Deck 11: The Profession of Medicine

Question 1

Until recently,doctors overwhelmingly were white,male,and middle- or upper-class.How has this affected medical dominance over other occupations? How has it affected the treatment of patients who are not white,male,or affluent? How might this be changing?

Answer 1

Not Answer

Question 2

Since the 1960s,

A) the percentage of health care institutions owned by investor-owned corporations has increased.
B) corporations increasingly have purchased only one kind of health care institution (such as only nursing homes or only hospitals).
C) the ratio of doctors per capita has decreased.
D) the proportion of doctors in private practice has grown.
E) doctors' ability to fight government regulation has grown.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Published guidelines that establish norms of care for particular medical conditions based on a review of clinical research are known as

A) managed care documents.
B) practice protocols.
C) utilization summaries.
D) RBRVS decrees.
E) socialization literature.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following have threatened medical dominance?

A) the rise of corporatization
B) the rise of government control
C) the decline in public support
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 5

The system under which the government sets an average length of hospital stay and costs for in-patient treatment for each possible diagnosis is known as

A) retrospective payment.
B) deprofessionalization.
C) corporatization.
D) diagnostic-related groups.
E) Medicaid.

Question 6

What is cultural health capital? Which populations are least likely to have cultural health capital? How does low cultural health capital affect doctor-patient relationships?

Question 7

Graduating medical students

A) can expect a 40-hour work week as residents.
B) can expect an average debt greater than $150,000.
C) must take a course in cultural competency.
D) come primarily from the working class.
E) can expect an average debt of about $25,000.

Question 8

The AMA's power has declined in part because of

A) the growing political power of Republicans.
B) the significant percentage of doctors who choose not to join.
C) the growing conservatism of American doctors.
D) the unwillingness of legislators to accept campaign contributions from the AMA.
E) declining support for US medical schools among charitable foundations.

Question 9

Compared to conditions in 1900,by the late 1920s

A) considerably more medical schools existed.
B) women and blacks found it easier to obtain medical training.
C) immigrants and poor whites found it easier to obtain medical training.
D) the quality of medical training had improved considerably.
E) medical training had become less expensive.

Question 10

The professional dominance of doctors has declined in part because of

A) the growth of paraprofessionals.
B) changes in public attitudes.
C) doctor's skyrocketing salaries.
D) the decline of corporate medicine.
E) decreases in government regulation.

Question 11

Nineteenth century allopathic medical schools

A) had stringent admissions standards.
B) trained students primarily through laboratory work.
C) trained students primarily through lectures.
D) played a critical role in teaching scientific principles to new doctors.
E) emphasized scientific research.

Question 12

Another term for "regular doctors" is

A) allopaths.
B) homeopaths.
C) chiropractors.
D) botanic healers.
E) bonesetters.

Question 13

To become a profession,an occupation must

A) set its own education and licensing standards.
B) eliminate all competitors.
C) prove its scientific grounding.
D) have all members take courses in ethics.
E) earn over $60,000 per person.

Question 14

Homeopathic doctors treated illness with

A) extremely dilute solutions of drugs.
B) extremely powerful drugs.
C) "heroic" measures.
D) purging and bleeding.
E) inoculations.

Question 15

Respect for allopathic medicine had grown by the year 1900 because

A) Americans increasingly defined health care as complex matter requiring expert intervention.
B) Americans increasingly believed in the benefits of science.
C) of the impact of the Flexner Report.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

Question 16

RBRVS (resource-based relative value scale)was adopted to increase

A) the incomes of medical specialists.
B) the incomes of doctors in primary practice.
C) the cost of Medicaid and Medicare.
D) the cost of drugs.
E) hospital profits.

Question 17

During most of the nineteenth century,allopathic doctors typically

A) were highly respected by the general public.
B) based their treatment on scientific data.
C) were far better trained than their competitors.
D) received their education in Europe.
E) received less than one year of training.

Question 18

You have been appointed to an American Medical Association committee on reforming medical education.What would be your top three goals for reforming medical education? Why? What policies would you want to implement to achieve those goals? Why?

Question 19

The federal government developed a vested interest in restraining health care costs following the implementation of

A) DRGs.
B) HMOs.
C) Medicaid and Medicare.
D) horizontal integration.
E) vertical integration.

Question 20

The profession of medicine includes an ideology that dictates doctors' values,attitudes,and behaviors towards patients,colleagues,and other health care workers.Learning the role of medicine involves learning this ideology as well as learning specific technical knowledge.What does this ideology consist of,and how do doctors learn it?

Question 21

The American Medical Association

A) spends more than other competing interest groups on political lobbying.
B) has increased in power over recent decades.
C) is less powerful than the combined countervailing powers in health care.
D) has long supported a national health care system.
E) is more powerful than the insurance and pharmaceutical industries.

Question 22

The process through which medical students learn the skills,knowledge,and values of medicine as an occupation is referred to as

A) normative errors.
B) medical norms.
C) medical dominance.
D) professional dominance.
E) professional socialization.

Question 23

Those who support practice protocols are most likely also to support

A) primary practice.
B) medical paternalism.
C) RBRVS.
D) evidence-based medicine.
E) the AMA.

Question 24

Doctors' mechanistic model of the body may encourage them to

A) distrust natural bodily processes.
B) value "watching and waiting" rather than quickly intervening in Emergency Rooms.
C) rely on redactive treatment.
D) burn out after working in medicine for a few years.
E) listen carefully to their patients.

Question 25

The ways in which medical residents talk about patients sometimes suggest that residents

A) view patients as enemies.
B) depersonalize their patients.
C) believe patients' feelings are not important to their treatment.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

Question 26

Medical culture stresses that doctors should

A) value clinical experience more than scientific knowledge.
B) care deeply about their patients.
C) trust natural bodily processes.
D) value working with chronic illnesses more than with acute illnesses.
E) value working with common illnesses more than with rare illnesses.

Question 27

A doctor who strongly believes in the core medical values described in your textbook would be most likely to

A) work with Medicare patients.
B) become a primary care doctor.
C) practice in a rural area.
D) become a surgeon.
E) become a dermatologist.

Question 28

Doctors' power over their patients increases when

A) patients are physically unable to communicate.
B) doctors work in solo practice.
C) doctors and patients share the same culture.
D) doctors and patients share the same language.
E) doctors belong to the AMA.