Deck 9: Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Question 1

If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid,the next step in genetic engineering is

A)transformation of E.coli with Ti plasmid.
B)splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
C)transformation of an animal cell.
D)inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
E)inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a

A)library.
B)clone.
C)vector.
D)Southern blot.
E)PCR.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it

A)lacks exons.
B)lacks introns.
C)contains selectable markers.
D)can form very large DNA segments.
E)is very easy to isolate.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 9.3
The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting.What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques?

A)frost retardant
B)Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
C)nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)
D)glyphosate-resistant crops
E)pectinase

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures?

A)self-replication
B)large size
C)has a selectable marker
D)circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome
E)may replicate in several species

Question 7

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G↓AATTC.Which of the following is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI?

A)All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.
B)All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G.
C)Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G.
D)All of the DNA will have blunt ends.
E)All of the DNA will be circular.

Question 8

Which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA? GCATGGATCCCAATGC

Question 9

Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a

A)library.
B)clone.
C)vector.
D)Southern blot.
E)PCR.

Question 10

Figure 9.1

In Figure 9.1,after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme,what is the smallest piece containing the entire ampicillin-resistance (amp)gene?

A)0)17 kbp
B)0)25 kbp
C)1)08 kbp
D)1)50 kbp
E)3)00 kbp

Question 11

Which of the following is an advantage of using E.coli to make a human gene product?

A)Endotoxin may be in the product.
B)It does not secrete most proteins.
C)Its genes are well known.
D)It cannot process introns.
E)Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.

Question 12

Figure 9.4
In Figure 9.4,the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media containing ampicillin and X-gal will

A)form blue,ampicillin-resistant colonies.
B)form blue,ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
C)form white,ampicillin-resistant colonies.
D)form white,ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
E)not grow.

Question 13

The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints.What is the third step?

A)Collect DNA.
B)Digest with a restriction enzyme.
C)Perform electrophoresis.
D)Lyse cells.
E)Add stain.

Question 14

The most important property of a DNA vector is

A)its ability to replicate within the cell.
B)the size of the vector.
C)the fact that it contains a marker.
D)that it contains an ability to integrate into the chromosome.
E)that the inserted genes that lack exons.

Question 15

Figure 9.1

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 16

Biotechnology involves the

A)use of microorganisms to make desired products.
B)use of animal cells to make vaccines.
C)development of disease-resistant crop plants.
D)use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines.
E)use of microorganisms to make desired products,the use of animal cells to make vaccines,and the development of disease-resistant crop plants.

Question 17

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is

A)DNA → mRNA.
B)mRNA → cDNA.
C)mRNA → protein.
D)DNA → DNA.
E)tRNA → mRNA.

Question 18

Figure 9.2

In Figure 9.2,the enzyme in step 1 is

A)DNA polymerase.
B)DNA ligase.
C)RNA polymerase.
D)reverse transcriptase.
E)spliceosome.

Question 19

Figure 9.2

In Figure 9.2,the enzyme in step 2 is

A)DNA polymerase.
B)DNA ligase.
C)RNA polymerase.
D)reverse transcriptase.
E)spliceosome.

Question 20

Place the steps of constructing a genomic library in order.
I)Digest phage with restriction enzyme.
II)Lyse cells of interest and precipitate DNA.
III)Introduce constructs via transformation into competent E.coli cells.
IV)Perform ligation reaction with genome fragments and phage.
V)Digest genomic DNA with restriction enzyme.

A)V,IV,I,III.II.
B)I,II,III,IV,V.
C)II,I,III,V,IV.
D)II,V,I,IV,III.
E)IV,II,III,I,V.

Question 21

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to

A)prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
B)kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment.
C)delete genes necessary for modified organism's growth.
D)provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides.
E)provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms.

Question 22

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR.After 3 replication cycles,how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)16
E)thousands

Question 23

Accomplishments of rDNA methods for agriculture include

A)antisense DNA to prevent softening of tomatoes.
B)Pseudomonas expressing Bt toxin.
C)disease resistant food animals.
D)antisense DNA and disease resistant food animals.
E)antisense DNA,Bt-expressing Pseudomonas and disease resistant food animals.

Question 24

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells.A new,rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV)DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam.The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below.What is the second step?

A)Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.
B)Lyse human cells.
C)Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.
D)Add enzyme substrate.
E)The order is unimportant.

Question 25

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is

A)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B)Thermus aquaticus.
C)Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
D)Bacillus thuringiensis.
E)Pseudomonas.

Question 26

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?

A)gene guns
B)protoplast fusion
C)Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
D)microinjection
E)electroporation

Question 27

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order?
1)Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands;
2)Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis;
3)Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization.

A)1,2,3
B)3,2,1
C)1,3,2
D)2;1;3
E)3;1;2

Question 28

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

A)replica plating possible.
B)direct selection possible.
C)the recombinant cell dangerous.
D)the recombinant cell unable to survive.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive.You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid.This is done by

A)irradiating the cells.
B)site-directed mutagenesis.
C)enrichment.
D)selective breeding.
E)selection.

Question 30

Figure 9.5

In Figure 9.5,the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are

A)HindIII,BamHI,and EcoRI.
B)ampᴿ and lacZ.
C)ori.
D)ampᴿ and ori.
E)lacZ and ori.

Question 31

The Human Genome Project,which was completed in 2003,was focused on

A)identifying all of the genes in the human genome.
B)determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
C)determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.
D)finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.
E)cloning all of the genes of the human genome.

Question 32

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene.The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase.This process is

A)translation.
B)restriction mapping.
C)transformation.
D)PCR.
E)site-directed mutagenesis.

