of the above

Question 67

Too much job waiting is called _____.

A)underloading
B)overloading
C)idle time
D)backordering

Question 68

_____ and _____ are done over and over again in a typical job shop.

A)Forecasting;assigning
B)Loading;assigning
C)Loading;sequencing
D)Assigning;loading

Question 69

For the transportation model in the text,which one of the symbols below is the profit per standard hour for each i,j cell?

A)II_ij
B)PR_ij
C)p_ij
D)c_ij

Question 70

Constant matching of estimated and actual times

A)shows whether the backlog is increasing,decreasing,or staying about the same.
B)reveals the knowledge and skill of the schedulers.
C)highlights bottlenecks and problem areas.
D)reveals scheduled work not completed.

Question 71

The reason that the best possible assignments cannot be made for every job is

A)many job assignments cannot be split.
B)jobs compete with each other for available time at facilities for which they are best suited.
C)best assignments are a matter of opinion.
D)assignments are temporary and conditions change.

Question 72

The bottleneck's processing rate is called the _____ in OPT and TOC terms.

A)rope
B)buffer
C)drum
D)batch

Question 73

Flow control can result in smaller lot sizes being made more often.This is called

A)drum-buffer-rope.
B)time buffer theory.
C)finite scheduling.
D)continuous scheduling.

Question 74

Each facility carries a backlog of work called _____.

A)the bottleneck
B)the load
C)burden
D)work-in-process (WIP)

Question 75

The rows in the Gantt load chart represent what kinds of resources?

A)stations
B)departments
C)people
D)all of the above

Question 76

The span of protection in TOC is called the _____.It is varied to protect (plant activities) against disruption of the production processes.

A)drum-buffer-rope
B)finite scheduling
C)constraints
D)time buffer

Question 77

The _____ model is based on opportunity costs,which are the costs of not making the best possible assignments of jobs to facilities and vice versa.

A)SPT
B)subtraction
C)sequencing
D)assignment

Question 78

A criterion that must be satisfied for using the transportation approach to shop loading is

A)reasonable proportionality exists between machine output rates.
B)when the conditions for SMH apply,a heuristic modification of the transportation method is tried.
C)work is assigned to the facilities without regard to the order in which the jobs are performed.
D)none of the above

Question 79

When work is going to be late,or it is expected to miss the due date,it is said to be

A)imperfect.
B)backlogged.
C)an opportunity cost.
D)a loss function.

Question 80

On the face of it,the most natural arrangement for doing work is in the order that the jobs are received.This is the same as

A)random walk selection.
B)LIFO.
C)FOFI.
D)FIFO.