Deck 12: Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance

Question 1

Banquets during the Renaissance

A) expressed the simplicity of the life idealized in courtly society.
B) were not held on Holy Days and on such celebrations as weddings.
C) were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family.
D) were banned by the papacy.
E) were restricted to the wealthy bourgeoisie.

Answer 1

were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family.

Question 2

Castiglione's The Courtier was a

A) primer on military training for nobles.
B) very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.
C) sharp denunciation of the wasteful noble life.
D) treatise against active participation in public life.
E) work on how to achieve political power and then keep it.

Answer 2

very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.

Question 3

The author of the Book of the Courtier, a handbook on courtly manners, was

A) Baldassare Castiglione.
B) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
C) Girolamo Savanarola.
D) Niccolò Machiavelli
E) Cosimo de Medici.

Answer 3

Baldassare Castiglione.

Question 4

The word "Renaissance" means

A) rebirth.
B) new world.
C) maturation.
D) escape.
E) culture.

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

A) Young men asked women for their hand in marriage, after a lengthy courtship.
B) Husbands were generally the same age as their spouses.
C) Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances.
D) Men and women waited longer to get married than in the Middle Ages.
E) Men and women married earlier than in the Middle Ages because of increased economic opportunities.

Question 6

The reintroduction of slavery in the fourteenth century occurred largely as a result of

A) continued warfare and the capture of foreign prisoners.
B) the shortage of workers created by the Black Death.
C) papal decrees encouraging a paternal relationship with pagans.
D) movements for Italian naval domination of the Mediterranean and the attendant need of manpower.
E) the importation of slaves from Africa.

Question 7

According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

A) the greatest period of economic recovery in the history of civilization.
B) a period of moral decline.
C) an era of tremendous graft and corruption in Italian government.
D) a continuation of the culture of the High Middle Ages.
E) a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world.

Question 8

Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

A) a decline in serfdom.
B) a decline in centralized royal government.
C) a reduction in urban trade networks.
D) a rise in famine.
E) an increase in slavery.

Question 9

Two key areas of Renaissance technological innovation were

A) fireworks and glass making.
B) mill construction and hydraulics.
C) mining and metalworking, including manufacture of firearms.
D) optical instruments and lens grinding.
E) the use of the vault and the arch.

Question 10

The aristocracy of the sixteenth century was

A) to dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages.
B) largely surpassed by the upcoming merchant class.
C) still powerful, but with little new blood to keep it vital.
D) extremely uneducated compared to the nobility of the Middle Ages.
E) to disappear by the early seventeenth century.

Question 11

By the fifteenth century, Italy was

A) a centralized state.
B) dominated by the Papal States exclusively.
C) the foremost European power.
D) dominated by five major regional independent powers.
E) made up of hundreds of independent city-states.

Question 12

What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?

A) Delian League
B) Prussian Confederation
C) Baltic League
D) League of German Cities
E) Hanseatic League

Question 13

The Italian Renaissance was primarily

A) a mass movement of the peasants.
B) characterized by a preoccupation with religion.
C) a product of rural Italy.
D) a recovery or rebirth of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture.
E) a religious reform movement.

Question 14

Slavery in Renaissance Italy

A) reached its height in the early sixteenth century.
B) was universally condemned by the Catholic Church.
C) disappeared entirely by the early fifteenth century.
D) experienced a slow decline.
E) saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers.

Question 15

The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of

A) an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals.
B) a mass movement in which all sections of society participated and contributed.
C) a narrow religious movement directed almost entirely by clerics.
D) a political movement in essence controlled mainly by kings.
E) foreign inspiration and influence, particularly from Islamic Spain.

Question 16

Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was

A) Battista Sforza.
B) Isabella d'Este.
C) Christina of Milan.
D) Catherine de Medici.
E) Christine de Pizan.

Question 17

The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance was the

A) Gonzaga.
B) Bardi.
C) Sforza.
D) Medici.
E) Machiavelli.

Question 18

The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from

A) colonization.
B) the slave trade.
C) agriculture.
D) military conquest.
E) trade.