Question 33

A restriction fragment is

A)a gene.
B)a segment of DNA.
C)a segment of mRNA.
D)a segment of tRNA.
E)cDNA.

Question 34

Figure 9.5

In Figure 9.5,the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is

A)HindIII.
B)ampᴿ.
C)ori.
D)EcoRI.
E)lacZ.

Question 35

In the Southern blot technique,which of the following is NOT required?

A)transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose
B)addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
C)restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
D)electrophoresis to separate fragments
E)addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA

Question 36

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X.
1-Translation
2-Restriction enzyme
3-Prokaryotic transcription
4-DNA ligase
5-Transformation
6-Eukaryotic transcription
7-Reverse transcription
Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

A)5,2,3,4,7,6,1
B)1,2,3,5,4,7,6
C)6,7,2,3,4,5,1
D)6,7,2,4,5,3,1
E)6,2,1,3,4,5,7

Question 37

Figure 9.5

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E.coli?

A)microinjection
B)transformation
C)gene guns
D)Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium

Question 38

The field of proteomics concerns itself with

A)identifying an organism that makes improved enzymes.
B)discovering the function of genes from a genetic sequence.
C)determining all of the proteins expressed by a cell.
D)synthesizing proteins from altered genetic sequences.
E)identifying pathogens using RFLPs.

Question 39

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases,such as hepatitis B?

A)RNA interference (RNAi)
B)complementary DNA (cDNA)
C)reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D)tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)
E)DNA fingerprinting

Question 40

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?

A)DNA fingerprints
B)restriction fragment length polymorphisms
C)reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D)DNA fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms
E)DNA fingerprints,restriction fragment length polymorphisms,and reverse-transcriptase PCR(rtPCR)

Question 41

One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E.coli.

Question 42

The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.

Question 43

In recombinant DNA technology,a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA,such as a plasmid or viral genome.

Question 44

The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is

A)bioinformatics.
B)proteomics.
C)reverse genetics.
D)forensic microbiology.
E)metagenomics.

Question 45

The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.

Question 46

One advantage of a viral vector over a plasmid vector is that the

A)viral vector can accept much larger pieces of DNA.
B)plasmid vector is circular.
C)viral vector can accept a PCR fragment.
D)viral vector can harbor a selection marker.
E)the viral vector can accept larger pieces of DNA and the plasmid vector is circular.

Question 47

Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.

Question 48

An advantage of using Saccharomyces cerevisiae over Escherichia coli to produce a human protein is that

A)it will be more likely to continuously secrete the protein.
B)it will be less likely to express the protein.
C)it has a genome only 4 times larger than E.coli.
D)its genome is well understood unlike E.coli.
E)it can be engineered to produce human proteins unlike E.coli.

Question 49

Choose the best pair to complete the following sentence.While ________ is/are responsible for the diversity of life,________ is/are responsible for shaping a population with organisms possessing characteristics that enhance survival.

A)vectors;rDNA.
B)microbes;DNA.
C)properties;vectors.
D)selection;mutations.
E)mutations;selection.

Question 50

Nearly all cells,including E.coli and yeast,naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.

Question 51

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA?

A)reverse transcription
B)RNA processing to remove introns
C)transcription
D)translation

Question 52

The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products.

Question 53

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because

A)the DNA primer is specific to particular target DNA sequences.
B)DNA polymerase will replicate any bacterial DNA.
C)DNA can be electrophoresed.
D)all cells have DNA.
E)all cells have RNA.

Question 54

The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits,such as high crop yield,is called natural selection.

Question 55

Restriction enzymes function as

A)bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.
B)bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
C)animal enzymes that splice RNA.
D)viral enzymes that destroy host DNA.

Question 56

A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms,such as bacterial,fungal,and plant cells.

Question 57

The random shotgun method is used in

A)amplification of unknown DNA.
B)transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA.
C)genome sequencing.
D)RFLP analysis.
E)forensic microbiology.

Question 58

The fact that people continue to be concerned about the safety of DNA technology can be attributed to the following:

A)It is impossible to prove something is safe under all conceivable conditions.
B)Science can definitively disprove hypotheses but can only provide supporting evidence for hypotheses.
C)People are suspicious of science,in general.
D)There is mounting scientific evidence that DNA technology is unsafe.
E)Both that it is impossible to prove something is safe under all conditions and that science can only provide supporting evidence for hypotheses.

Question 59

The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns.

Question 60

RNAi technology involves

A)introducing a vector with an siRNA sequence into a cell.
B)stimulating reverse transcriptase to produce mRNA.
C)preventing protein production by destroying specific mRNA.
D)sequencing small pieces of the genome and assembling them with a computer.
E)both introducing siRNA into a cell and destroying specific mRNA.

Question 61

Pseudomonas syringae is found naturally in the soil.Sold as Snomax,it is used to make snow at ski resorts.The same bacterium with a gene deletion (Ice-minus)is used to prevent ice formation on plants.Should Snomax and Ice-minus be considered modified organisms and subject to precautions of releasing genetically modified organisms? Explain why or why not.

Question 62

Your research group is investigating the possible use of genetically-engineered cells to produce a vaccine for malaria.List the pros and cons of using E.coli,Saccharomyces,and animal cells to produce the vaccine.

Question 63

The local public health agency has received reports of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis among attendees at a city-sponsored chili cook-off.What techniques from recombinant DNA technology would the agency likely use to investigate this outbreak? Describe the expected results from these techniques.

Question 64

The development of DNA technology is bringing profound changes to science,agriculture and healthcare.Provide one example of a DNA technology and provide at least one advantage and one example of a concern or problem associated with its use.