Deck 12: The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE?

A)Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.
B)Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.
C)Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores.
D)Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition.
E)Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the malaria parasite life cycle,humans are the ________ host,while mosquitoes are the ________ host as well as the vector.

A)definitive;intermediate
B)intermediate;intermediate
C)temporary;final
D)vector;intermediate
E)intermediate;definitive

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus.In all seventeen patients,Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds.Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds,two had venous line insertion sites,and one had a bite wound.Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement.Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they

A)are aerobic.
B)can tolerate low-moisture conditions.
C)prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).
D)have a fermentative metabolism.
E)cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by

A)respiratory route.
B)genitourinary route.
C)gastrointestinal route.
D)vectors.
E)aerosols.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE?

A)Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.
B)Nearly all protozoa cause disease.
C)Most protozoa reproduce asexually.
D)Protozoa are common in water and soil.
E)Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors.

Question 6

Table 12.1

In Table 12.1,which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)7

Question 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Fungi produce sexual spores.
B)Fungi produce asexual spores.
C)Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi.
D)Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.
E)Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction.

Question 8

In mid-December,a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand.She was placed on penicillin.By the end of January,the ulcer had not healed,and she was referred to a plastic surgeon.On January 30,a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar.On the same day,a smear was made for Gram staining.The Gram stain showed large (10 µm)cells.Brownish,waxy colonies grew on the blood agar.Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia.The most likely cause of the infection is a

A)gram-negative bacterium.
B)dimorphic fungus.
C)parasitic alga.
D)yeast.
E)protozoan.

Question 9

Table 12.1

In Table 12.1,which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus?

A)1 and 2
B)6 and 7
C)2 and 8
D)1 and 4
E)7 and 8

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the oomycote algae is FALSE?

A)They form hyphae.
B)They produce zoospores in a sporangium.
C)They cause plant diseases.
D)They have chlorophyll.
E)They reproduce sexually.

Question 11

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)teleomorph - produces both sexual and asexual spores
B)dermatomycosis - fungal infection of the skin
C)dimorphic fungus - grows as a yeast or a mold
D)systemic mycosis - fungal infection of body organs
E)coenocytic hyphae - hyphae with cross-walls

Question 12

Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE?

A)They are heterotrophic.
B)They are multicellular animals.
C)They have eukaryotic cells.
D)All are parasites.
E)Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.

Question 13

All of the following are characteristic of the Platyhelminthes EXCEPT that they

A)are hermaphroditic.
B)are dorsoventrally flattened.
C)have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.
D)can be divided into flukes and tapeworms.
E)are multicellular animals.

Question 14

Table 12.1

In Table 12.1,which of these spores are asexual spores?

A)1,4,5,6,7
B)2,3,6,8
C)1,3,5,8
D)2,4,6,7,8

Question 15

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)Basidiomycota - basidiospores
B)Ascomycota - conidiospores
C)Zygomycota - sporangiospores
D)microsporidia - lack mitochondria
E)anamorphs - lack spores

Question 16

Which of the following pairs are mismatched? 1.arthroconidium - formed by fragmentation
2)sporangiospore - formed within hyphae
3)conidiospore - formed in a chain
4)blastoconidium - formed from a bud
5)chlamydoconidium - formed in a sac

A)1 and 2
B)2 and 3
C)2 and 5
D)3 and 4
E)4 and 5

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE?

A)Lichens are a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.
B)Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.
C)Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.
D)The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.
E)The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation.

Question 18

Table 12.1

In Table 12.1,which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium?

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)2 and 6
D)1 and 4
E)4 and 6

Question 19

Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free-living helminths?

A)digestive system
B)nervous system
C)reproductive system
D)digestive and nervous systems

Question 20

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)dinoflagellates - paralytic shellfish poisoning
B)brown algae - algin
C)red algae - agar
D)diatoms - petroleum
E)green algae - prokaryotic

Question 21

In the microscope,you observe multinucleated amoeboid cells with sporangia that form spores.This is a(n)

A)ascomycete.
B)cellular slime mold.
C)Euglenozoa.
D)tapeworm.
E)plasmodial slime mold.

Question 22

Three weeks after a river rafting trip,three family members experienced symptoms of coughing,fever,and chest pain.During the rafting trip,the family had consumed crayfish that they caught along the river banks.An examination of the patients' sputum revealed helminth eggs,and serum samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus.All of the family members recovered following treatment with praziquantel.In the Paragonimus life cycle,

A)the crayfish are the definitive host and humans are the intermediate host.
B)humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.
C)both humans and crayfish are intermediate hosts.
D)both humans and crayfish are definitive hosts.
E)the source of the infection was the river water.

Question 23

Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria?

A)vaccination
B)treating patients
C)eliminate Anopheles mosquitoes
D)eliminate the intermediate host
E)None of these is an effective control.

Question 24

Which of the following is a nucleated,unicellular organism that,if you changed the incubation temperature,would form filaments with conidiospores?

A)ascomycete
B)cellular slime mold
C)euglenozoa
D)tapeworm
E)plasmodial slime mold

Question 25

Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans?

A)diatoms
B)dinoflagellates
C)green algae
D)red algae

Question 26

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a

A)redia.
B)cercaria.
C)cysticercus.
D)metacercaria.
E)proglottid.

Question 27

Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan?

A)oomycote
B)cellular slime mold
C)Euglena
D)Phytophthora
E)plasmodial slime mold

Question 28

You observe a mass of amoeba-like cells that swarm together,form a stalk,and produce spores.This is a(n)

A)ascomycete.
B)cellular slime mold.
C)Euglenozoa.
D)tapeworm.
E)plasmodial slime mold.

Question 29

What do tapeworms eat?