Question 19

The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

A) predominantly urban.
B) essentially free from the manorial system, especially in eastern Europe.
C) relatively free from violence and disease in urban areas.
D) overwhelmingly made up of peasants.
E) made up of clergy and nobles.

Question 20

Marriages in Renaissance Italy

A) were based on love and mutual affection.
B) were easy to dissolve or annul.
C) were an economic necessity of life involving complicated family negotiations.
D) were often worked out hastily with little thought.
E) declined as the sanction of the church and religion grew weaker.

Question 21

Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that humans

A) were fallen creatures, but regain their place by following God's will.
B) were nothing more than undifferentiated animals.
C) were divine and destined to spiritual life.
D) were destined to survive because they were the fittest animals.
E) could be whatever they chose or willed.

Question 22

Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century, above all else

A) increasingly became alienated from political life.
B) was based on the study of the Greco-Roman classics.
C) rejected the church and Christianity in general.
D) helped revive Greek as a "living" language.
E) had little interest in the past inasmuch as it was only the present that was important.

Question 23

The development of printing in the fifteenth century

A) pertained predominantly to secular works, as theological works were still done by hand.
B) saw the invention of movable type by Nicholas Fabian.
C) ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.
D) made communication and collaborative work between scholars more difficult due to competition.
E) had little impact until the eighteenth century.

Question 24

Which pair of artists both sculpted a likeness of David?

A) Donatello and da Vinci.
B) Donatello and Michelangelo.
C) Michelangelo and da Vinci.
D) da Vinci and Brunelleschi.
E) Brunelleschi and Donatello.

Question 25

Who said, ''Christ is my God; Cicero is the prince of the language.''

A) Savanarola.
B) Leonardo da Vinci.
C) Petrarch.
D) Dante.
E) Boccaccio.

Question 26

Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to

A) ignore nature and paint for expression.
B) experiment in areas of perspective.
C) copy the works of previous artists.
D) move away from the study of anatomical structure.
E) focused entirely upon the natural landscape in reaction to the spiritual ideals of the Middle Ages.

Question 27

The painter of the Rome's Sistine Chapel ceiling was

A) Raphael.
B) da Vinci.
C) Botticelli.
D) Michelangelo.
E) Brunelleschi.

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of Northern Renaissance artists?

A) They had less mastery of the laws of perspective than many Italian painters.
B) The most influential artist was Jan van Eyck.
C) There was an emphasis on illuminated manuscripts and wooden panel painting.
D) They valued the secular human form as the primary subject of painting.
E) They never portrayed the human body.

Question 29

In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of

A) France and England.
B) England and Spain.
C) the Ottoman Empire and Spain.
D) Spain and Germany.
E) Spain and France.

Question 30

In Concerning Character, Pietro Paolo Vergerio argued that liberal studies led to

A) the death of God.
B) the rise of the peasant.
C) insights into nature.
D) true freedom.
E) enslavement to the false god of knowledge.

Question 31

Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

A) a stress on God's influence on human events.
B) the secularization of historiography and the explanation of change over time.
C) anti-Christian attacks on medieval historians.
D) an increasing reliance on archaeological evidence.
E) stress the importance of non-Western subject matter.

Question 32

Johannes Gutenberg was a key developer of

A) the water wheel.
B) the astrolabe.
C) the movable type printing press.
D) smokeless gunpowder.
E) the compass.

Question 33

Who painted "The Last Supper"?

A) Leonardo
B) Michelangelo
C) Caravaggio
D) van Eyck
E) Botticelli.

Question 34

The Renaissance figure in the following list who was not a leading painter was

A) Raphael
B) Michelangelo
C) Petrarch
D) Leonardo
E) Botticelli.

Question 35

The Corpus Hermeticum

A) contained histories written by papal secretaries.
B) radically conflicted with the ideas of Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man.
C) contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations.
D) advocated the final rejection of Neoplatonic thought.
E) was a scientific treatise and included no spiritual or philosophical concepts.

Question 36

Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino was

A) an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent Italian warrior prince.
B) an outspoken advocate of Italian unification.
C) a callous, disloyal prince, loathed by the papacy.
D) strictly opposed to the proliferation of condottieri in Italy.
E) a pious subject of the papacy.

Question 37

Machiavelli's The Prince advocates that a successful ruler must

A) strive to earn the love of his people.
B) follow Christian principles in all his endeavors.
C) care for the weak, poor, and helpless.
D) kill all opposition immediately.
E) act without scruples for the good of the state.

Question 38

A subject of particular interest to fifteenth-century humanists was

A) botany.
B) the Greek language.
C) accounting.
D) engineering.
E) theology.

Question 39

The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

A) contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.
B) was for all segments of society, rich and poor.
C) advocated concentration on science and research, not rhetoric and verbal skills.
D) almost entirely excluded Christian teachings.
E) was designed to achieve political success as the paramount goal of an educated man.

Question 40

The Peace of Lodi served to

A) limit the sexual scandals that plagued the Papal court.
B) keep Naples from interfering in northern Italian affairs.
C) maintain peace between the Italian states for 40 years.
D) maintain peace between the Italian communes for 40 years.
E) ensconce the Medici in both Florence and Naples.

Question 41

The "new monarchs" of the late fifteenth century in Europe

A) continued the trend toward decentralization.
B) were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.
C) attempted to build up the nobility for support.
D) accepted the domination of the church as a matter of course.
E) were generally illiterate.

Question 42

The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the

A) crusaders.
B) Persians.
C) Russians.
D) Seljuk Turks.
E) Ottoman Turks.

Question 43

Masaccio's frescos in Florence's Brancacci Chapel, with their realistic relationship between the figures and the landscape and the visual use of the laws of perspective was the first great masterpiece of Early Renaissance art.

Question 44

During the Italian wars, the practice of resident diplomats spread throughout Europe, thus developing the machinery still in use today for conducting international diplomatic business.

Question 45

In writing The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli used Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI, as the model prince that others should imitate.

Question 46

During the fifteenth century, Italians forbade slavery throughout the peninsula.

Question 47

The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was

A) Ali.
B) Murad III.
C) Lazar I.
D) Mehmet II.
E) Ibrahim Pasha.

Question 48

John Wyclif criticized the Church for

A) wasting money on expensive cathedrals.
B) discriminating against women.
C) not letting people read the Bible in the vernacular.
D) discriminating against Muslims and Jews.
E) having a pope.

Question 49

Michelangelo was a painter and sculptor but never tried his hand at architecture.

Question 50

The Spanish king, Charles I, sacked the city of Rome in 1527, bringing a temporary end to the Italian wars that had begun in 1494.

Question 51

The Renaissance papacy

A) was exemplified by the "spartan" and humble existence of Leo X.
B) saw popes build legal familial dynasties over several generations to maintain power.
C) was little concerned with war and politics, as shown by Julius II.
D) was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as evidenced by Alexander VI.
E) gave little support to the arts.

Question 52

Upper and middle-class women were expected to involve themselves in public and civic affairs.

Question 53

During the Middle Ages, artists were viewed simply as artisans, bound to guild and patron, but by the sixteenth century, some artists were perceived as artistic geniuses and were accepted into the upper classes.

Question 54

The Renaissance popes did all of the following except

A) patronize Renaissance culture.
B) participate in temporal authority at the expense of their spiritual responsibilities.
C) attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.
D) combat church councils.
E) involved themselves in politics and war.

Question 55

The results of the Hundred Years' War

A) reinvigorated and strengthened the French monarchy.
B) caused economic turmoil in England.
C) temporarily strengthened the nobility in England.
D) a and b
E) all of the above

Question 56

Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain

A) became increasingly corrupt and inefficient.
B) saw society become more secular.
C) saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula.
D) had little remaining dissension and was thoroughly unified.
E) lost its independence to the Valois dynasty of France.

Question 57

Filippo Brunelleschi's statue of David was the first life-size freestanding bronze nude since ancient Greece and Rome.

Question 58

The Medicis dominated the politics of Florence in the fifteenth century.

Question 59

All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except

A) Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire.
B) Henry VII of England.
C) Ferdinand of Aragon in Spain.
D) Louis XI the Spider of France.
E) Isabella of Castile.

Question 60

After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman Emperor remained in the hands of the

A) Sforza family.
B) Medici family.
C) pope.
D) Habsburg dynasty.
E) Hohenzollern dynasty.