A)intestinal bacteria
B)host tissues
C)red blood cells
D)intestinal contents
E)plant matter

Question 30

All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT which ONE of the following?

A)Most are photoautotrophs.
B)They are currently classified as plants.
C)They may be unicellular or multicellular.
D)Some produce harmful toxins.
E)They mostly live in aquatic habitats.

Question 31

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite?

A)miracidium
B)cyst
C)adult
D)larva
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 32

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because

A)they have organelles.
B)they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.
C)the large surface can absorb nutrients.
D)they form spores.
E)they have a mouth to ingest nutrients.

Question 33

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)tick - Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B)tick - Lyme disease
C)mosquito - malaria
D)mosquito - Pneumocystis
E)mosquito - encephalitis

Question 34

Below are paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis.Which of the pairs is mismatched?

A)dog - definitive host
B)dog - sexual reproduction
C)mosquito - vector
D)mosquito - definitive host
E)None of the pairs is mismatched.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?

A)They use light as their energy source.
B)They use CO₂ as their carbon source.
C)They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.
D)All are unicellular.
E)Some are capable of sexual reproduction.

Question 36

Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae,motile zoospores,and cellulose cell walls.It is most likely a(n)

A)ascomycete fungus.
B)green alga.
C)oomycote alga.
D)tapeworm.
E)zygomycete fungus.

Question 37

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)nematodes - complete digestive tract
B)cestodes - segmented body made of proglottids
C)trematodes - flukes
D)nematodes - many are free-living
E)cestodes - all are free-living

Question 38

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host?

A)lice
B)fleas
C)houseflies
D)mosquitoes
E)kissing bugs

Question 39

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm.Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure to avoid human infection?

A)salting fish before eating
B)refrigerating stored fish
C)cooking fish before eating
D)wearing gloves while handling fish
E)not swimming in fish-infested waters

Question 40

Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they

A)are motile.
B)lack mitochondria.
C)lack nuclei.
D)do not produce cysts.
E)do produce cysts.

Question 41

Infecting more than 2 billion people worldwide,________ are the most common causes of chronic infectious diseases.

A)intestinal tapeworms
B)intestinal roundworms
C)fungi
D)algae
E)protozoa

Question 42

Most cases of hookworm infection are acquired by ingestion of adult forms in contaminated food or water.

Question 43

Yeast infections are caused by

A)Aspergillus.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Histoplasma.
D)Penicillium.
E)Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question 44

If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans,humans are the

A)definitive host.
B)infected host.
C)intermediate host.
D)reservoir.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 45

In helminth life cycles,the organism that harbors the adult sexually reproductive phase of the parasite is called the intermediate host.

Question 46

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT

A)they are arranged in foliose,fruticose,or crustose morphologies.
B)they are a major food source for tundra herbivores.
C)they are used as indicators of air pollution.
D)they are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.
E)they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems.

Question 47

Cercariae,metacercaria,and redia are all life cycle stages of trematodes.

Question 48

The Platyhelminthes group includes roundworms,tapeworms,and flukes.

Question 49

Plasmogamy,karyogamy,and meiosis are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle.

Question 50

When we say that a human is a dead end host for a parasite,we mean

A)the human will die from the parasitic infection before being able to transmit it to another organism.
B)the infected human is highly unlikely to transmit the infection to another organism.
C)humans lack the correct anatomical structures for the parasite to exit the body.
D)that the human isn't capable of being infected by the parasite.

Question 51

Some species of dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins that cause fish kills and red tides.

Question 52

Ringworm is caused by a(n)

A)fungus.
B)cestode.
C)nematode.
D)protozoan.
E)trematode.

Question 53

Both the cellular slime molds and the plasmodial slime molds are members of the phylum Amoebozoa.

Question 54

The head of a tapeworm intestinal parasite is known as the ________.

A)proglottid
B)spicule
C)scolex
D)cysticerci
E)hydatid cyst

Question 55

The insect vectors have six legs and include spiders,ticks,mosquitoes,and lice.

Question 56

A wolf kills a deer that is infected with ________ of Echinococcus granulosis in its liver and eats it.After consuming the deer,the wolf's intestine becomes filled with a number of ________ produced from scoleces.These eventually release eggs into the wolf's intestines,which are released in its feces.

A)hydatid cysts;proglottids
B)proglottids;hydatid cysts
C)cysticerci;proglottids
D)cercariae;cysticerci
E)hydatid cysts;cercariae

Question 57

Arthropod vectors are blood-sucking animals such as ticks,lice,and fleas that transmit microbial pathogens.

Question 58

The sporozoite,merozoite,gametocyte,and ring stages are all part of the Plasmodium life cycle.

Question 59

You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea.What is the MOST likely cause?

A)Cryptosporidium
B)diatoms
C)Entamoeba
D)Giardia
E)Taenia

Question 60

In the roundworms,the females have 1-2 hardened ________ on their posterior ends

A)genital pores
B)proglottids
C)cercariae
D)spicules
E)scoleces

Question 61

Contrast the economic benefits and the harmful effects of fungi.

Question 62

Slime molds are not molds.Based on their life cycles and processes,why do you think they were originally given this incorrect name?

Question 63

Explain how the presence of algae can indicate either pollution or productivity of a body of water.

Question 64

West Nile Virus is transmitted by mosquitoes as they take a blood meal.Flies can also transmit pathogens,but not in the process of taking a blood meal.Differentiate the ways in which flies and mosquitoes acquire and transmit infectious agents,and suggest 1-2 ways in which these methods might be disrupted.

Question 65

Provide an explanation for the complex life cycles exhibited by parasitic helminths.Cite specific examples in your explanation.